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Effect of Metal Toxicity on Plant Growth and Metabolism: I. Zinc

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Sustainable Agriculture

Abstract

Zinc toxicity and problems with regard to tolerance and ecological significance are briefly discussed. Differential tolerance of plant genotypes exposed to zinc toxicity is a promising approach to enrich our understanding of zinc tolerance in plants. Knowledge concerning the physiology and biochemistry with regard to phytotoxicity, uptake and transport of zinc and tolerance and its characterization are also discussed. The cytotoxic effects of zinc on plants are elucidated. The major change was seen in the nucleus of the root tip cells due to zinc toxicity. The chromatin material was highly condensed and some of the cortical cells showed disruption and dilation of nuclear membrane in presence of 7.5 mM zinc. The cytoplasm became structureless, disintegration of cell organelles and the development of vacuoles were also observed. The number of nucleoli also increased in response to zinc resulting in the synthesis of new protein involved in heavy metal tolerance. This review may help in interdisciplinary studies to assess the ecological significance of metal stress.

Résumé Effet de la toxicité des métaux sur la croissance et le métabolisme des plantes: I. Zinc.

La toxicité du zinc et les problèmes de tolérance ou de conséquence écologique liés sont rarement discutés. L’approche en terme de tolérance différentielle des génotypes de plantes exposées à la toxicité du zinc est prometteuse pour l’enrichissement de notre compréhension de la tolérance des plantes au zinc. Les connaissances de la physiologie et la biochimie face à la phytotoxicité, à l’absorption et au transport du zinc, ainsi que la tolérance et sa caractérisation sont aussi discutées dans ce papier. Les effets cytotoxiques du zinc sur les plantes sont maintenant élucidés. La modification majeure concerne la noyau des cellules de l’extrémité des racines. La chromatine est fortement condensée et certaines des cellules corticales montrent la rupture et la dilatation de leur membrane nucléaire en présence de 7.5 mM de zinc. De plus, le cytoplasme perd sa structure, la désintégration d’organites et le développement de vacuoles sont aussi observés. Enfin, le nombre de nucléoles augmente en réponse au zinc. Ils résultent de la synthèse d’une nouvelle protéine impliquée dans la tolérance aux métaux lourds. Cette synthèse bibliographique pourra aider les études interdisciplinaires à évaluer les conséquences écologiques des stress dus aux métaux.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Biotechnology Division, Regional Plant Resource Centre, Nayapalli, Bhubaneswar, India

    Gyana Ranjan Rout

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  1. Gyana Ranjan Rout
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  2. Premananda Das
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Correspondence to Gyana Ranjan Rout .

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  1. INRA-CMSE-PME, rue Sully 17, Dijon CX, 21065, France

    Eric Lichtfouse

  2. Unite d¿Écodéveloppement, INRA-SAD, Avignon CX 09, 84914, France

    Mireille Navarrete

  3. UMR AGIR, INRA, Toulouse CX, 31326, France

    Philippe Debaeke

  4. UMR SADAPT, INRA-INA PG, Thiverval-Grignon, 78850, France

    Souchere Véronique

  5. Dépt. Environnement et Agronomie, INRA Avignon, Avignon CX 9, 84914, France

    Caroline Alberola

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Rout, G.R., Das, P. (2009). Effect of Metal Toxicity on Plant Growth and Metabolism: I. Zinc. In: Lichtfouse, E., Navarrete, M., Debaeke, P., Véronique, S., Alberola, C. (eds) Sustainable Agriculture. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2666-8_53

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