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Where Matters: New Approaches to Brain Analysis

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Microstructural Parcellation of the Human Cerebral Cortex

Abstract

Emerging MRI and fMRI methods, most effective at high magnetic field, provide details of brain cortical architecture and function that are very difficult to include in analysis methods established in the 1990s. For essentially pragmatic reasons, these early methods for analysing spatial maps of functional brain activity have incorporated several assumptions that fail to approximate actual neural operations in any living brain. Some of these assumptions have been made explicit, but others remain implicit and unexamined. However, the improved data quality now available allows the more unrealistic assumptions to be discarded, opening a way forward to far more realistic methods for brain functional analysis. Principles of neural organization and function that should be respected by analysis techniques are listed, and their implications for the formulation of improved methods are explored. Methods based on in-vivo cortical parcellation will have much greater sensitivity and spatial specificity than existing techniques, and will allow much deeper understanding of the co-operative action of neurons across the brain in task accomplishment. Neuroscientific understanding of the relationships between structure, function and connectivity in anatomically distinct brain areas may at last begin to catch up with the achievements of nephrology.

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Acknowledgments

I would like to thank David van Essen for useful discussions on human brain neuroanatomy, and Geraint Rees for his perceptive comments on the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Max-Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1A, 04103, Leipzig, Germany

    Robert Turner

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  1. Robert Turner
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Correspondence to Robert Turner .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Department of Neurophysics, MPI Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1a, Leipzig, 04103, Germany

    Stefan Geyer

  2. , Department of Neurophysics, MPI Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstraße 1A, Leipzig, 04103, Germany

    Robert Turner

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Turner, R. (2013). Where Matters: New Approaches to Brain Analysis. In: Geyer, S., Turner, R. (eds) Microstructural Parcellation of the Human Cerebral Cortex. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37824-9_6

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