Abstract
The most important components that make up cell membranes are various types of lipids. By cataloging lipid structures (referred to as lipidomics), eukaryotic cells have been found to invest substantial resources in generating various types of lipids. Cells use about 5 % of their genes to encode for the synthesis of these lipids. Lipids perform a few general functions. First of all, lipids are used for energy storage, principally as triacylglycerol and steryl esters, in lipid droplets. The matrix of cellular membranes is formed by polar lipids, which consist of a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic portion. Furthermore, lipids act as first and second messengers in signal transduction and molecular recognition processes.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ashrafuzzaman, Md.:, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, unpublished (2007)
Ashrafuzzaman, Md., Tuszynski, J.A.: Ion Pore Formation in Membranes due to Complex Interactions Between Lipids and Antimicrobial Peptides or Biomolecules. In: Goddard, W., Brenner, D., Lyshevki, S., Iafrate, G. (eds.) Handbook on Nanoscience, Engineering and Nanotechnology. Taylor& Francis Group (in CRC press), Boca Raton (2011)
Ashrafuzzaman, Md., McElhaney, R.N., Andersen, O.S.: One antimicrobial peptide (gramicidin S) can affect the function of another (gramicidin A or alamethicin) via effects on the phospholipid bilayer. Biophys. J. 94, 21a (2008)
Ashrafuzzaman, Md., Koeppe, R.E., II, Andersen, O.S.: Lipid bilayer elasticity and intrinsic curvature as regulators of channel function: a comparative single molecule study. New J. Phys. (2011) (Accepted)
Ashrafuzzaman, Md., Tseng, C.-Y., Tuszynski, J.A.: Chemotherapy drugs form ion pores in membranes due to phyical interactions with lipids (2011) (Submitted)
Gawrisch, K., Parsegian, V.A., Hajduk, D.A., Tate, M.W., Gruner, S.M., Fuller, N.L., Rand, R.P.: Energetics of a hexagonal-lamellarhexagonal transition sequence in dioleoylphosphatidylethanolaminemembranes. Biochemistry 31, 2856–2864 (1992)
Gruner, S.M.: Intrinsic curvature hypothesis for biomembrane lipid composition: a role for nonbilayer lipids. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 3665–3669 (1983)
Hinz, H.-J., Kuttenreich, H., Meyer, R., Renner, M., Frund, R., Koynova, R., Boyanov, A.I., Tenchov, B.G.: Stereochemistry and size of supar headgroups determine structure and phase behavior of glycolipid membranes: densitometric, calorimetric and X-ray studies. Biochemistry 30, 5125–5138 (1991)
Israelachvili, J.N., Marcelja, S., Horn, R.G.: Physical principles of membrane organization. Q. Rev. Biophys. 13, 121–200 (1980)
Jain, M.: Introduction to Biological Membranes, 2nd ed. Wiley, New York (1988)
Keller, S.L., Gruner, S.M., Gawrisch, K.: Small concentrations of alamethicin induce a cubic phase in bulk phosphatidylethanolamine mixtures. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1127, 241–246 (1996)
Killian, J.A., de Kruijff, B.: The influence of proteins and peptides on the phase properties of lipids. Chem. Phys. Lipids 40, 259–284 (1986)
Killian, J.A., Burger, K.N., de Kruijff, B.: Phase separation and hexagonal \(H_{II}\) phase formation by gramicidins A, B and C in dioleoylphosphatidylcholine model membranes. A study on the role of the tryptophan residues. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 897, 269–284 (1987)
Kinnunen, P.K.J.: On the molecular-level mechanisms of peripheral protein-membrane interactions induced by lipids forming inverted non-lamellar phases. Chem. Phys. Lipids 81, 151–166 (1996)
Kirk, G.L., Gruner, S.M., Stein, D.L.: A thermodynamic model of the lamellar to inverse hexagonal phase transition of lipid membrane-water system. Biochemistry 23, 1093–1102 (1984)
