Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Solar Desalination

  • Chapter
Advances in Solar Energy Technology

Abstract

Adequate quality and reliability of drinking water supply is a fundamental need of all people. Without potable or fresh water (less than about 550 parts per million (ppm) of salt) there is no human life. Industries and Agriculture also need fresh water without which they cannot function or thrive. Water is therefore the key to man’s prosperity; it is intimately associated with the evolution, civilization and destiny; hence it is aptly said that water is everybody’s business. Fresh water which was obtained from rivers, lakes, and ponds is becoming scarce because of industri1ization and population explosion. Moreover these potable water sources are being polluted constantly by industrial wastes and large amounts of sewage. It is said that presently more than 2000 million people are not getting potable water which leads to many deseases and stops the development. Looking to the scaracity and large demand of fresh water, the United Nations on November 10, 1980 declared the years 1981–1990 the decade of water supply and sanitation. Many U.N. organisations like UNDP, WHO, and the Worldbank are now actively involved throughout the world in promoting projects concerning to supply of fresh water for drinking purposes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. A. Mouchot (1869), ’La Chaleur Solavie et see Applications Industrielles, Gauthier-Villars, Paaris, p.1.

    Google Scholar 

  2. G.Nebbia and G.Menozzi (1966), ‘A short history of water desalination’ Acqua Dolee Dal Mare, II Inchiesta Internazionole Milano, p. 129.

    Google Scholar 

  3. A.L.Lavoiser (1862), ‘Oeuvres de Lavoisier’ Son Excellance le ministre di l’ instruction publique et de cultes, 3, Takle 9.

    Google Scholar 

  4. S.G. Talbert, J.A.Eibling, and G.O.G.Lof (1970), ‘Manua1 on solar distillation of saline water’ Battelle Memorial Institute Columbus Laboratories report to office of saline water, US Department of the Interior.

    Google Scholar 

  5. J. Harding (1883), ‘Apparatus for solar distillation’ Proc. Institution of Civil Engineers, 73, 284–288.

    Google Scholar 

  6. O. Kausch (1920), ‘Die unmittelbare ausnutzung der sonnenenergia’, Weimar Carl Steinert.

    Google Scholar 

  7. F. Pasteur (1928), compt. Rend.,30, 187.

    Google Scholar 

  8. C.G.Abbot (1938), Publication No.3530, Smithsonian Inst. Misc. Coll., 98, No.5 (1930); vol 2, Smithsonian Inst., ser. 1944; U.S.Paatent 2, 141, 330 (Dec.27,1938).

    Google Scholar 

  9. A. Boutaric (1927), Recherchee et inventions, 8, 205–215.

    Google Scholar 

  10. A. Boutaric (1930), ‘So1ar heat and its use’ Chaleur et Ind., 11, 59–66, 147–155.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Ch. Maurian and C.Brazier(1927), Recherches et Inventions, No.654.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Ch. Maurian and C.Brazier(1929), Recherches et Inventions, No.173.

    Google Scholar 

  13. J. Richard (1927), ‘Solar Distillation of saline waters (in French)’ Recherches et Inventions, 8, 474–475.

    Google Scholar 

  14. G.W.Dooley(1931), U.S.Patent, 1, 812, 516, June 30, 1931.

    Google Scholar 

  15. W.S.Barnes(1945), U.S.Patent, 2, 383, 234, Aug.21, 1945.

    Google Scholar 

  16. M. Telkes(1945),‘Solar distiller for life rafts’ united Nations office of Science, R and D. Report No.5225, P.B.21120.

    Google Scholar 

  17. M.Telkes(1943), ‘Distilling water with solar energy’ unpublished report, January 1943.

    Google Scholar 

  18. M.Telkes(1953),‘Fresh water from sea water by solar distillation’ Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 45(5), 11082–1114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. E.D. Howe and B.W.Tleimat(1974),‘Twenty years of work on solar distillation at the university of California’ Solar Energy, 16, 97–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. E.D.Howe(l961),’Solar distillation research at the university of California’ U.N.Conf. on New Sources of Energy, 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  21. G.O.G. Lof(1955),‘Solar distillation of sea water in the Vergin Islands’ office of saline water, U.S. Deptt. of Interior, Report No.5, PB 161380, 1955, 39 pages.

