Zusammenfassung
Die Verschlechterung gesundheitsbezogener Parameter (zum Beispiel Übergewicht) und das damit steigende kardiovaskuläre und allgemeine Mortalitätsrisiko werden zu einem großen Teil auf den Rückgang an körperlicher Aktivität zurückgeführt. Daher streben Interventionsstrategien oftmals deren Erhöhung an. Anstelle der körperlichen Aktivität wird in Studien aber auch die körperliche Fitness als Variable herangezogen. Diese ist zu einem großen Teil genetisch geprägt, muss aber durch eine entsprechende körperliche Aktivität ausgebildet werden. Während in der aktuellen Literatur prospektive Aussagen zum Einfluss körperlicher Fitness auf gesundheitsbezogene Parameter und das Mortalitätsrisiko zu finden sind, stehen diese für die körperliche Aktivität noch aus. Da sich die körperliche Fitness – im Gegensatz zur körperlichen Aktivität – mit standardisierten Verfahren bestimmen lässt, erscheint es gerechtfertigt, die körperliche Fitness als Parameter für prospektive gesundheitsbezogene Aussagen zu erheben. Obwohl die körperliche Fitness genetisch beeinflusst ist, stellt die körperliche Aktivität die prinzipiell modifizierbare Determinante dar und sollte zum Beispiel in Interventionsmaßnahmen herangezogen werden, um die körperliche Fitness zu steigern.
Abstract
The decline of physical activity is considered to play an important role in the deterioration of health predictors, such as overweight, and the associated increase of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Therefore, most interventional strategies aim for increasing physical activity. Instead of physical activity, some studies use physical fitness as a key variable. Though physical fitness is influenced by genetic factors, physical fitness has to be developed by physical activity. As recent reports demonstrate the prospective associations between physical fitness and health and mortality, these associations are not reported for physical activity. Due to the fact that physical fitness—in contrast to physical activity—is evaluated with standardized laboratory measurements, it appears advisable to assess physical fitness for prospective health perspectives. Although physical fitness is determined by genetics, physical activity is the primary modifiable determinant for increasing physical fitness and should be aimed for to improve physical fitness in interventional strategies.
Notes
Da die zusammengeführten Studien keine einheitlichen Messparameter zur Bestimmung der Adipositasausprägung verwendet haben, sind keine Angaben zur Effektgröße möglich. Für detaillierte Informationen sei an dieser Stelle auf das Review verwiesen.
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Brandes, M. Körperliche Aktivität oder Fitness: Was ist wichtiger für die Gesundheit?. Bundesgesundheitsbl. 55, 96–101 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-011-1395-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-011-1395-x