Abstract
That lovely brown and white shell, the pearly nautilus, has fascinated humans for millenia. Its precise mathematical spiral and subtle coloration have touched our aesthetic souls. But it is more than that, for the pearly nautilus has titillated our intellects, too. From the time the first shell was brought from its home sea environs, our ancestors speculated as to just what sort of animal makes the shell, what that animal does for a living, and where and how it does it.
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References and Bibliography
This does not purport to be a complete bibliography of all works on Nautilus. Good sources for data on the early works are Gould (1857), Griffin (1897, 1900), and Dodge (1953); for the more recent contributions, consult Stenzel (1964) and the references at the end of this volume.
Angas, George French, 1877, A further List of Additional Species of Marine Mollusca to be included in the Fauna of Port Jackson and the adjacent Coasts of New South Wales, Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London for the year 1877, Part II, pp. 178–194. (Nautilus is on page 178.)
Appellõf, A., 1893, Die Schalen von Sepia, Spirula und Nautilus. Studien über den Bau und das Wachstum, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-akademiens Handlingar 25(7):1–106, plates 1–12.
Aristotle, ca. 335–322 B.C., Historia animalium, book IV, 525a, 26–29 (translated by A. L. Peck), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts (1970); pp. 14–15 (translated by D’Arcy Went-worth Thompson), Clarendon Press, Oxford, England (1910). (Argonauta is discussed in book IV, 525a, 20–26, and book IX, 622b, 5–19.)
Athenaeus, ca. 200, Deipnosophistae, book VII, 317–318 (translated by Charles Burton Gulick), William Heinemann (1929), pp. 428–429, London.
Bather, F. A., 1887, The growth of cephalopod shells, Geol. Mag. N. Ser. Decade 3 4:446–449.
Bather, F. A., 1888, Shell-growth in Cephalopoda (Siphonopoda), Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 6th Ser. 1(4):298–310.
Bather, F. A., 1888, Professor Blake and shell-growth in Cephalopoda, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 6th Ser. 1(6):421–427.
Beekman, E. M. (ed. transl.), 1981, The Poison Tree: Selected Writings of Rumphius on the Natural History of the Indies, University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst.
Belon, Pierre, 1551, L’Histoire naturelle des estranges poissons marins, avec la vraie peinctvre & description du daulphin, & de plusieurs autres de son espece, obseruee par Pierre Belon du Mans, R. Chaudiere, Paris.
Belon, Pierre, 1553, De aquatilibus, libri duo cum eiconibus ad viuam ipsorum effigiem, quoad eius fieri potuit, expressis, Carolum Stephanum, Paris.
Belon, Pierre, 1555, La nature & diuersité des poissons, auec leurs pourtraicts, representez au plus pres du naturel, C. Estienne, Paris.
Bennett, George, 1831, The inhabitant of the pearly nautilus, London Med. Gaz. 8:729. [The name of the author is not given, but the paper is attributed to Bennett by Owen (1832, p. 8).]
Bennett, George, 1834, Wanderings in New South Waies, Batavia, Pedir Coast, Singapore, and China; being the journal of a naturalist in those countries, during 1832,1833, and 1834, Richard Bentley, London.
Bennett, George, 1859, Notes on the range of some species of Nautilus, on the mode of capture, and on the use made of them as an article of food, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, Part 27, pp. 226–229.
Bennett, George, 1860. Gatherings of a naturalist in Australasia; being observations principally on the animal and vegetable productions of New South Wales, New Zealand, and some of the Austral Islands, J. Van Voorst, London.
Bennett, George, 1877, Notes on the pearly nautilus (Nautilus pompilius), Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 4th Ser. 20(118):331–334.
Bennett, George, 1878, On the habits of the pearly nautilus, Report of the forty-seventh meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science; held at Plymouth in August 1877, p. 101.
Bickmore, Albert S., 1868, Travels in the East Indian Archipelago, John Murray, London. [Nautilus is on pp. 119 and 134–136; Rumpf is on pages 13–14, 134, and 250–252; Beekman (1981) lists an 1869 American edition, published by Appleton, New York.]
Blainville, Henri Marie Ducrotay de, 1825, Nautile, in: Dictionnaire des Sciences naturelles, Vol. 34, pp. 285–296, Le Normant, Paris.