    Google Scholar 

  22. E.D. Howe(1955), ‘Solar disti1lation’Trans, Conference on the use of solar energy-The Scientific Basis, Tucson, 3, 159–169.

    Google Scholar 

  23. B.W. Tleimat(1969),‘The effect of construction and maintenance on the performance of solar distillers’ paper presented at Annual ASME meeting, Los Angles, California, paper No.69-WA/Sol-4, pp.18.

    Google Scholar 

  24. V.A.Baum (1961), ‘Solar distillers’ U.N.Conf. on New Sources of Energy, paper 35/5/119, Rome, Aug. 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  25. V.A. Baum and R.Bairamov(1964),‘Heat and mass transfer processes in Solar Stills of hot box type’ Solar Energy, 8(3), 78–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. P.I. Cooper(1969),‘Solar distillation’ Solar Energy Progress in Australia and New Zealand, Publication of the Australian and New Zealand Section of the Solar Society (8), 45, July 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  27. R.N. Morse(1969),‘Solar distillation in Australia’ Civil Engr., 38, 39–41.

    Google Scholar 

  28. R.N. Morse and W.R.W. Read(1968),‘ A rational basis for the engineering development of a solar still’Solar Energy, 12(1), 5–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. M.L. Khanna(1962),‘Solar water distillation in North India’ J.Sc. and Ind. Research, 2 IA(9), 429–433.

    Google Scholar 

  30. S.D.Gomkale, S.Y.Ahmed, R.L.Datta, and D.S.Datar (1965), ‘Fresh water from sea by solar stills’ Indian Chemical Engineering, 7 (4), 97.

    Google Scholar 

  31. H.P. Garg and H.S. Mann(1976),‘Effect of climatic, operational and design parameters on the year round performance of single sloped and double sloped solar still under Indian arid Zone conditons’ Solar Energy, 18,159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. E. Ullah Khan(1964), ‘Practical devices for the utilization of Solar Energy’ Solar Energy, 8(1), 17–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. I. Kamal(1967),’Prospects of desalnation of sea water on the Makran Coast(West Pakistan), Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, April 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  34. R.H.Niaz(1968),‘Gwadar solar desalination project’ The Nucleus(J. of Pakistan atomic Energy Commission), 5(182), 38–41.

    Google Scholar 

  35. M. Kobayashi(1963),‘A method of obtaining water in arid land’ Solar Energy, 7(3),93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. A. Belloni(1948),‘New system of solar distillation’ Rev.Marittima, Supp. Tech. 223–236.

    Google Scholar 

  37. G.Nebbia(1953),‘Research on Solar distillation’ Delia Camera di Commercio Industria e Agricoltura di Bari, 37(11/12), 7 pages, Nov.-Dec. 1953.

    Google Scholar 

  38. G. Frick and J. Hirschmann(1973),‘Theory and experience with solar stills in Chile’ Solar Energy, 14(4), 405–413.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. J.R. Hirschman(1975),‘Solar distillation in Chile’Desalination 17(1), 17–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. R. Fitzinaurice and A.C. Seligman(1958),‘Some experiments on solar distillation of sea water in Cyprus during the summers of 1954 and 1955’ Trans, Conf. on the use of Solar Energy, Tucson, arizona, 1955, University of Arizona Press, 3, 109–118.

    Google Scholar 

  41. G. Menguy, G.Chassagne, A.Sfeir, and J.Saab(1976),‘Experimental study and optimization of a solar still Revue International d’ Heliotechnique, p.46.

    Google Scholar 

  42. F. Trombe and M. Foex(1961),‘Utilization of solar energy for simultaneous distillation of brackish water and air conditioning of hot houses in arid region’ U.N.Conf. on New Energy Sources, paper 35/5/64,Rome, 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  43. J. Ahmadzadeh (1978), ‘solar earth water stills’ Solar Energy, 20 (5), 387.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. I.A. Sakr(1967), ‘Empirical formula for the expected fresh water production by Solar Energy’,COMPLES Marseilles, Bull. No.12, 56.

    Google Scholar 

  45. anon(JRM),(1965),‘Solar desalting gains acceptance in Greece’ Chemical Engineering, 72(26), 42–43

    Google Scholar 

  46. A. Delyannis, and E. Piperoglu(1967),‘Solar distillation developments in Greece’ Sun at Work, 12(1), 14–18.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Public Works Dept.(1954),‘Drawings for solar still’Pretoria, union of South Africa, CSIR Drawing No.CR 789, 1954.

    Google Scholar 

  48. C.Gomella(1957),‘Solar distillation developments in the Eastern Mediterranean’ Proc. Symposium on Saline water conversion, National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Washington, D.C.Pub 1ication No. 568, 131–136, Nov. 4-6, 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  49. G. Lejeune and I.Savornin(1954), ‘Solar distillation of water in Algeria’ Journal de Physique, Paris, 15, 525.

    Google Scholar 

  50. J.A. Barasoain and L. Fontan(1960),‘First experiment in the solar distillation of water in Spain’, Revista de Ciencia Aplicada, Madrid, 72,7–17.

    Google Scholar 

  51. P. Blanco, C. Gomella and J.A. Barasoain(1965), ‘Solar potabilization pilot plant at Las Marinas, Spain’ COMPLES, Marseilles, Bulletin No. 9, 29–41.

    Google Scholar 

  52. M.A. Abbas et al(1977), ‘Experimental studies on basintype solar distillers in Iraq,’Revue d’ Heliotechnique, 1,35., A.V.Brancker(1960),‘Solar stills in Iraq’ Nature, 85, No.4710.

    Google Scholar 

  53. M.M. Haf ex and M.K. Elnest(1961), ‘Demineralization of saline water by solar radiation in the united arab republic’ U.N.Conference on New sources of Energy, paper 35/5/63, Rome.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Y.H. Hamid(1976),‘An experimental solar still design for sudan’ Appropriate Technology, 3(3), 12.

    Google Scholar 

  55. A.A.M. Sayigh and E.M.A. ElSalm (1977),‘Optimum design of a single slope solar still in Riyadh’, Saudi Arabia’ Revue d’ Heliotechnique, 1,40.

    Google Scholar 

  56. M.A.Kettani and H.K.Abdel-Aal(1973),‘Production of magnesium chloride from the brines of desalination plants using Solar Energy’, Proc. 4th Int.Sump. on Fresh Water from sea, Heidelberg, Germany,p.509, Vol.2, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  57. S.D. Gomkale and R.L. Datta(1976),‘Solar distillation in India’ Annals of Arid Zone, 15(3), 206–218.

    Google Scholar 

  58. P.I. Cooper and W.R.W. Read(1974),‘Design philosophy and operating experience for Australian solar stills’ Solar Energy, 16, 1–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. P I.Cooper(1969),‘Digital simulation of transient solar still process’ Solar Energy, 12(3),313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. P.I. Cooper (1973), ‘digital simulation of experimental solar still data,’ Solar Energy, 14 (4), 451–468.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. B. Frick (1970), ‘Some new considerations about solar stills’ Proc. Int. Solar Energy Congress, Melbourne, March 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  62. J.R. Hirschmann and S.K. Roefler (1970), ‘Thermal inertia of solar stills and its influence on performance’ Proc. Int. Solar Energy Congress, Melbourne, March 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  63. V.A. Baum and R. Bairamov (1964),,‘Heat and mass transfer processes in solar stills of hot box type’ Solar Energy, 8, 78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. M.S. Sodha, A. Kumar, Usha Singh, and G.N. Tiwari(1980),‘Transient analysis of solar still’Energy Conversion and Management, 20(3),191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. J.K. Nayak, G.N. Tiwari and M.S. Sodha (1980), ‘Periodic theory of solar still’ Int. J. of Energy Research, 4, 41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. R.A. Akhtamov, B.M. Achilov, O.S. Kamilov and S. Kakharov, (1978), ‘Study of regenerative inclined stepped solar still’ Ge1iotekhnika, 149 (4), 51.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Anon. (1967), Report on activities 1966–1967 by the Tunisian A.E.C. Solar Energy, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  68. G. Frick and J.V. Sommerfeld (1973), ‘Solar stills of inclined evaporating cloth’ Solar Energy, 14, 427.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. S.M.A. Moustafe and G.H. Brusewitz and D.M. Farmer, (1979), ‘Direct use of solar energy for water desalination’ Solar Energy, 2292 ), 141–148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. K. Tanaka, A. Yamashita, and K. Watanabe (1981),‘Experimental and analytical study of the tilted wick type solar still’ Solar World forum, Proc.ISES Congress, Brighton, England, Aug. 1981, pp. 1087–1091.

    Google Scholar 

  71. K. Tanaka, T. Umehara and K. Watanabe (1983), ‘Improvements of the performance of the tilted wick type solar stills’ Proc. ISES Congress, Perth, Australia, Aug. 14–19, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  72. M.S. Sodha, A. Kumar, G.N. Tiwari, and R.C. Tyagi (1981), ‘simple multiplewick solar still; Analysis and performance’ Solar Energy, 26 (2), 127–131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. P.I. Cooper and J.A. Appleyard (1967), ‘The construction and performance of a three effect, wicktype, tilted solar still’ Sun at Work, 12, 4.

    Google Scholar 

  74. R.V. Dunkle (1961), ‘Solar water distillation: The roof type still and a multiple effect diffusion still’ International Development in Heat Transfer, ASME, 895–902.

    Google Scholar 

  75. M.K. Selcuk (1964), ‘Design and performance evaluation of a multiple effect, tilted solar distillation unit’ Solar Energy, 8, 23–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. M. Telkes (1956), ‘Research on methods for solar distillation’ office of saline water, U.S.Department of the Interior, RandD. Progress Report No. 13, 1956.

    Google Scholar 

  77. C.N. Hodges, T. Thompson, G. Lewis, E. Hohn and Donald, (1966), ‘Solar distillation utilizing multiple-effect humidification’ Solar Energy Research Lab., University of Arizona, CSW Report No.194,, pp. 155.

    Google Scholar 

  78. J.A. Eibling, R.E. Thomas, and E.A. Landry (1953), ‘An investigation of multiple-effect evaporation of saline waters by steam from solar radiation’ USDI office of saline water, RandD Progress Report No. 2, 1953.

    Google Scholar 

  79. B.W. Tleimat (1980), ‘Parametric analysis of the cost of water from solar-powered distillation of saline water’ paper presented at the Eighth Annual NWSIA conf. and International Trade fair,July 6–10,1980, SanFrancisco, California.

    Google Scholar 

  80. F. Oltra (1972), ‘Saline water conversion and its stage of development in Spain’ Publications of J.E.N.,Madrid.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Bartali et al (1976), ‘Chimney and heated head solar stills’ Heliotechnique and Development (Edited M.A. Kettani and J.E. Soussou) vol II, p.431, DAA 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  82. R.L. Lessley, T.E. Lindemuth and E.Y. Lam (197 7),‘Technical and economic assessment of solar distillation for large production of fresh water’ Technical Development Project, Interim report, Research and Engineering, Bechtel Corp., San Francissco, California.

    Google Scholar 

  83. D.B. Brice (l963),‘Saline water conversion by flash evaporation utilizing Solar Energy’ Advances in Chemistry, Series 38, 99–116.

    Google Scholar 

  84. B.W. Tleimat and E.D. Howe (1976), ‘Solar assisted distillation of sea water’ Proc. Int. conf. on Heliotechnique and Developments, 2, 458 - 482.

