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The quality of life in adult female patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: A comprehensive study of the impact of genital malformations and chronic disease on female patients life

  • Original Paper
  • Endocrinology
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Abstract

Female patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia have been frequently studied in order to determine the impact of prenatal androgen exposure on various aspects of psychological, psychosocial and psychosexual development. There is no published study to evaluate the impact of the genital malformation, genital operations and chronic medication on the quality of life in adult females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. We performed a quality-of-life evaluation in adult female patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to a 21-hydroxylation defect. The patients were asked to fill out questionnaires covering the four domains of health-related quality of life, namely physical state, psychological well-being, social relationships and functional capacity as well as questionnaires covering the areas of psychosexual identification and psychosocial integration. In addition a semistructured interview was performed covering medical history as well as physical, emotional, social and psychosexual development. The results were evaluated using a computerized statistical program for social sciences. Forty-five patients agreed to participate (44 could be interviewed) and their medical data did not differ from the 20 patients (medical data were available from 16 patients) who refused to participate. Median age at diagnosis was below 1 year in 54.8 of the participating patients; range was from 0 to 30 years. Of the participants, 48.6%, 34.2% and 17.2% suffered from the simple-virilizing-, salt-wasting-, and late-onset-form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, respectively. The mean adult height was 157.8 cm, and mean weight was 56.8 kg. In 35.7% the degree of genital virilization was classified as Prader stage 3 or 4. The patients with the salt-wasting form were significantly more virilized at birth than those with the simple-virilizing form resulting in more genital operations and more complications in later life. The patients differed significantly from controls in certain aspects. They were more often single (47.8% vs 66.7%) and had less children (22.2% vs 38.6%). Patients with the salt-wasting form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia also had more problems in establishing heterosexual relationships and conceiving and bearing children. Homosexual preference was not increased. In addition, significant impairments were found with regard to psychosexual identification, but they were successful in terms of adjustment to illness and in receiving social support. The overall quality of life was not significantly different in patients and controls. Even though the patients suffered from a chronic illness and congenital malformations which significantly disturbed their body image, female identity and psychosexual identification, no effect on the overall quality of life could be detected. The differences found regarding social support and illness processing may be mechanisms which they have developed to enable them to cope. These mechanisms seem to be helpful and necessary to maintain a high level of well-being despite impairment, which is in turn reflected by a high quality of life.

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Abbreviations

ASQ :

attitudes towards sexuality questionnaire

BIQ :

body image questionnaire

CAH :

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

EDLQ :

everyday life questionnaire

FKV :

Freiburger coping with illness questionnaire

MLDL :

Munich Life Dimension List

PGWB :

Psychological General Well-Being index

POMS :

profile of mood states

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Medizinische Psychologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Goethestrasse 31, D-80336, München, Germany

    Ursula Kuhnle, Monika Bullinger & H. P. Schwarz

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  1. Ursula Kuhnle
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  2. Monika Bullinger
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  3. H. P. Schwarz
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Kuhnle, U., Bullinger, M. & Schwarz, H.P. The quality of life in adult female patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: A comprehensive study of the impact of genital malformations and chronic disease on female patients life. Eur J Pediatr 154, 708–716 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02276713

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02276713

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