Skip to main content

Review of the Galactic X-ray Background Emission and White Dwarf Binaries

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Suzaku Studies of White Dwarf Stars and the Galactic X-ray Background Emission

Part of the book series: Springer Theses ((Springer Theses))

Abstract

Detailed reviews on the Galactic X-ray background emission or the Galactic Ridge X-ray emission (GRXE), and white dwarf stars are presented. Two confronting scenarios, the point-source scenario and the truly-diffuse scenario, for the originating source and the emission mechanism of the GRXE are explained. Several recent supports to the point-source origin based on recent X-ray spectroscopic and X-ray high-resolution imaging studies with Chandra are explained. The characteristic performance of our instrument, the Suzaku space X-ray observatory, such as the broad-band spectral capability and the high sensitivity in the hard X-ray wavelength, which are indispensable for the present study to spectroscopically decompose possible contributions from multiple types of X-ray stars to the GRXE, are described.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    A distance of 8 kpc is assumed to calculate intrinsic fluxes. The distance corresponds to that to the Galactic center from the Sun.

  2. 2.

    Note that they did not actually decompose the GRXE spectrum, but just compared a composite spectrum of several types of sources and the GRXE spectrum.

  3. 3.

    Stars with masses below \({\sim }0.5~M_\odot \) have longer life times which are thought to as long as (or longer than) the age of the universe. Therefore, they are probably not the origin of WDs currently existing in the Galaxy.

References

  • Aizu, K. 1973, Progress of Theoretical Physics, 49, 1184

    Google Scholar 

  • Ajello, M., Greiner, J., Rau, A., et al. 2006, The Astronomer’s Telegram, 697, 1

    Google Scholar 

  • Barlow, E. J., Knigge, C., Bird, A. J., et al. 2006, MNRAS, 372, 224

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergeron, P., Saffer, R. A.,& Liebert, J. 1992, ApJ, 394, 228

    Google Scholar 

  • Bird, A. J., Bazzano, A., Bassani, L., et al. 2010, ApJS, 186, 1

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonnet-Bidaud, J. M., de Martino, D., Falanga, M., Mouchet, M.,  & Masetti, N. 2007, A&A, 473, 185

    Google Scholar 

  • Brunschweiger, J., Greiner, J., Ajello, M.,  & Osborne, J. 2009, A&A, 496, 121

    Google Scholar 

  • Butters, O. W., Barlow, E. J., Norton, A. J., & Mukai, K. 2007, A&A, 475, L29

    Google Scholar 

  • Butters, O. W., Katajainen, S., Norton, A. J., Lehto, H. J.,  & Piirola, V. 2009, A&A, 496, 891

    Google Scholar 

  • Clayton, D. D. 1968, Principles of stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis, ed. Clayton, D. D.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooke, B. A., Griffiths, R. E.,  & Pounds, K. A. 1969, Nature, 224, 134

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooke, B. A., Griffiths, R. E.,  & Pounds, K. A. 1970, in IAU Symposium, Vol. 37, Non-Solar X- and Gamma-Ray Astronomy, ed. L. Gratton, 280-+

    Google Scholar 

  • Cropper, M. 1990, Space Science Reviews, 54, 195

    Google Scholar 

  • Cropper, M., Ramsay, G.,  & Wu, K. 1998, MNRAS, 293, 222

    Google Scholar 

  • Demircan, O.  & Kahraman, G. 1991, Ap&SS, 181, 313

    Google Scholar 

  • Dogiel, V. A., Inoue, H., Masai, K., Schönfelder, V.,  & Strong, A. W. 2002, ApJ, 581, 1061

    Google Scholar 

  • Dwek, E., Arendt, R. G., Hauser, M. G., et al. 1995, ApJ, 445, 716

    Google Scholar 

  • Ebisawa, K., Maeda, Y., Kaneda, H.,  & Yamauchi, S. 2001, Science, 293, 1633

    Google Scholar 

  • Ebisawa, K., Tsujimoto, M., Paizis, A., et al. 2005, ApJ, 635, 214

    Google Scholar 

  • Ebisawa, K., Yamauchi, S., Tanaka, Y., et al. 2008, PASJ, 60, 223

    Google Scholar 

  • Eggleton, P. P. 1983, ApJ, 268, 368

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisenstein, D. J., Liebert, J., Harris, H. C., et al. 2006, ApJS, 167, 40

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, P. A., Beardmore, A. P.,  & Osborne, J. P. 2008, The Astronomer’s Telegram, 1669, 1

    Google Scholar 

  • Ezuka, H.  & Ishida, M. 1999, ApJS, 120, 277

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrario, L.  & Wickramasinghe, D. T. 2005, MNRAS, 356, 615

    Google Scholar 

  • Frank, J., King, A.,  & Raine, D. 1992, Accretion power in astrophysics., ed. K. A. R. D. Frank, J.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fujimoto, R.  & Ishida, M. 1997, ApJ, 474, 774

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallagher, J. S.  & Starrfield, S. 1978, ARA&A, 16, 171

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh, P.  & Lamb, F. K. 1979, ApJ, 232, 259

    Google Scholar 

  • Giacconi, R., Bechtold, J., Branduardi, G., et al. 1979, ApJ, 234, L1

    Google Scholar 

  • Gliese, W.  & Jahreiß, H. 1979, A&AS, 38, 423

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamada, T.  & Salpeter, E. E. 1961, ApJ, 134, 683

    Google Scholar 

  • Hellier, C. 1996, in Astrophysics and Space Science Library, Vol. 208, IAU Colloq. 158: Cataclysmic Variables and Related Objects, ed. A. Evans  & J. H. Wood, 143

    Google Scholar 

  • Holberg, J. B., Sion, E. M., Oswalt, T., et al. 2008, AJ, 135, 1225

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmberg, J.  & Flynn, C. 2000, MNRAS, 313, 209

    Google Scholar 

  • Ishida, M. 1991, PhD thesis, The University of Tokyo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ishida, M., Mukai, K.,  & Osborne, J. P. 1994, PASJ, 46, L81

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaneda, H., Makishima, K., Yamauchi, S., et al. 1997, ApJ, 491, 638

    Google Scholar 

  • Kawaler, S. D. 1990, in Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series, Vol. 11, Confrontation Between Stellar Pulsation and Evolution, ed. C. Cacciari  & G. Clementini, 494–511

    Google Scholar 

  • Kepler, S. O., Kleinman, S. J., Nitta, A., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 375, 1315

    Google Scholar 

  • Koyama, K., Awaki, H., Kunieda, H., Takano, S.,  & Tawara, Y. 1989, Nature, 339, 603

    Google Scholar 

  • Koyama, K., Hyodo, Y., Inui, T., et al. 2007, PASJ, 59, 245

    Google Scholar 

  • Koyama, K., Maeda, Y., Sonobe, T., et al. 1996, PASJ, 48, 249

    Google Scholar 

  • Koyama, K., Makishima, K., Tanaka, Y.,  & Tsunemi, H. 1986, PASJ, 38, 121

    Google Scholar 

  • Krivonos, R., Revnivtsev, M., Churazov, E., et al. 2007a, A&A, 463, 957

    Google Scholar 

  • Krivonos, R., Revnivtsev, M., Lutovinov, A., et al. 2007b, A&A, 475, 775

    Google Scholar 

  • Lai, S., Girart, J. M.,  & Crutcher, R. M. 2003, ApJ, 598, 392

    Google Scholar 

  • Landi, R., Bassani, L., Dean, A. J., et al. 2009, MNRAS, 392, 630

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, J., Wickramasinghe, D. T.,  & Ruediger, G. 1996, ApJ, 469, 765

    Google Scholar 

  • Liebert, J., Bergeron, P.,  & Holberg, J. B. 2003, AJ, 125, 348

    Google Scholar 

  • Masai, K., Dogiel, V. A., Inoue, H., Schönfelder, V.,  & Strong, A. W. 2002, ApJ, 581, 1071

    Google Scholar 

  • Medvedev, M. V.  & Menou, K. 2002, ApJ, 565, L39

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, F.  & Meyer-Hofmeister, E. 1994, A&A, 288, 175

    Google Scholar 

  • Moretti, A., Campana, S., Lazzati, D.,  & Tagliaferri, G. 2003, ApJ, 588, 696

    Google Scholar 

  • Mukai, K.  & Shiokawa, K. 1993, ApJ, 418, 863

    Google Scholar 

  • Muno, M. P., Baganoff, F. K., Bautz, M. W., et al. 2004, ApJ, 613, 326

    Google Scholar 

  • Muno, M. P., Bauer, F. E., Baganoff, F. K., et al. 2009, ApJS, 181, 110

    Google Scholar 

  • Mushotzky, R. F., Cowie, L. L., Barger, A. J.,  & Arnaud, K. A. 2000, Nature, 404, 459

    Google Scholar 

  • Nauenberg, M. 1972, ApJ, 175, 417

    Google Scholar 

  • Nobukawa, M., Koyama, K., Matsumoto, H.,  & Tsuru, T. G. 2009, PASJ, 61, 93

    Google Scholar 

  • Nobukawa, M., Koyama, K., Tsuru, T. G., Ryu, S. G.,  & Tatischeff, V. 2010, PASJ, 62, 423