    Google Scholar 

  85. B.W. Tleimat, E.D. Howe, and A.D.K. Laird (1977), ‘Solar assisted still with vapor-compression option’ Desalination, 22, 41–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. H. Weihe (1972), ‘Fresh water from sea water, distilling by solar energy’, Solar Energy, 13, 439–444.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. H. Tabor (1975), ‘Solar Ponds as heat source for low temperature multieffect distillation plants’ Desalination, 17, 289–302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. H.H. Sephton (1971), ‘Interface enhancement for vertical tube evaporators’ ASME paper N0.71-HT-38, August 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  89. B.W. Tleimat (1970), ‘Rotating disk still with a hydrodynamically applied thin film’ U.S.Patent No.3, 764,483, filed October 5, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  90. F.L. Landa (1966), ‘Study of the overall heat transfer coefficient of a horizontal wiped film evaporation of sea water distillation’ M.S.Thesis, dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  91. R. Webb et al (1964), ‘Evaporation experiments with wiped and falling saline water films’ Dept. of Engineering report No.64–233, Water Resources Centre Contribution No. 91, University of California, Los Angeles, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  92. E.Zh. Narov, B.M. Achilov, and T.D. Zhuraev (1975), ‘Results of tests on solar film covered stills’ Geliotekhnika, 11 (3/4), 130.

    Google Scholar 

  93. G. Menguy, M. Benoit, R. Louat, A. Makki and Schwartz (1980), ‘New solar still design and experimentation (The wiping spherical still)‘Private Communication, Group d’ Etudes Thermiques et solaires, universite’ Claude Bernard 43 Bd du 11 November, 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne-Cedex, France.

    Google Scholar 

  94. M.K Selcuk (1971), ‘Analysis, design and performance evaluation of controlled environment greanhouse’ Trans, ASHRAE, No. 2172.

    Google Scholar 

  95. M.K. Selcuk and V.V. Tran (1976), ‘An overview of solar still greenhouse performance and optimal design studies’ Heliotechnique and Development (Edited M.A. Kettani and J.E. Soussou) vol II, p,349, DAA 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  96. D. Proctor (1973) ‘The use of waste heat in solar still’ Solar Energy, 14 (4), 433 - 449.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. D. Proctor (1970), ‘Supplementary heat in solar stills’ proc. ISES, Melbourne, Australia, March 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  98. S.H. Soliman(1979),‘Solar still coupled with a solar water heater’ Revue International d’ Heliotechnique, ler Semestre, 43.

    Google Scholar 

  99. M.S. Sodha, A. Kumar and G.N. Tiwari (1981), ‘Utilization of waste hot water for distillation’ Desalination, 37.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Anon (1971), ‘A special Report on Desalination Research at CSMCRI (1964-1971)’ Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar(Gujarat ), India.

    Google Scholar 

  101. M.A. Kettani(1973),‘Utilization of Solar Energy in the magnesium industry’ COMPLES International Bulletin, March 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  102. M.A. Kettani and H.K. AbdelAal(1973),‘Production of magnesium chloride from the brines of desalination plants using solar energy’ Proc. 4th Int. Symp. on fresh water from sea, Heidelberg, Germany, p. 509, Vol.2.

    Google Scholar 

  103. M.A.S. Malik, G.N. Tiwari, A. Kumar, M.S. Sodha (1982), ‘Solar Distillation’ Pergamon Press, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  104. E. D. Howe (1980), ‘Desalination of sea water’ chapter 33, Solar Energy Technology Handbook,, Part B (Edited W.C. Dickinson and P.N. Cheremisinoff), Marcwel Dekker, Inc., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  105. A. Delyannis and E. Delyanis (1973),‘Solar distillation plant of high capacity’Proc. 4th Int. sympon fresh Water from Sea., 4, 487.

    Google Scholar 

  106. G.O.G. Lof, J.A. Eibling and J.W. Blomer(1961),‘Energy balances in solar distillation’Am. Inst. Chem. Engrs., 7,641.

    Google Scholar 

  107. E.D. Howe (1974), ‘Fundamentals of water desalination’ Science and Technology Series, vol I, Marcel Dekker, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  108. G.O.G. Lof (1969),’Letter to the editor(Regarding in Ref.28), Solar Energy, 12(4).

