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Genomics in the Discovery and Monitoring of Marine Biodiversity

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Introduction to Marine Genomics

Part of the book series: Advances in Marine Genomics ((AMGE,volume 1))

Abstract

Marine biodiversity encompasses a range of hierarchical levels, including genetic, species, ecosystem and functional diversity. Interactions among such levels determine ultimately the distribution and abundance, as well as evolutionary potential and resilience, of marine taxa. In the face of accelerating environmental change and ecosystem disruption, the detection and monitoring of structural and functional components becomes increasingly urgent. Classical ecological and conservation marine studies focused on species and communities- the emphasis has now shifted to enhancing our understanding of the relationships among the various components of biodiversity, especially their role in ecosystem services such as global nutrient recycling and climate. Here, we highlight the significance of genomics and genetic principles in elucidating the interactions among different biological levels of diversity, from genetic and cellular, to community and ecosystem-level processes. Genomic methods are especially powerful in disclosing previously undetected taxonomic (e.g. DNA barcoding), genetic (e.g. 454 sequencing) and functional (e.g. gene expression, analysis of metabolites) diversity, including the identification of new species and metabolic pathways.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK

    G. R. Carvalho & S. Creer

  2. PML Applications, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK

    Michael J. Allen

  3. Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal

    F. O. Costa

  4. Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biology and Genetics, Heraklion, Crete, Greece

    C. S. Tsigenopoulos

  5. 32 rue Dupetit Thouars, 49 000, Angers, France

    M. Le Goff-Vitry

  6. Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology and Genetics (IMBG), 71003, Heraklion, Greece

    A. Magoulas

  7. Laboratoire Arago, Observatoire Océanologique, 66651, Banyuls sur Mer, France

    L. Medlin

  8. Alfred Wegener Institute, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570, Bremerhaven, Germany

    K. Metfies

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  1. G. R. Carvalho
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  2. S. Creer
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  5. C. S. Tsigenopoulos
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  6. M. Le Goff-Vitry
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  7. A. Magoulas
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  8. L. Medlin
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Correspondence to G. R. Carvalho .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. CNRS UMR 7139, Labo. Végétaux Marins et Biomolécules, Université Paris VI, place Georges Teissier, Roscoff CX, 29682, France

    J. Mark Cock

  2. Max F. Perutz Laboratories GmbH, Dr. Bohr-gasse 9/4, Wien, 1030, Austria

    Kristin Tessmar-Raible

  3. CNRS UMR 7139, Labo. Végétaux Marins et Biomolécules, Université Paris VI, place Georges Teissier, Roscoff CX, 29682, France

    Catherine Boyen

  4. Equipe Diversité et Connectivité dans le, Paysage Marin Côtier (DIV&CO), Université Paris VI, place Georges Teissier, Roscoff CX, 29682, France

    Frédérique Viard

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Carvalho, G.R. et al. (2010). Genomics in the Discovery and Monitoring of Marine Biodiversity. In: Cock, J., Tessmar-Raible, K., Boyen, C., Viard, F. (eds) Introduction to Marine Genomics. Advances in Marine Genomics, vol 1. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8639-6_1

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