    Google Scholar 

  • Osaki, Y. 1996, PASP, 108, 39

    Google Scholar 

  • Pandel, D., Córdova, F. A., Mason, K. O.,  & Priedhorsky, W. C. 2005, ApJ, 626, 396

    Google Scholar 

  • Panei, J. A., Althaus, L. G.,  & Benvenuto, O. G. 2000, A&A, 353, 970

    Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, J. 1994, PASP, 106, 209

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramsay, G. 2000, MNRAS, 314, 403

    Google Scholar 

  • Revnivtsev, M., Lutovinov, A., Suleimanov, V., Sunyaev, R.,  & Zheleznyakov, V. 2004, A&A, 426, 253

    Google Scholar 

  • Revnivtsev, M.  & Sazonov, S. 2007, A&A, 471, 159

    Google Scholar 

  • Revnivtsev, M., Sazonov, S., Churazov, E., et al. 2009, Nature, 458, 1142

    Google Scholar 

  • Revnivtsev, M., Sazonov, S., Gilfanov, M., Churazov, E.,  & Sunyaev, R. 2006, A&A, 452, 169

    Google Scholar 

  • Revnivtsev, M., Sazonov, S., Krivonos, R., Ritter, H.,  & Sunyaev, R. 2008, A&A, 489, 1121

    Google Scholar 

  • Revnivtsev, M., Vikhlinin, A.,  & Sazonov, S. 2007, A&A, 473, 857

    Google Scholar 

  • Ritter, H.  & Kolb, U. 2003, A&A, 404, 301

    Google Scholar 

  • Sazonov, S., Revnivtsev, M., Burenin, R., et al. 2008, A&A, 487, 509

    Google Scholar 

  • Sazonov, S., Revnivtsev, M., Gilfanov, M., Churazov, E.,  & Sunyaev, R. 2006, A&A, 450, 117

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, G. D., Harris, H. C., Liebert, J., et al. 2003, ApJ, 595, 1101

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, M., Hasinger, G., Gunn, J., et al. 1998, A&A, 329, 495

    Google Scholar 

  • Suleimanov, V., Poutanen, J., Falanga, M.,  & Werner, K. 2008, A&A, 491, 525

    Google Scholar 

  • Suleimanov, V., Revnivtsev, M.,  & Ritter, H. 2005, A&A, 435, 191

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka, T., Uchiyama, Y., Aharonian, F. A., et al. 2008, A&A, 685, 988

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka, Y. 2002, A&A, 382, 1052

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanuma, S., Yokoyama, T., Kudoh, T., et al. 1999, PASJ, 51, 161

    Google Scholar 

  • Türler, M., Chernyakova, M., Courvoisier, T., et al. 2010, A&A, 512, A49

    Google Scholar 

  • Ueda, Y., Takahashi, T., Inoue, H., et al. 1999, ApJ, 518, 656

    Google Scholar 

  • Valinia, A.  & Marshall, F. E. 1998, ApJ, 505, 134

    Google Scholar 

  • Valinia, A., Tatischeff, V., Arnaud, K., Ebisawa, K.,  & Ramaty, R. 2000, ApJ, 543, 733

    Google Scholar 

  • Vauclair, G., Schmidt, H., Koester, D.,  & Allard, N. 1997, A&A, 325, 1055

    Google Scholar 

  • Warwick, R. S., Turner, M. J. L., Watson, M. G.,  & Willingale, R. 1985, Nature, 317, 218

    Google Scholar 

  • Weisskopf, M. C., Brinkman, B., Canizares, C., et al. 2002, PASP, 114, 1

    Google Scholar 

  • Wickramasinghe, D. T.  & Ferrario, L. 2005, MNRAS, 356, 1576

    Google Scholar 

  • Winget, D. E., Nather, R. E., Clemens, J. C., et al. 1991, ApJ, 378, 326

    Google Scholar 

  • Worrall, D. M., Marshall, F. E., Boldt, E. A.,  & Swank, J. H. 1982, ApJ, 255, 111

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu, K. 1994, Proceedings of the Astronomical Society of Australia, 11, 61

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu, K., Chanmugam, G.,  & Shaviv, G. 1994, ApJ, 426, 664

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamasaki, N. Y., Ohashi, T., Takahara, F., et al. 1997, ApJ, 481, 821

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamauchi, S.  & Koyama, K. 1993, ApJ, 404, 620

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Takayuki Yuasa .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Japan

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Yuasa, T. (2012). Review of the Galactic X-ray Background Emission and White Dwarf Binaries. In: Suzaku Studies of White Dwarf Stars and the Galactic X-ray Background Emission. Springer Theses. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54219-3_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics