Skip to main content
Log in

Effects of acute vagally-mediated bradycardia on systemic hemodynamics and coronary blood flow before and after coronary stenosis

  • Original Contributions
  • Published:
Basic Research in Cardiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

The effects of short episodes (1 min) of vagally-mediated bradycardia were studied in 9 anesthetized dogs utilizing vagal stimulation and slow atrial pacing (120 and 80 beats/min) before and after graded coronary constriction of the left anterior descending (LAD) and the left circumflex (CCA). In the presence of 90% LAD stenosis, bradycardia tended to restore both the elevated total LAD coronary vascular resistance (CVR-LAD) and the reduced, total CVR-CCA towards control levels obtained at corresponding slow rates in the absence of coronary stenosis; as a result, LAD coronary flow (F-LAD) was relatively less reduced and the accessory rise of F-CCA disappeared. In the presence of combination of 90% LAD plus 70% CCA stenosis, the effects of bradycardia on total CVR-LAD and F-LAD were similar to those obtained with single 90% LAD stenosis, but the accessory flow through the CCA was abolished resulting in no significant difference of the rate-dependent alterations of total CVR-CCA and F-CCA as compared with those observed in the absence of coronary stenosis. In the presence of single or combined coronary stenosis, bradycardia restored the depressed aortic pressure and cardiac output towards control values obtained at comparable slow rates before coronary stenosis. The results support the concept that in the presence of 90% LAD stenosis vagally-mediated bradycardia 1) decreases the tension-time index (myocardial nutritional demand) shifting cardiac performance to less expensive “flow work” and 2) facilitates antegrade flow through the highly stenotic LAD thereby inhibiting accessory flow through the nonstenotic CCA.