Blainville, Henri Marie Ducrotay de, 1834, Anatomie des coquilles polythalames siphonées récentes pour éclaircir la structure des espèces fossiles, Museum national d’histoire naturelle, Paris, Nouvelles annales 3rd series 3:1–25, 2 plates.
Blake, J. F., 1879, On the homologies of the Cephalopoda, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 5th Ser. 4(22):303–312.
Blake, J. F., 1882, A monograph of the British fossil Cephalopoda. Part I. Introduction and Silurian species, J. Van Voorst, London.
Blake, J. F., 1888, Remarks on shell-growth in Cephalopoda, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 6th Ser. 1(5):376–380.
Boogaard, J.-A., 1856a, Recherches microscopiques sur les spermophores du nautile, Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris Ser. Zool. 4th Ser. 6:314–318.
Boogaard, J.-A., 1856b, Berigt omtrent mikroskopische onderzoekingen van de spermaphoren van Nautilus pompilius [in van der Hoeven (1856)].
Brazier, J., 1879, Mollusca of the Chevert Expedition, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 2:143–145.
Callimachus, ca. 250 B.C., Epigram VI, in: Callimachus Lycophron Aratus (translated by A. W. Mair), pp. 140–143, William Heinemann, London (1921). [See the note on page 169, The Greek Anthology: Hellenistic Epigrams, Vol. II (A. S. F. Gow and D. L. Page, eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England (1965).]
Chemnitz, Johann Hieronymus, see Rumpf (1766).
Crampton, Henry E., 1950, A history of the Department of Zoology of Columbia University, Bios 21(4):219–246.
Crouch, Edmund A., 1826, An illustrated introduction to Lamarck’s Conchology; contained in his Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertèbres: being a literal translation of the descriptions of the Recent and Fossil Genera, accompanied by twenty-two highly finished lithographic plates: in which are given Instructive Views of the various Genera, and their Divisions, drawn from Nature, from characteristic and generally well known Species, Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, & Green and J. Mawe, London. (There is also an edition dated 1827; the one copy I have seen appears to be in its original binding, but has no plates.)
Cuvier, Georges, 1830, Le regne animal distribué d’après son organisation, pour servir de base a l’histoire naturelle des animaux et d’introduction a l’anatomie comparée, Tome III, Déterville, Paris; Crochard, Paris.
Dean, Bashford, 1901, Notes on living nautilus, Am. Nat. 35(418):819–837, 35(419):1029.
Derham, W., 1726, see Hooke (1726).
Dillwyn, Lewis Weston, 1817, A descriptive catalogue of recent shells, arranged according to the Linnaean method; with particular attention to the synonymy, John and Arthur Arch, London. (Nautilus is on pp. 338–351, which are in Vol. I.)
Dodge, Henry, 1953, A historical review of the mollusks of Linnaeus. Part 2. The class Cephalopoda and the genera Conus and Cypraea of the class Gastropoda, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. 103, article 1, 134 pp.
Edwards, Frederic E, 1849, A monograph of the Eocene cephalopoda and univalves of England: First class—Cephalopoda. Cuvier, Palaeontogr. Soc. 2:1–56.
Foord, Arthur H., 1888, Catalogue of the fossil Cephalopoda in the British Museum (Natural History), Cromwel J Road, S.W. Part I. Containing part of the suborder Nautiloidea, consisting of families Orthoceratidae, Endoceratidae, Actinoceratidae, Gomphoceratidae, Ascoceratidae, Poterioceratidae, Cyrtoceratidae, and supplement, British Museum (Natural History), London. (Nautilus is on pages xi–xiii. This is only the first volume of the catalogue; subsequent volumes also have much information on Nautilus, both modern and fossil.)
Foord, Arthur H., and Crick, G. C., 1889, On the muscular impressions of Coelonautilus carinrferus, J. de C. Sowerby, sp., compared with those of the Recent Nautilus, Geol. Mag. Ser. 3 6(11):494–498.
Gesner, Konrad von, 1558, Historiae animalium. Liber IV. Qui est de Piscium & Aquatilium animantium natura, Christoph Froschoverum, Tiguri. (“Nautilus” is discussed on pp. 732–736; the picture sent by John Fauconerus is described on p. 734, lines 31–41.)