Kozlov, M.M., Leikin, S., Rand, R.P.: Bending, hydration and interstitial energies quantitatively account for the hexagonal-lamellar-hexagonal reentrant phase transition in dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine. Biophys. J. 67, 1603–1611 (1994)
Kucerka, N., Tristram-Nagle, S., Nagle, J.F.: Closer look at structure of fully hydrated fluid phase DPPC bilayers. Biophys. J. 90, L83–L85 (2006)
Lewis, R.N.A.H., Mannock, D.A., McElhaney, R.N.: Membrane lipid molecular structure and polymorphism. Curr. Top. Membr. (Academic Press) 44, 25–102 (1997)
Luzzati, V.: X-ray Diffraction Studies of Lipid Water Systems. In: Chapman, D. (ed.) Biological Membranes: Physical Fact and Function, Vol. 1, pp. 71–123. Academic Press, London (1968)
Mannock, D.A., McElhaney, R.N.: Differential scanning calorimetric and X-ray diffraction studies of a series of synthetic \(\beta \)-D-galactosyl diacylglycerols. Biochem. Cell Biol. 69, 863–867 (1991)
Mannock, D.A., Lewis, R.N.A.H., Sen, A., McElhaney, R.N.: The physical properties of glycosyl diacylglycerols: calorimetric studies of a homologous series of 1,2-di-O-acyl-3-O-(\(\beta \)-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerols. Biochemistry 27, 6852–6859 (1988)
Mannock, D.A., Lewis, R.N.A.H., Sen, A., McElhaney, R.N.: Physical properties of glycosyl diacylglycerols. 1. Calorimetric studies of a homologous series of 1,2-di-O-acyl-3-O-(\(\beta \)-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerols. Biochemistry 29, 7790–7799 (1990)
Prenner, E.J., Lewis, R.N.A.H., Neuman, K.C., Gruner, S.M., Kondejewski, L.H., Hodges, R.S., McElhaney, R.N.: Nonlamellar phase induced by the interaction of gramicidin S with lipid bilayers. A possible relationship to membrane-disrupting activity. Biochemistry 36, 7906–7916 (1997)
Rand, R.P., Fuller, N.L.: Structural dimensions and their changes in a reentrant hexagonal-lamellar transition of phospholipids. Biophys. J. 66, 2127–2138 (1994)
Seddon, J.M.: structure of the inverted hexagonal (\(H_{II}\)) phase and nonlamellar phase transitions of lipids. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1031, 1–69 (1990)
Shyamsunder, E., Gruner, S.M., Tate, M.W., Turner, D.C., So, P.T.C., Tilcock, C.P.S.: Observation of inverted cubic phase in hydrated dioleoylphosphatidylethanolaminemembranes. Biochemistry 27, 2332–2336 (1988)
Singer, S.J., Nicholson, G.L.: The fluid mosaic model of the structure of cell membranes. Cell membranes are viewed as two dimensional solutions of oriented globular proteins and lipids. Science 175, 720–731 (1972)
Sud, M. et al.: LMSD: Lipid MAPS structure database. Nucleic Acids Res. 35, D527–D532 (2007)
Takahashi, H., Sinoda, K., Hatta, I.: Effects of cholesterol on the lamellar and the inverted hexagonal phases of dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1289, 209–216 (1996)
Tournois, H., Fabrie, C.H., Burger, K.N., Mandersloot, J., Hilgers, P., Van Dalen, H., De Geir, J., De Kruijff, B.: Biochemistry 29, 8297–8307 (1990)
van Meer, G.: Cellular lipidomics. EMBO J. 24, 3159–3165 (2005)
van Meer, G., Voelker, D.R., Feigenson, G.W.: Membrane lipids: where they are and how they behave. Nature Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 9, 112–124 (2008)
Zhang, Y.-P., Lewis, R.N.A.H., Hodges, R.S., McElhaney, R.N.: Peptide models of the helical hydrophobic transmembrane segments of membrane proteins: interactions of acetyl-\({\rm K}_2\)-\(\text{(LA)}_{12}\)-\({\rm K}_2\)-amide with phosphatidylethanolamine bilayer membranes. Biochemistry 40(2), 474482 (2001)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ashrafuzzaman, M., Tuszynski, J. (2012). Lipids in Membranes. In: Membrane Biophysics. Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16105-6_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16105-6_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-16104-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-16105-6
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)