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Surgical therapy of advanced (pT4) colon cancer

Die chirurgische Therapie des fortgeschrittenen (pT4) Kolonkarzinoms

  • Main Topics: pT4-Cancer Of The Gastrointestinal Tract — The Importance Of Multimodal Therapeutical Concepts
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Summary

Background: The therapy of advanced colon cancers (pT4) can be difficult due to infiltration of adjacent structures, as well as due to intraperitoneal tumor cell dissemination. In view of these problems, it is important to consider clear concepts of surgical and interdisciplinary treatment to improve treatment results.

Methods: Between August 1994 and August 1997, we surgically treated 23 patients with pT4 colon cancers. The surgical treatment procedures and results are analyzed, in addition to results from the literature.

Results: Approximately half of the patients with tumor infiltration of adjacent structures have clinical symptoms indicating this. Blunt separation of tumor adhesions is not appropriate because of a high probability of tumor cell contamination. Resection has to be performed along clinically uninvolved tissue planes, which may often include resection of other organs. Adjuvant chemotherapy is indicated after operation. If there is microscopic residual disease, radiotherapy can reduce the risk of local progression.

Conclusions: Advanced colonic carcinomas may often only be resected by extended operation or multivisceral resection if tumor free resection margins are to be achieved. Surgical and medical oncologists should closely collaborate pre-, intra-, and postoperatively. Preoperative radiochemotherapy is a promising attempt if tumor free resection margins do not seem to be primarily achievable.

Zusammenfassung

Grundlagen: Lokal fortgeschrittene Kolonkarzinome (pT4) können vor allem durch die Infiltration benachbarter Strukturen, aber auch durch die Tendenz zur intraperítonealen Tumorzelldissemination therapeutische Probleme bereiten. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist die Darstellung chirurgischer und interdisziplinärer Behandlungskonzepte wichtig, um Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Therapieergebnisse aufzuzeigen.

Methodik: Von August 1994 bis August 1997 wurden 23 Patienten mit einem pT4-Kolonkarzinom operativ behandelt. Die operativen Therapieverfahren und Behandlungsergebnisse werden dargestellt, ebenso wie Daten aus der Literatur.

Ergebnisse: Nur etwa die Hälfte aller Patienten mit einer tumorösen Infiltration benachbarter Organe hat diesbezügliche klinische Symptome. Wegen der hohen Gefahr der Tumorzellkontamination ist eine stumpfe Dissektion entlang von Adhäsionen des Tumors zur Umgebung abzulehnen. Die Resektion muß daher entlang klinisch nicht befallener Ebenen erfolgen, was in vielen Fällen die Mitresektion von Nachbarorganen bedeutet. Postoperativ besteht die Indikation zur adjuvanten systemischen Chemotherapie. Bei mikroskopischem Tumorrest kann eine Strahlentherapie die Wahrscheinlichkeit der lokalen Tumorprogression verringern.

Schlußfolgerungen: Bei lokal fortgeschrittenen Kolonkarzinomen ist eine R0-Resektion oft nur durch eine erweiterte oder multiviszerale Resektion zu erreichen. In der Therapieplanung ist eine enge interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit von Radiotherapeuten, medizinischen Onkologen und Chirurgen erforderlich. In Fällen, in denen eine primäre R0-Resektion nicht möglich erscheint, bietet eine neoadjuvante Radiochemotherapie Vorteile.

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Kettelhack, C., Friedemann, A. & Schlag, P.M. Surgical therapy of advanced (pT4) colon cancer. Acta Chir Austriaca 31, 9–12 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02619869

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02619869

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