Gesner, Konrad von, 1603, Historiae animalium. Liber IV. Qui est de Piscium & Aquatilium animantium natura, Editio Secunda, Bibliopolio Andreae Cambieri, Francofvrti. [The quote on p. 5 of Owen (1832), the description of the Fauconerus picture, is from p. 623, lines 20–30, of this edition.]
Gesner, Konrad von, 1983, Beasts & Animals in Decorative Woodcuts of the Renaissance, Dover Publications, New York. (The illustrations from the “Nautilus” portion of the Historiae animalium are reproduced as Fig. 156, 168, 171, and 172.)
Gould, Augustus A., 1857, On the true Nautilus umbilicatus of Lister, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, Part 25, pp. 20–21.
Grant, Robert E., 1833, Lectures on comparative anatomy and animal physiology. Lecture XI. On the organs of support of the cephalopodous Mollusca, Lancet 1833–1834 1:505–514.
Gray, John Edward, 1833, Some Observations on the Economy of Molluscous Animals, and on the Structure of their Shells, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London 1833, pp. 771–819. (Mention of Nautilus is on page 774.)
Gray, John Edward, 1845, On the Animal of Spirula, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 15(98):257–260, plate 15. (Mentions of Nautilus are on pp. 259–260.)
Griffin, Lawrence Edmonds, 1897, Notes on the anatomy of Nautilus pompilius, Zool. Bull. 1(3):147–161.
Griffin, Lawrence Edmonds, 1898, Notes on the Tentacles of Nautilus pompilius, Johns Hopkins Univ. Circ. 18(137):11–12.
Griffin, Lawrence Edmonds, 1899, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 7th Ser. 3:170–176 [reprint of Griffin (1898)].
Griffin, Lawrence Edmonds, 1900, The anatomy of Nautilus pompilius, Mem. Natl. Acad. Sci. 8(5th mem.):101–230, 17 plates. (U.S. Senate Document 76, 56th Congress, 2nd session.)
Hadfield, E., 1920, Among the Natives of the Loyalty Group, Macmillan, London. (There is a photograph of Arthur Willey on p. 95.)
Hays, H. R., 1972, Birds, Beasts, and Men: A Humanist History of Zoology, Penguin, Baltimore (1973 printing).
Hedley, C., 1898, Descriptions of new Mollusca, chiefly from New Caledonia, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 23(I):97–105.
Hoeven, J. van der, 1850, Contributions to the knowledge of the animal of Nautilus pompilius, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, Part XVIII, pp. 1–9.
Hoeven, J. van der, 1856, Bijdragen tot de ontleedkundige kennis aangaande NAUTILUS POMPILIUS L., vooral met betrekking tot het mannelijke dier, Verh. K. Akad. Wet., Derde Deel, paper 7, 29 pp. 5 plates [includes Boogaard (1856b)].
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 1858, The Chambered Nautilus, Atlantic Monthly 1(4):468–469. (The poem was first published in the February 1858 installment of Holmes’ “The autocrat of the breakfast-table,” which was published in book form later in the same year.)
Hooke, Robert, 1705, Lectures and discourses of earthquakes, and subterraneous eruptions: Explicating the causes of the rugged and uneven face of the Earth; and what reasons may be given for the frequent finding of shells and other sea and land petrified substances, scattered over the whole terrestrial superficies, in: The posthumous works of Robert Hooke, M.D. S.R.S. Geom. Prof. Gresh, & c. Containing his Cutlerian Lectures, and other discourses, read at the meetings of the Illustrious Royal Society (Richard Waller, ed.), pp. 278–450, Sam. Smith and Benj. Walford (Printers to the Royal Society), London. [In Waller’s table of contents, the title is given as: Discourses of earthquakes, their causes and effects, and histories of several; to which are annext, physical explications of several of the fables in Ovid’s Metamorphoses, very different from other mythologick interpreters. This work is not a coherent whole. It was pieced together by Waller from various notes and drawings that were among Hooke’s papers at the time of his death; according to Waller, some bore the date May 29, 1689. A reprint of the book has been produced: The Posthumous Works of Robert Hooke (Richard S. Westfall, ed.), Johnson Reprint Corp., New York (1969); another introduced by T.M. Brown, Frank Cass and Co., London, 1971.]
