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Applications of the Versatile CRISPR-Cas Systems

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CRISPR-Cas Systems

Abstract

CRISPR-Cas systems provide adaptive immunity against viruses and plasmids in bacteria and archaea. Interference is mediated by small non-coding CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) that guide the Cas machinery towards complementary nucleic acids for sequence-specific cleavage. Several recent studies have shown that CRISPR-encoded immunity can increase the breadth and depth of phage resistance in bacteria, and can provide a barrier to acquisition of undesirable genetic elements, notably plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistance genes. Further, the adaptive and inheritable nature of those idiosyncratic chromosomal loci provide valuable genetic polymorphism which can be leveraged for typing purposes, proprietary strain tagging, ecological surveys, and epidemiological studies. The ability to readily transfer functional CRISPR-Cas systems across even distant bacteria, and re-program their endonuclease activity make them amenable to genetic engineering and useful for genome editing. These features, in combination with recent breakthroughs in unravelling the molecular underpinnings of the CRISPR mechanism of action have paved the way for several applications in a diversity of industrial and biotechnological areas.

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Acknowledgments

We are indebted to our DuPont colleagues, notably Patrick Boyaval, Christophe Fremaux, and Dennis Romero, and our many academic collaborators with whom we have had the privilege to share exciting times exploring CRISPR-cas systems, notably the Moineau laboratory at Laval, the Banfield laboratory at the University of California Berkeley, the Roberts laboratory at the Pennsylvania State University, the Dudley laboratory at the Pennsylvania State University, the Terns laboratory at the University of Georgia, the Levin laboratory at Emory, the Bhaya laboratory at Stanford University, the VerBerkmoes laboratory at ORNL, Eugene Koonin and Kira Makarova at NCBI, Eric Brown and Marc Allard at FDA, and our dedicated and talented teams. Work in Vilnius was funded by the European Social Fund under Global Grant measure Project R100.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. DuPont Nutrition and Health, Dangé-Saint-Romain, 86220, France

    Philippe Horvath

  2. Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, LT–02241, Vilnius, Lithuania

    Giedrius Gasiunas & Virginijus Siksnys

  3. DuPont Nutrition and Health, Madison, WI, 53716, USA

    Rodolphe Barrangou

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  1. Philippe Horvath
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  2. Giedrius Gasiunas
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  3. Virginijus Siksnys
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  4. Rodolphe Barrangou
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Correspondence to Philippe Horvath .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. DuPont Nutrition and Health, Agriculture Drive 3329, Madison, 53716, Wisconsin, USA

    Rodolphe Barrangou

  2. , Laboratory of Microbiology, University of Wageningen, Dreijenplein 10, Wageningen, 6703 HB, Netherlands

    John van der Oost

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Horvath, P., Gasiunas, G., Siksnys, V., Barrangou, R. (2013). Applications of the Versatile CRISPR-Cas Systems. In: Barrangou, R., van der Oost, J. (eds) CRISPR-Cas Systems. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34657-6_11

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