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Experimental Techniques

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Kinetics of Metal-Gas Interactions at Low Temperatures

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Surface Sciences ((SSSUR,volume 36))

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Abstract

Quantitative determination of the kinetics of low- temperature oxidation or of other reactions forming thin tarnishing layers on metal surfaces is a challenge for the investigator. The total amount of gas absorbed is less than 100 monolayer equivalents of gas molecules or 1014 to 1017 atoms per cm2. This corresponds to 10-8 to l0-6g/cm2 or 10-5 to 10-3cm3 gas per cm2 at 1 bar and 300 K. Thus, the sensitivity of methods for the determination of rate and time laws should be better than 10-8g/cm2 or 10-5 Ncm3 /cm2. Only hydrogen is absorbed in larger quantities due to its high mobility in the bulk. However, this reaction is normally suppressed or impeded by the oxide scale present on the surface. Therefore, reliable data can be measured only if the surface of the metal sample is not covered by poisoning elements from the beginning to the end of an experiment. Furthermore, varying the parameters pressure and sample temperature within reasonable limits should be possible. Unfortunately, no method enables the determination of low-temperature reaction kinetics in the same ideal manner as microbalance experiments do it in the field of high-temperature oxidation. Each one of the limited number of techniques applied so far has its specific advantages but also severe shortcomings. This chapter gives a short characterization of various experimental methods and their applicability to quantitative measurements will be discussed. The techniques are subdivided into the categories: volumetry, gravimetry, optics, high energy ion beams, X-rays, and surface analytical methods.

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  1. Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung, Seestraße 92, D-70174, Stuttgart, Germany

    Dr. rer. nat. Eckehard Fromm

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  1. Dr. rer. nat. Eckehard Fromm
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© 1998 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Fromm, E. (1998). Experimental Techniques. In: Kinetics of Metal-Gas Interactions at Low Temperatures. Springer Series in Surface Sciences, vol 36. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60311-2_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60311-2_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-63975-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-60311-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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