Zusammenfassung

Die Wirkung kurzdauernder (1 min) vagusinduzierter Bradykardien wurde in 9 anästhesierten Hunden untersucht. Vor und nach abgestufter Koronarstenose des Ramus interventricularis anterior (LAD) und des Ramus circumflexus (CCA) der linken Koronararterie wurde vagal gereizt und atrial stimuliert (120 und 80/min). Bei Vorliegen einer 90%-LAD-Stenose bewirkte eine Bradykardie in der Tendenz eine Änderung des erhöhten LAD-Koronarwiderstands (CVR-LAD) und des reduzierten CVR-CCA zu den Kontrollwerten hin, die bei entsprechend langsamen Herzfrequenzen in Abwesenheit einer Koronarstenose ermittelt wurden. Daraus folgte, daß der LAD-Koronarfluß (F-LAD) relativ weniger abnahm und der sich daraus ergebende Anstieg des F-CCA verschwand. Bei gleichzeitigem Vorliegen einer 90%-LAD-und einer 70%-CCA-Stenose waren die Auswirkungen der Bradykardie ähnlich denjenigen, die bei einer einzelnen 90%-LAD-Stenose beobachtet wurden; dagegen war der zusätzliche Fluß durch die CCA aufgehoben. Daher bestand keine signifikante Differenz zwischen den frequenzabhängigen Änderungen des CVR-CCA und F-LAD im Vergleich zu den in Abwesenheit von Koronarstenosen beobachteten Änderungen. Bei Vorliegen einzelner oder kombinierter Koronarstenosen führt eine Bradykardie zu einer Umkehrung der Abnahme des Aortendrucks und des Herzminutenvolumens in Richtung der Kontrollwerte bei vergleichbar langsamen Frequenzen vor Koronarstenose. Die Ergebnisse unterstützen die Vorstellung, daß bei 90%-LAD-Stenose vagusinduzierte Bradykardie 1. den Spannungs-Zeit-Index (myokardialer Nährstoffbedarf) vermindert und damit die Herzleistung in Richtung Flußarbeit verschiebt und 2. den antegraden Fluß durch die hochgradig stenosierte LAD erleichtert und damit den zusätzlichen Fluß durch die nichtstenosierte CCA verhindert.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Berglund, E., H. G. Vorst, F. Duff, G. L. Schreiner: Effect of the heart rate on cardiac work, myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary blood flow in the dog. Acta Physiol. Scand.42, 185–198 (1958).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Berne, R. M., H. De Geest, M. M. Levy: Influence of cardiac nerves on coronary resistance. Amer. J. Physiol.208, 763–769 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Braunwald, E., S. E. Epstein, G. Glick, M. D. Andrew, F. Wechsler, S. Braunwald: Relief of angina pectoris by electrical stimulation of the carotis sinus. New Engl. J. Med.277, 1278–1283 (1967).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Braunwald, E., S. J. Sarnoff, R. B. Case, W. N. Steinsby, G. H. Welch Jr.: Hemodynamic determinants of coronary flow: effect of changes in aortic pressure and cardiac output on the relationship between myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary flow. Amer. J. Physiol.192, 157–163 (1958).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Brown, B. G., W. D., Gundel, V. L. Gott, J. W. Covell: Hemodynamic determinants of retrograde arterial coronary flow following acute coronary occlusion. Circulation Suppl.45, 46, 395 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Conti, R. C., B. Pitt, W. D. Gundel, G. C. Friesinger, R. S. Ross: Myocardial flow on pacing induced angina. Circulation42, 815–825 (1970).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Dietze, W., U. Mittmann, J. Schmier, R. H. Wirth: Effects of coronary stenosis and mean aortic pressure on coronary blood flow, poststenotic coronary pressure, and reactive hyperemia. Basic Res. Cardiol.71, 309–318 (1976).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Forsyth, R. P., L. H. Edmunds, D. W. Amory, K. L. Melmon, P. D. Thomson: Hemodynamic changes during complete heart block in the unanesthetized monkey. Amer. Heart J.86, 88–95 (1973).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Goldstein, R. E., R. B. Karsh, E. R. Smith, M. Orlando, D. Norman, G. Farnham, D. R. Redwood, S. E. Epstein: Influence of atropine and vagally mediated bradycardia on the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias following acute coronary occlusion in closed-chest dogs. Circulation47, 1180–1190 (1973).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Higgins, C. B., S. F. Vatner, E. Braunwald: Parasympathetic control of the heart. Pharmacol. Reviews25, 119–155 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  11. Kerzner, J., M. Wolf, B. D. Kosowsky, B. Lown: Ventricular ectopic rhythms following vagal stimulation in dogs with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation47, 44–50 (1973).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Kirchheim, H. R.: Systemic arterial baroreceptor reflexes. Physiol. Reviews56, 100–176 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  13. Maseri, A., A. L'Abbate, A., Pesola, C. Michelassi, M. Marzilli, M. De Nes: Regional myocardial perfusion in patients with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, at rest and during angina pectoris induced by tachycardia. Circulation55, 423–433 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Mates, R. E., R. L. Gupta, A. C. Bell, F. J. Klocke: Fluid dynamics of coronary artery stenosis. Circulat. Res.42, 152–162 (1978).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. May, A. G., L. Van de Berg, J. A. Weese, C. G. Rob: Critical arterial stenosis. Surgery54, 1–9 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Norris, R. M., C. J. Mercer, S. E. Yeates: Sinus rate in acute myocardial infarction. Brit. Heart J.34, 901–904 (1972).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Pace, J. B., W. G. Randall, J. S. Wechsler, D. V. Priola: Alterations in ventricular dynamics induced by stimulation of the cervical vagosympathetic trunk. Amer. J. Physiol.214, 1213–1218 (1968).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Pasyk, S., W. Flameng, B. Wüsten, W. Schaper: Influence of tachycardia on regional myocardial flow in chronic experimental coronary occlusion. Basic Res. Cardiol.71, 243–251 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Pitt, B., D. E. Gregg: Coronary hemodynamic effects of increasing ventricular rate in the unanesthetized dog. Circulat. Res.22, 753–761 (1968).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Priola, D. V., R. L. Fulton: Positive and negative responses of the atria and ventricles to vagosympathetic stimulation in the isovolumic canine heart. Circulat. Res.25, 265–275 (1969).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Redwood, D. R., E. R. Smith, S. E. Epstein: Coronary artery occlusion in the conscious. dog. Circulation46, 323–332 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  22. Sarnoff, S. J., E. Braunwald, G. H. Welch Jr., B. Case, W. N. Stainsby, R. Macruz: Hemodynamic determinants of oxygen consumption of the heart with special reference to the tension-time index. Amer. J. Physiol.192, 148–156 (1958).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Schamhardt, H. C., P. D. Verdouw, P. R. Saxena: Improvement of perfusion and function of ischaemic porcine myocardium after reduction of heart rate by alinidine. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol.3, 728–738 (1981).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Schaper, W.: The collateral circulation of the heart. Ed.: W. Schaper. North Holland Publishing Company (Amsterdam 1971).

    Google Scholar 

  25. Senges, J., U. Mittmann, I. Rizos, J. Brachmann, L. Beck, D. Pelzer, W. Braun, W. Kübler: Effect of brief periods of paced ventricular tachycardia on coronary blood flow in dogs before and after graded coronary stenosis. Basic Res. Cardiol.78, 99–111 (1983).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Starzle, T. E., R. A. Gaertner, R. R. Baker: Acute complete heart block in dogs. Circulation12, 82–89 (1955).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Turina, M., I. Babotai, W. D. Bussmann, H. P. Krayenbühl: Hemodynamics of acute and chronic atrioventricular block in dogs. Cardiovasc. Res.3, 209–217 (1969).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. White, S., T. Patrick, C. B. Higgins, S. F. Vatner, D. Franklin, E. Braunwald: Effects of altering ventricular rate on blood flow distribution in conscious dogs. Amer. J. Physiol.221, 1402–1407 (1971).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Young, D. F., N. R. Cholvin, R. L. Kirkeeide, A. C. Roth: Hemodynamics of arterial stenoses at elevated flow rates. Circulat. Res.41, 99–107 (1977).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Zipes, D. P.: The clinical significance of bradycardic rhythms in acute myocardial infarction. Amer. J. Cardiol.24, 814–825 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft within the SFB “Kardiovaskuläres System”

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Senges, J., Rizos, I., Mittmann, U. et al. Effects of acute vagally-mediated bradycardia on systemic hemodynamics and coronary blood flow before and after coronary stenosis. Basic Res Cardiol 78, 85–98 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01923196

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01923196

Key words

Navigation