Hooke, Robert, 1726, Dr. Hook’s Conjectures about the odd Phaenomena observable in the Shell-Fish called the Nautilus, in: Philosophical experiments and observations of the late eminent Dr. Robert Hooke, S.R.S. and Geom. Prof. Gresh. and other eminent virtuoso’s in his time (W. Derham, ed.), pp. 304–314, W. & J. Innys (Printers to the Royal Society), London. (According to Derham, this work was delivered to the Royal Society as a series of papers in December of 1696. A reprint of the book was produced in 1967 by Frank Cass & Co., London.).
Howes, G. B., 1896, Address of the President, Proc. Malacol. Soc. London 2:57–76.
Hoyle, William Evans, 1886, Report on the cephalopoda collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–1876, Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–76, Zoology, Vol. XVI, pp. 199–200.
Humboldt, Alexander von, 1841, Report on work on Nautilus by Valenciennes, quoting from a letter from Valenciennes, Bericht über die zur bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhand Jungen der Königl. Preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1841, pp. 55–58.
Huxley, Thomas Henry, 1853, On the morphology of the cephalous Mollusca, as illustrated by the anatomy of certain Heteropoda and Pteropoda collected during the voyage of H.M.S. “Rattlesnake” in 1846–50, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London 143(l):29–65. [Nautilus is mentioned on pp. 49, 50, 55, and 59.)
Ihering, H. von, 1881, Über die Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen der Cephalopoden, Z. Wiss. Zool. 35(1):1–22.
Keferstein, Wilhelm, 1865, Beiträge zur Anatomie des Nautilus pompilius, Nachr. K. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 1865:356–376.
Kerr, J. Graham, 1895, On some points in the anatomy of Nautilus pompilius, Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business of the Zoological Society of London 1895, pp. 664–686.
Landman, Neil H., 1982, Aristotle, Alexander and the Pearly Nautilus, Discovery 16(l):20–23.
Lankester, E. Ray, 1883, Mollusca, in: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 9th ed., Vol. 16, pp. 632–695.
Lankester, E. Ray, 1891, Mollusca, in: Zoological Articles Contributed to the “Encyclopaedia Britannica,” pp. 95–158, Adam & Charles Black, Edinburgh, Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York. [This is a republication of Lankester (1883).]
Leupe, P. A., 1871, Georgius Everardus Rumphius, ambonsch natuurkundige der zeventiende eeuw. Verh. K. Akad. Wet, Twaalfde Deel, paper 3, 63 pp.
Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Tomus I, Regnum animale, Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm [1956 reprint by the British Museum (Natural History), London.]
Luce, J. V., 1969, The End of Atlantis: New Light on an Old Legend, Thames and Hudson, London, 224 pp.
Moseley, H. N., 1892, Notes by a naturalist: An account of observations made during the voyage of H.M.S. “Challenger” round the world in the years 1872–1876, G. P. Putnam’s Sons, New York. (This is the second edition; the first was published in 1879.)
Müller, Johannes, 1841, Bemerkungen des Hrn. Prof. J. Müller, Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten VerhandJungen der Königl. Preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1841, pp. 58–59 (translation: Ann. Mag. Nat Hist 7:241–245, 1841).
Müeller, Phillip Ludwig Statius, see Rumpf (1766).
Oppianus, ca. 180, Halieutica, Book I, 338–359, in: Oppian Colluthus Tryphiodorus (translated by A. W. Mair), pp. 238–241, William Heinemann, London (1928).
Owen, Richard, 1832, Memoir on the Pearly Nautilus (Nautilus pompilius, Linn.) with Illustrations of Its External Form and Internal Structure, Council of the Royal College of Surgeons in London, London.
Owen, Richard, 1837, On the Structure of the Shell of the Water Clam (Spondylus varius), Proc. Zool. Soc. London, part V, pp. 63–66. (Includes brief mentions of Nautilus.)
Owen, Richard, 1842, Observations upon a Specimen of the Pearly Nautilus (Nautilus pompilius) obtained by Capt. Belcher, R.N. at Amboina, Proc. Zool Soc. London, Part X, p. 143.
Owen, Richard, 1843, On the structure and homology of the cephalic tentacles in the Pearly Nautilus, Ann. Mag. Nat Hist. 12(78) :305–311.
Owen, Richard, 1855, Lecture XXIII: Cephalopoda, in: Lectures on the comparative anatomy and physiology of the invertebrate animals, delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons, pp. 576–603, Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, London. (This is the second edition.)
Owen, Richard, 1878, On the relative positions to their constructors of the chambered shells of Cephalopods, Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London for the year 1878, pp. 955–975, plate 40.
Owen, Richard, 1894, The Life of Richard Owen, D. Appleton, New York. (The author is the grandson of the subject.)
Parkinson, James, 1811, Organic remains of a former world: An examination of the mineralized remains of the vegetables and animals of the antediluvian world; generally termed extraneous fossils, p. 100, Sherwood, Neely, and Jones, London. (The first edition was published in 1804–1808.)
Parkinson, James, 1830, Outlines of Oryctology. An introduction to the study of fossil organic remains; especially of those found in the British strata: intended to aid the student in his inquiries respecting the nature of fossils, and their connection with the formation of the Earth, M. A. Nattali, London. (The first edition is dated 1822.)
Peck, A. L., 1970, see Aristotle.
Pelseneer, Paul, 1888, Sur la valeur morphologique des bras et la composition du système nerveux central des Cephalopodes, Arch. Biol. 8:723–756, plates 37 and 38. (Nautilus is on pages 730, 732, 734, and 738.)
Pelseneer, Paul, 1899, Recherches morphologiques et phylogénétiques sur les Mollusques archaïques, Mémoires couronnés et Mémoires savants étrangers, Académie royale des sciences, des lettres et des beaux-arts de Belgique 57:1–112, 24 plates. (Nautilus is on pages 54–58.)
Plinius Secundus, Gaius (Pliny the Elder), 77, Natural history, book IX. xlvii. 88 and xlix. 94 (translated by H. Rackham), pp. 220, 221, 226, and 227, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts; William Heinemann, London (1956).
Poe, Edgar A., 1839, The conchologist’s first book: or, a system of testaceous malacology, arranged expressly for use in schools, in which the animals, according to Cuvier, are given with the shells, a great number of new species added, and the whole brought up, as accurately as possible, to the present condition of the science, Haswell, Barrington, and Haswell, Philadelphia.
Pope, Alexander, 1733–1734, An essay on Man, in: The Best of Pope (George Sherburn, ed.), lines 177–178 on p. 139, Ronald Press, New York (1940).
Rumpf, Georg Everard, 1705, d’Amboinsche rariteitkamer, Behelzende eene beschryvinge van allerhande zoo weeke als harde Schaalvisschen, te weeten raare krabben, kreeften, en diergelyke Zeedieren, als mede allerhande Hoorntjes en schulpen, die men in d’Amboinsche Zee vindt: Daar beneven zommige mineraalen, gesteenten, en soorten van Aarde, die in d’Amboinsche, en zom-mige omleggende Eilanden gevonden worden, François Halma, Amsterdam.
Rumpf, Georg Everard, 1711, Thesaurus imaginum piscium testaceorum; quales sunt cancri, echini, echinometra, stellae marinae, S- e. ut & cochlearum … quibus accedunt conchylia, ut nautilus, cornu Ammonis, &c, conchae univalviae & bivalviae … denique mineralia, P. van der Aa, Lugduni Batavorium.
Rumpf, Georg Everard, 1739, Thesaurus imaginum piscium testaceorum: quales sunt cancri, echini, echinometra, stellae marinae, Etc. ut et cochlearum … quibus accedunt conchylia, ut nautilus, cornu Ammonis, & conchae univalviae et bivalviae … denique mineralia, P. de Hondt, Hagae-Comitum.
Rumpf, Georg Everard, 1741, d’Amboinsche rariteitkamer…, Jan Roman de Jonge, Amsterdam. (This is a second Dutch edition of the 1705 work.)
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Saville-Kent, W., 1889, Preliminary observations on a natural history collection made in connection with the Surveying Cruise of H.M.S. “Myrmidon,” at Port Darwin and Cambridge Gulf—September to November, 1888, Proc. R. Soc. Queensl. 6(5):219–242. (A brief account of a live Nautilus on the surface during daylight is on p. 229.)
Seeley, Harry, 1865, On the Significance of the Septa and Siphuncle of Cephalopod Shells, Report of the Thirty-fourth Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science; held at Bath in September 1864: Notices and Abstracts of Miscellaneous Communications to the Sections, pp. 100–101.
Semon, Richard, 1899, In the Australian bush and on the coast of the Coral Sea; being the experiences and observations of a naturalist in Australia, New Guinea and the Moluccas, Macmillan, London.
Silva, P. H. D. H. de, 1977, Colombo Museum. 100 years. 1877–1977. Souvenir, Department of National Museums, Columbo, Sri Lanka.
Sirks, M. J., 1945, Rumphius, the blind seer of Amboina (translated by Lily M. Perry), in: Science and Scientists in the Netherlands Indies (Pieter Honig and Frans Verdoorn, eds.), pp. 295–303, Board for the Netherlands Indies, Surinam and Curaçao, New York.
Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, 1840, Nautilus, in: The Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, Vol. 16, pp. 108–114, Charles Knight, London.
Stenzel, H. B., 1964, Living Nautilus, in: Treatise on invertebrate Paleontology (R. C. Moore, ed.), pp. K59-K93, Geological Society of America, New York; University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.
Tenney, Sanborn, 1875, Elements of Zoölogy, Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York.
Thiele, Johannes, 1892, Beiträge zur Kennt nis der Mollusken, Z. wissenschaftliche Zool. 53(4):578–590, pl.23. (Nautilus is on pages 583 and 584.)
Thompson, D’Arcy Wentworth, 1910, see Aristotle.
Thompson, D’Arcy Wentworth, 1947, A Glossary of Greek Fishes, Oxford University Press, London (“Nautilos” is on pp. 172–175).
Tizard, T. H., Moseley, H. N., Buchanan, J. Y., and Murray, John, 1885, Narrative of the cruise of H.M.S. Challenger with a general account of the scientific results of the expedition, in: Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–1876 under the command of Captain George S. Nares, R.N., F.R.S. and the late Captain Frank Tourle Thomson, R.N. Narrative, Vol. I, First Part (Nautilus is on pp. 490–491).
Valenciennes, M. A., 1839, Nouvelles recherches sur le Nautile flambé (Nautilus Pompilius, Lam.), Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 2:257–314, plates 8–11. (The date of this paper is commonly given as 1841; however, van der Hoeven’s copy is designated “Exemplaire d’auteur” and is dated 1839.)
Valentijn, François, 1754, see Rumpf (1754).
Vrolik, W., 1843, On the Anatomy of the Pearly Nautilus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 12(76):173–175.
Waagen, William, 1870, Ueber die Ansatzstelle der Haftmuskeln beim Nautilus und dem Ammono-ideen, Palaeontographica 17(5):185–210, plates 39 and 40.
Willey, Arthur, 1895, In the home of the Nautilus, Nat. Sci. (London) 6(40):405–414.
Willey, Arthur, 1897a, The embryology of the Nautilus, Nature (London) 55(1426):402–403.
Willey, Arthur, 1897b, Letters from New Guinea on Nautilus and some other Organisms, Q. J. Microsc. Sci.N. Ser. 39:145–180. (The date of the papers by Willey in this volume of the journal is commonly given as 1896; the date on the title page of the volume is 1897, however.)
Willey, Arthur, 1897c, Zoological Observations in the South Pacific. II. On the Nepionic Shell of the Recent Nautilus, Q. J. Microsc. Sci. N. Ser. 39:222–226, 231, plate 13.
Willey, Arthur, 1897d, Zoological Observations in the South Pacific. III. On some Variations in the Shell of Nautilus, with Description of a New Variety (N. pompilius, var. Moretoni, nov. var.), Q. J. Microsc. Sci. N. Ser. 39:227–230, 231, plate 13.
Willey, Arthur, 1897e, The oviposition of Nautilus macromphalus, Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B 60:467–471.
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Davis, R.A. (2010). Nautilus Studies—The First Twenty-Two Centuries. In: Saunders, W.B., Landman, N.H. (eds) Nautilus. Topics in Geobiology, vol 6. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3299-7_1
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