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Treatment of folliculitis decalvans using intensity-modulated radiation via tomotherapy

Behandlung von Folliculitis decalvans mit intensitätsmodulierter Radiotherapie mittels Tomotherapie

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Abstract

Background

Folliculitis decalvans (FD) is a form of primary neutrophilic scarring alopecia that is characterized clinically by chronic suppurative folliculitis and often associated with pruritus or even pain. Treatment of FD is often difficult. Herein, we report a case of recalcitrant and painful folliculitis decalvans refractory to antibiotic and anti-inflammatory therapies, which was successfully treated by intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in order to irreversibly eliminate hair follicles that prove to be one etiological trigger.

Case presentation

A 45-year-old male patient with a refractory FD presented with a crusting suppurative folliculitis and atrophic scarring patches on the scalp associated with pain and pruritus. We attempted relief of symptoms by reducing scalp inflammation and eliminating hair follicles through radiation. We delivered 11.0 Gy in two radiation series using tomotherapy, 5.0 Gy in 5 equivalent fractions as a first radiation course. The symptoms markedly decreased but did not totally disappear. Therefore, we delivered a second radiation series 4 months later with an additional 6 Gy. This led to almost complete epilation on the scalp and abolished pain and pruritus on the capillitium. The patient was regularly followed up until 26 months after radiotherapy. Draining lesions or exudation did not recur. He only experienced discrete hair regrowth in the occipital region with folliculitis 12 months after radiotherapy. These residual lesions are currently treated with laser epilation therapy.

Conclusion

A radical approach to eliminating hair follicles by repeated radiation therapy may induce lasting relief of symptoms in chronic suppurative FD associated with persistent trichodynia.

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die Folliculitis decalvans (FD) ist eine Form der primär neutrophilen Alopezie, welche klinisch durch Schmerzen und eitrige Follikel gekennzeichnet ist. Da es bisher kein einheitliches Behandlungskonzept gibt, wird hier über eine FD berichtet, welche trotz mehrfacher antibiotischer- und antiinflammatorischer Therapie rezidivierte. Die Behandlung erfolgte mit intensitätsmodulierter Radiotherapie (IMRT), um eine dauerhafte Schädigung der Haarfollikel zu erzielen.

Fallbericht

Beschrieben wird der Fall eines 45-jährigen Patienten, der sich mit rezidivierender, chronisch-eitriger Alopezie sowie Schmerzen und Pruritus vorstellte. Die Autoren entschieden sich, eine Radiotherapie (RT) durchzuführen, welche eine Verringerung der Entzündung im Bereich der Kopfhaut sowie eine dauerhafte Schädigung der Haarfollikel erzielen sollte, um somit die Symptome der FD zu lindern. Es wurden 11,0 Gy in 2 Bestrahlungsserien unter Einsatz der Tomotherapie durchgeführt. Bei der ersten Serie wurde eine Gesamtreferenzdosis (GRD) von 5 Gy in 5 gleichwertigen Fraktionen appliziert. Aufgrund weiterhin bestehender Beschwerden, erfolgte 4 Monate später erneut die Applikation einer RT-Serie mit einer GRD von 6 Gy. Damit wurden eine komplette Epilation und Beschwerdefreiheit erreicht. Der Patient nimmt regelmäßig Nachsorgekontrollen wahr und befindet sich aktuell in einem Follow-up von 26 Monaten. Im weiteren Verlauf traten keine neuen Exsudate auf. Lediglich in der Okzipitalregion kam es zu einem diskreten Haarwuchs, welcher mit einer leichten Follikulitis einherging. Aktuell wird eine Haarentfernung mittels Laser durchgeführt.

Schlussfolgerung

Bei einer chronisch-eitrigen FD mit anhaltender Trichodynie können wiederholte RT-Serien zu einer dauerhaften Entfernung der Haarfollikel mit langfristiger Besserung der Symptome eingesetzt werden.

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Correspondence to Khaled Elsayad.

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Conflict of interest

K. Elsayad, J. Kriz, U. Haverkamp, K-M. Plachouri, A. Jeskowiak, C. Sunderkötter, and H.T. Eich state that there are no conflicts of interest.

Consent was obtained from all patients identifiable from images or other information within the manuscript. In the case of underage patients, consent was obtained from a parent or legal guardian. Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images.

Additional information

This case was presented at the Annual Meeting of the German Society for Radiation Oncology, July 3–6, 2014, Düsseldorf, Germany.

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Elsayad, K., Kriz, J., Haverkamp, U. et al. Treatment of folliculitis decalvans using intensity-modulated radiation via tomotherapy. Strahlenther Onkol 191, 883–888 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00066-015-0891-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00066-015-0891-6

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