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Pulmonary endothelium in acute lung injury: from basic science to the critically ill

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Applied Physiology in Intensive Care Medicine 2

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Abstract

Background: Pulmonary endothelium is an active organ possessing numerous physiological, immunological, and metabolic functions. These functions may be altered early in acute lung injury (ALI) and further contribute to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Pulmonary endothelium is strategically located to filter the entire blood before it enters the systemic circulation; consequently its integrity is essential for the maintenance of adequate homeostasis in both the pulmonary and systemic circulations. Noxious agents that affect pulmonary endothelium induce alterations in hemodynamics and hemofluidity, promote interactions with circulating blood cells, and lead to increased vascular permeability and pulmonary edema formation. Objective: We highlight pathogenic mechanisms of pulmonary endothelial injury and their clinical implications in ALI/ARDS patients.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. 2nd Department of Critical Care, University of Athens Medical school, Attikon Hospital, Haidari, Athens, Greece

    S. E. Orfanos

  2. Department of critical care & Pulmonary Medicine and “M. simou” Laboratory, Medical School, University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece

    I. Mavrommati & I. Korovesi

  3. Department of critical care & Pulmonary Medicine and “M. simou” Laboratory, Medical School, University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, Ipsilandou St., Athens, Greece

    C. Roussos

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  1. S. E. Orfanos
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  2. I. Mavrommati
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  3. I. Korovesi
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  4. C. Roussos
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Scaife Hall 606 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA

    Michael R. Pinsky MD

  2. Dept. Intensive Care Medicine, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 51 av. Maréchal Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Créteil, CX, France

    Laurent Brochard MD

  3. Dept. Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital de Sant Pau, Avda. S. Antonio M. Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain

    Jordi Mancebo MD

  4. General Intensive Care Unit, Università Cattolica des Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy

    Massimo Antonelli

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Orfanos, S.E., Mavrommati, I., Korovesi, I., Roussos, C. (2012). Pulmonary endothelium in acute lung injury: from basic science to the critically ill. In: Pinsky, M.R., Brochard, L., Mancebo, J., Antonelli, M. (eds) Applied Physiology in Intensive Care Medicine 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28233-1_9

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