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The Role of Adult Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Growth Factors and Scaffolds in the Repair of Cartilage and Bone

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Stem Cells and Human Diseases

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Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells are to be multipotent cells that have the potential to differentiate into different lineages of mesenchymal tissues including cartilage and bone. These cells have an excellent regeneration potential for tissue repair. Pluripotent mesenchymal progenitor cells are denoted as stromal or mesenchymal stem cells. These cells are relative easy to isolate from small aspirates of bone marrow and can be expand in culture. They are able to differentiate into lineage. This process is assisted by application of bioactive molecules, specific growth factors and biomaterials (scaffolds). Articular cartilage injury has a poor prognosis for repair. Mesenchymal stem cells, when exposed to growth factors can differentiate into cells which become chondroblasts and these are able to form cartilage. The formation of bone after injury requires mesenchymal stem cells which are capable to differentiate into osteoblasts. Together with growth factors, first of all with bone morphologic proteins excellent reparative process can be achieved. The authors deal in this chapter with the experimental investigations and clinical applications of the adult bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells, bioactive molecules and carriers.

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Abbreviations

APC:

Adenomatous polyposis coli

Beta catenin:

An integral component in the Wnt signaling pathway

BMP:

Bone morphogenetic protein

BMPs:

Bone morphologic proteins

DBM:

Demineralized bone matrix

DMEM:

Dulbecos’s modified Eagle’s medium

Dvl:

Dishevelled

FGF(a,b):

Fibroblast growth factor (acid, basic)

Fz:

Frizzled

GSK-3b:

Glycogen synthase kinase 3b

IGF:

Insuline like growth factor

LEF:

Lymphoid enhancer factor

LRP:

Low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein

MSC:

Mesenchymal stem cell

PDGF:

Platelet derived growth factor

PGA:

Polyglycolic acid

PLA:

Polylactic acid

PLLA:

Poly (L-lactic acid)

rh BMP:

Recombinant bone morphologic protein

Scaffold:

Degradable carrier

SMAD:

Merging the terms Sma and Mad genes

TCF:

T cell factor

TGF beta:

Transforming growth factor beta

Wnt:

Combination of Wg (wingless) and Int genes

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Traumatology, Markusovszky Teaching Hospital of County Vas, Király utca 11, Szombathely, 9700, Hungary

    Antal Salamon M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc.

  2. Central Laboratory of Markusovszky Teaching Hospital of County Vas, Szombathely, Hungary

    Erzsébet Toldy Pharm.D., Ph.D.

  3. Institute of Diagnostics University of Pécs, Szombathely, Hungary

    Erzsébet Toldy Pharm.D., Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Antal Salamon M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc.
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  2. Erzsébet Toldy Pharm.D., Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Antal Salamon M.D., Ph.D., D.Sc. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Rainbow Blvd 3901, Kansas City, 66160, Kansas, USA

    Rakesh Srivastava

  2. , Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Rainbow Blvd 3901, Kansas City, 66160, Kansas, USA

    Sharmila Shankar

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Salamon, A., Toldy, E. (2012). The Role of Adult Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Growth Factors and Scaffolds in the Repair of Cartilage and Bone. In: Srivastava, R., Shankar, S. (eds) Stem Cells and Human Diseases. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2801-1_14

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