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Immunoglobulin class- and subclass-specific HIV antibody detection in serum and CSF specimens by ELISA and western blot

Nachweis von spezifischen Antikörpern gegen HIV der Immunglobulin-Klassen und-Unterklassen in Serum und Liquorproben mittels ELISA und Western blot

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Summary

Twenty-four homosexual adult patients suffering from LAS or AIDS were investigated for immunoglobulin class- and IgG subclass-specific antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by the indirect ELISA and Western blot using monoclonal tracer antibodies. All patients revealed HIV-specific serum antibodies of IgG subclass 1, and half of them IgG3. Only two had IgG2 and one IgG4 antibodies. IgM-anti-HIV was present in a person who presented a seroconversion in subsequent blood specimens. In twelve patients who developed signs of an ongoing encephalitis, cerebrospinal fluid specimens were also tested. HIV-specific IgG antibodies were usually restricted to the subclass 1. In two cases specific IgM was found to be present, although lacking in the blood specimens. By comparison with HSV antibody detection in blood and CSF, an intrathecal, possibly pathognomonic antibody formation to HIV could be confirmed, mainly directed to gp120, gp41 and p24.

Zusammenfassung

24 männliche, homosexuelle Personen, die an dem Lymphadenopathie- oder erworbenen Immundefektsyndrom erkrankt sind, wurden mit indirektem ELISA und Western blot unter Verwendung monoklonaler „Tracer“ auf HIV-Antikörper in den Immunglobulinklassen A, G, M und den Immunglobulinsubklassen G 1–4 untersucht. Alle untersuchten Patienten wiesen HIV-spezifische Serum-Antikörper in der Immunglobulinsubklasse G1 auf, etwa die Hälfte im IgG3, nur zwei bzw. einer im IgG2 und IgG4. IgM-Antikörper gegen HIV waren nur bei einem Patienten nachweisbar, bei dem eine Serokonversion bei Verlaufsuntersuchungen mit mehreren Blutproben festgestellt wurde. Von 12 Patienten mit Zeichen einer beginnenden Enzephalitis wurden auch Liquorproben getestet. Während die liquorständigen Antikörper gegen HIV im allgemeinen auf die IgG-Subklasse 1 beschränkt sind, ließen sich in zwei Fällen zusätzlich in den Blutproben nicht vorhandene IgM-Antikörper finden. Die intrathekale, pathognomonische Antikörperproduktion bei HIV-Infektion, im wesentlichen gegen die Strukturproteine gp120, gp41 und p24 gerichtet, kann durch die vergleichende Messung von Antikörpern gegen das Herpes simplex-Virus in Blut- und Liquorproben abgesichert werden.

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Mergener, K., Enzensberger, W., Rübsamen-Waigmann, H. et al. Immunoglobulin class- and subclass-specific HIV antibody detection in serum and CSF specimens by ELISA and western blot. Infection 15, 317–322 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01647729

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