    Google Scholar 

  109. O.G. Lof (1966), ‘Solar desalination’ chapter 5, principles of Desalination(Editor K.S.Spiegler), Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  110. P.I. Cooper (1973), ‘The maximum efficiency of single effect solar stills’ Solar Energy, 15, 205 - 217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  111. P.I. Cooper (1983),‘Solar distillation’ paper presented at the UNIDO Australia Workshop on solar Desalination, Melbourne, August 23, 1983, pp. 53–73.

    Google Scholar 

  112. J.W. Bloemer (1965), ‘Factors effecting solar still performance’ ASME Paper 65-WA/Sol-I, November, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  113. P. Garg and A. Krishnan (1973).‘Determination of optimum orientation of solar stills and results of an experimental study at Jodhpur’ Proc. 5th Meeting of All India Solar Enery Working Group and conference, Madras, India, November, 1973, pp. 85–107.

    Google Scholar 

  114. H. P. Garg (1975), ‘Design Studies on Conventional double sloped solar stills’ Indian and Eastern Engineer, 117 (8), 357.

    Google Scholar 

  115. H.P. Garg (1974),‘Effect of climatic parameters on the performance of single sloped solar still’ proc. Sixth Meeting of All India Solar Energy Working Group and Conf. Allahabad, India, December 1974, pp. 30–34.

    Google Scholar 

  116. P. I. Cooper,‘Some factors effecting the absorption of solar radiation in solar stills’ Solar Energy, 13(4), 373.

    Google Scholar 

  117. 117.A. K. Rajvansi and C.K. Hsieh (1979), ‘The effect of dye on solar distillation: Analysis and experimental evaluation’ Proc. Int. ISES Congress, Georgia, p. 327.

    Google Scholar 

  118. BW.Tleimet and E.D.Howe(1966),‘Nocturnal production of solar distiller’ Solar Energy, 10(2), 61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  119. B.M. Achilov, T.D. Zhuraev and R. Akhtamov (1973), ‘Test on a portable solar still’ Geliotekhnika, 9 (6), 51.

    Google Scholar 

  120. M. Mimaki, K. Tanaka, and K. Watanabe (1981), ‘The performance of solar stills’ Energy Developments in Japan, 3, 207–225.

    Google Scholar 

  121. K. Tanaka, A. Yamashita and K. Watanabe (1981), ‘Experimen tal and analytical study of the tilted wick type solar still’ Solar World Forum, Proc.ISES Congress, August 1981 ( Edited D.O. Hall and J. Morton ), Pergemon Press, pp. 1087–1091

    Google Scholar 

  122. K. Tanaka, T. Umehara, and K. Watanabe (1983), ‘Improvements of the performance of the tilted wick type solar stills’ Proc, ISES Congress, August 14–19, 1983, Perth, Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  123. P.C. Lobo and S.R.D. Araujo (1977), ‘Design of a simple multi-effect basin type solar still’ proc. ISES Congress, New Delhi, p. 2026.

    Google Scholar 

  124. M.A.S. Malik, V.M. Puri and H. Aburshaid (1978), ‘Use double stage solar still for nocturnal production’ Proc. sixth Int. symp. Fresh Water from Sea, 2, 367.

    Google Scholar 

  125. M.S. Sodha, J.K. Nayak, G.N. Tiwari, and A. Kumar (1980), ‘Double basin solar still’ Energy Conversion and Management, 20 (1), 23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  126. S.K. Garg, S.D. Gomkale, R.L. Datta and D.S. Datar (1968), ‘Development of humidification-dehumidification technique for water desalination in arid zones of India’ Desalination, 5 (1), 55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  127. S.K. Garg, M.H. Mehta, S.D. Gomkale, and R.L. Datta (1968), ‘Experience in the operation of humidification-dehumidification pilot plant of sea water desalination’ Indian Chem. Manufr., 6 (5 and 6), 61.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre of Energy Studies, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India

    H. P. Garg (Professor of Solar Energy)

Authors
  1. H. P. Garg
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1987 D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Garg, H.P. (1987). Solar Desalination. In: Advances in Solar Energy Technology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3797-0_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3797-0_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8189-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-3797-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation