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Non-invasive Ventilation in Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure and COPD or ARDS

  • Chapter
Respiratory System and Artificial Ventilation

Abstract

A major driving force behind the increasing use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has been the desire to avoid the complications of invasive ventilation. Although invasive mechanical ventilation is highly effective and reliable in supporting alveolar ventilation, endotracheal intubation is associated with numerous risks of complications. These include upper-airway injuries, tracheal stenosis, tracheomalacia, sinusitis, and ventilator-associated pneumonia [1]. Torres et al. considered the correlation between several risk factors and the development of nosocomial pneumonia: the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and invasive ventilation for more than 3 days were significantly associated with an increased risk [2]. This complication of invasive ventilation is associated with a longer stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), increased costs and a worse outcome [2]. Furthermore, weaning difficulties are frequent in COPD patients [3], and the management of difficult-to-wean patients is a major clinical challenge that constitutes a large portion of the workload in an ICU [4].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Intensive Care, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France

    G. Hilbert, F. Vargas & D. Gruson

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  1. G. Hilbert
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  2. F. Vargas
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  1. Department of Perioperative Medicine Intensive Care and Emergency Cattinara Hospital, Trieste University School of Medicine, Trieste, Italy

    Umberto Lucangelo

  2. Department of Clinical Science, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

    Paolo Pelosi

  3. Laboratory of Respiration Physiology Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Walter A. Zin

  4. TMB Laboratory Department of Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy

    Andrea Aliverti

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Hilbert, G., Vargas, F., Gruson, D. (2008). Non-invasive Ventilation in Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure and COPD or ARDS. In: Lucangelo, U., Pelosi, P., Zin, W.A., Aliverti, A. (eds) Respiratory System and Artificial Ventilation. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0765-9_17

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0765-9_17

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