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CA 19-9 as a Serum Biomarker in Cancer

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Biomarkers in Cancer

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Abstract

Serum biomarkers in cancer diagnosis or prognosis continue to be part of an evolving field and have been a promising noninvasive tool that may aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of disease in a number of different cancers. Serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) is a biomarker that found utility mainly in biliary tract and pancreatic malignancies as a prognostic marker in monitoring response to treatment and as an indication of disease recurrence. Unfortunately, CA 19-9 levels may lack specificity given that other cancers originating from the ovaries, stomach, colon, and lung may be associated with elevated levels. There are also many benign conditions that are associated with higher levels of CA 19-9. The antigen was discovered in the 1970s and has been studied extensively in various malignancies to validate its utility as a screening, prognostic, or diagnostic tool. CA 19-9 has been used most commonly as a biomarker in pancreatic cancer as a prognostic and predictive tool and less commonly in other malignancies. This chapter will focus mainly on utility of CA 19-9 in pancreatic cancer and biliary tract cancers.

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Abbreviations

AJCC:

American Joint Committee on Cancer

CA 19-9:

Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9

CEA:

Carcinoembryonic Antigen

CI:

Confidence Interval

CRC:

Colorectal Cancer

CRT:

Chemoradiation

DFS:

Disease Free Survival

FIGO:

International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics

IPMN:

Intrapancreatic Mucosal Neoplasm

IU/mL:

International Units/Milliliter

Le antigen:

Lewis Antigen

mOS:

Median Overall Survival

mTTP:

Median Time to Progression

NCCN:

National Comprehensive Cancer Network

ng/mL:

Nanogram/Milliliter

NSCLC:

Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

PD:

Pancreaticoduodenectomy

RCT:

Randomized Controlled Trial

TNM:

Tumor Node Metastases

vs:

Versus

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, James Cancer Hospital, 320 W 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA

    Kavya Krishna

  2. Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, James Cancer Hospital, 320 W 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA

    Tanios Bekaii-Saab

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  1. Kavya Krishna
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  2. Tanios Bekaii-Saab
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Correspondence to Tanios Bekaii-Saab .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Division of Diabetes &amp; Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences &amp; Medicine King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

  2. Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom

    Vinood B. Patel

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Krishna, K., Bekaii-Saab, T. (2014). CA 19-9 as a Serum Biomarker in Cancer. In: Preedy, V., Patel, V. (eds) Biomarkers in Cancer. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7744-6_17-1

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