Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Neuroanatomic Basis of Acupuncture Points

  • Chapter
Acupuncture Therapy for Neurological Diseases

Abstract

Acupoints, the sites on the body for acupuncture therapy, have relatively special structure that receives the acupuncture signals. Anatomically, acupoints have abundant nerves, muscles, vessels, and tendon. Histologically, there are various kinds of free nerve endings, receptors, Ruffini corpuscles, Meissner corpuscles, Krause corpuscles, lamellated corpuscles, and muscle spindle around the acupoints. The complexity of these tissues are presumed to be responsible for the acupuncture sensation at acupoints. Type II and III fibers of the afferent nerves may mediate the afferent transmission of the acupuncture signals. In the central nervous system (CNS), the spinal cord, brainstem, hypothalamus, thalamus, and cerebral cortex integrate the afferent signals of the acupuncture and form regulatory outputs via afferent pathways. In addition, there exists a strong relationship between the meridian-points and viscera in terms of nerve connection. The mechanism underlying the interaction between the meridian-points and viscera is related to the segmental innervations and convergence of the somatic and autonomic nerves at the same spinal segments. Although there have been numerous theories concerning meridians and points, we believe that the peripheral nervous system forms the main basis of acupoints as well as afferent and efferent pathways of the acupuncture signals.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Becker RO, Reichmanis M (1976) Electrophysiological correlates of acupuncture points and meridians. Psychoenergetic Systems 1:195–212

    Google Scholar 

  • Bishop GH, Landau W (1958) Evidence for a double peripheral pathway for pain. Science 128: 712–715

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell A (2006) Point specificity of acupuncture in the light of recent clinical and imaging studies. Acupunct Med 24:118–122

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cao YC (1979) The observation on fine structure of spindle at acupoints. Acupuncture Anaesthesia 2: 69 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chan SHH (1984) What is being stimulated in acupuncture: evaluation of existence of a specific substrate. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 8: 25–33

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chan SHH, Fung SJ (1975) Suppression of polysynaptic reflex by electro-acupuncture and a possible underlying presynaptic mechanism in the spinal cord of the cat. Exp Neurol 48: 336–342

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman CR, Chen AC, Bonica JJ (1977) Effects of intrasegmental electrical acupuncture on dental pain: evaluation by threshold estimation and sensory decision theory. Pain 3: 213–227

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen XG, Lin WZ, Xu MH (1995) Studies on mechanism of central morphology of the relative specificity of acupoints function. Journal of Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion 11(10): 36–37 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen S, Liu J, Gao Y (2007) Effects of electroacupuncture at different acupoints on changes of uterine myoelectricity induced by oxytocin and progesterone in pregnant rats. J Tradit Chin Med 27: 299–306

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen SP, Gao YH, Liu JL (2008) Effects of electroacupuncture at different acupoints on electrohysterogram in pregnant rats. Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion 28: 601–606 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheng XN (ed) (1990) Chinese acupuncture and moxibustion. (Revised Edn). Foreign Language Press. pp 2–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheng R, Pomeranz B (1980) Electroacupuncture elevates blood cortisol levels in naïve horses: Sham treatment has no effect. Int J Neurosci 10: 95–97

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chiang CY, Chang CT, Chu HL (1973) Peripheral afferent pathway for acupuncture analgesia. Sci Sin 16: 210–217

    Google Scholar 

  • Deng Y, Zeng T, Zhou Y, Guan X (1996a) The influence of electroacupuncture on the mast cells in the acupoints of the stomach meridian. Acupuncture Research 21(3): 68–70 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Deng Y, Fu Z, Dong H, Wu Q, Guan X (1996b) Effects of electroacupuncture on the subcutaneous mast cells of Zusanli acupoint in rat with unilateral sciatic nerve transection. Acupuncture Research 21(3): 46–49 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Department of Anatomy, Shanghai First Medical College (1973) The relationship between meridian-acupoints and the peripheral nerves. Selection of research articles on acupuncture anesthesia. Shanghai People’s Publishing House. Shanghai, China. pp 251–264 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dung HC (1984) Anatomical features contributing to the formation of acupuncture points. American J Acupuncture 12: 139–143

    Google Scholar 

  • Fung DTH, Chan SHH (1975) Electroacupuncture suppression of jaw depression reflex elicited by dentalgia in rabbits. Exp Neurol 47: 367–369

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fung SJ, Chan SHH (1976) Primary afferent depolarization evoked by electroacupuncture in the lumbar cord of the cat. Exp Neurol 52: 168–176

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gao HH (1987) Clinical trail of symmetry of electric resistance in meridians. Abstracts of acupuncture and moxibustion. p 218 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gao XY, Zhang SP, Zhu B, Zhang HQ (2008) Investigation of specificity of auricular acupuncture points in regulation of autonomic function in anesthetized rats. Auton Neurosci 138: 50–56

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gunn CC, Milbrandt WE (1977) Neurological mechanisms of needle grasp in acupuncture. American J Acupuncture 5: 115–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunn CC, Milbrandt WE (1980) Dry needling of muscle motor points for chronic low-back pain. Spine 5: 279–291

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Han CC (1996) Acupuncture: The past and the present. In: Hung KC (ed). Acupuncture pointshistological properties. Chapter 4. Vontage Press, New York. p 47

    Google Scholar 

  • Heine H (1988) Akupunkturtherapie-Perforationen der oberflach-lichen korperfaszie durch kutane Gefab-Nervenbundel. Therapeutikon, 4: 238–244

    Google Scholar 

  • Hou ZL (1986) Study on receptors of acupuncture sensation at body acupoints. Research of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Anaesthesia. Science: 313–318

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu PR, Zhao ZY (1980) Regional anatomical study on major acupoints at triple energy meridian of Hand-Shaoyang. Jinzhou Medical College (3): 1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu XL (1987) Primary report of line of meridian indexed by electric resistance on skin. Abstracts of Acupuncture and Moxibustion. p 213 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu X, Wu B, Wang P (1993) Displaying of meridian courses travelling over human body surface under natural conditions. Acupuncture Research 18(2): 83–89 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huang Y, Lai XS, Tang AW (2007) Comparative study of the specificities of needling acupoints DU20, DU26 and HT7 in intervening vascular dementia in different areas in the brain on the basis of scale assessment and cerebral functional imaging. Chin J Integr Med 13: 103–108

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huge JHT, Sun ZH, Chen SL, Ouyang WQ (2000) The primary afferent of acupuncture function. Progress of Animal Medicine 21(3): 31–34 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaffe L, Barker AT (1982) The glabrous epidermis of caies contains a powerful battery. Am J Physiol 242: R358–366

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang KC (1960) Anatomical observation of the relationship between the circulating position of twelve meridians as well as their acupoints and human body structures. Acta of Shanghai College of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1: 57 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jin BX, Lai XS, Tang CZ (2008) Progress in researches on the specificity of acupoints. Acupuncture Research 33: 135–138 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kelner Von G (1966) Bau und function der haut Deutsche Zeitschrift fur Akupuncture 15: 1–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Lai XS, Huang Y (2007) A cerebral functional definition on the specificity of acupoints, needling sensation and association of acupoints based on the “acupoints-brain relation hypothesis? Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion 27: 777–780 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Langevin HM, Yandow JA (2002) Relationship of acupuncture points and meridians to connective tissue planes. Anat Rec 269: 257–265

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Langevin HM, Churchill DL, Cipolla MJ (2001) Mechanical signaling through connective tissue: A mechanism for the therapeutic effect of acupuncture. FASEB 15: 2275–2282

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langevin HM, Churchill DL, Wu J, Badger GJ, Yandow JA, Fox JR, Krag MH (2002) Evidence of connective tissue involvement in acupuncture. FASEB 16: 872–874

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee MS, Jeong SY, Lee YH, Jeong DM, Eo YG, Ko SB (2005) Differences in electrical conduction properties between meridians and non-meridians. Am J Chin Med 33: 723–728

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lietz P, Schmidt R, Hosemann W, Pavlovic D, Gizhko V, Lehmann C, Wendt M, Usichenko TI (2008) Acupuncture of specific points influences cortical auditory evoked potentials— A volunteer crossover study. Acupunct Electrother Res 33: 1–8

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li ZR (ed) (2003) Experimental acupuncture science. The Traditional Chinese Medicine Press of China. Beijing (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Li L, Liu H, Li YZ, Xu JY, Shan BC, Gong D, Li KC, Tang XW (2008) The human brain response to acupuncture on same-meridian acupoints: evidence from an fMRI study. J Altern Complement Med 14: 673–678

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liao YY, Field J, Saito H (1979) Effect of acupuncture on adrenocortical hormone production: variation in the ability for adrenocortical hormone production in the relation to the duration of acupuncture stimulation. Am J Chin Med 7: 362–371

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, RJ, Gong QL, Li P (1991) Convergent inputs to neurons in the nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis in the cat. Neuroreport 2: 281–284

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lin WZ, Xu MH, Fan L (1994) The connecting function of the stomach meridian of foot-Yangming in the nerve network of spinal cord and brain stem. Shanghai J Acu-Mox 13: 225

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu F, Huang GY (2007) Advances of studies on the biophysical and biochemical properties of meridians. Acupuncture Research 32(4): 281–284 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu YK, Varela M, Osward R (1975) The correspondence between some motor point and acupuncture loci. Am J Chin Med 3: 347–358

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lu GW (1983) Characteristics of afferent fibre innervation on acupuncture point Zusanli. Am J Physiol 245: R606–R612

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lu XY (1987) Study on electric resistance measurements for meridians and acupoints. Abstracts of acupuncture and moxibustion. p 215

    Google Scholar 

  • Lu GW, Liang RZ, Xie JQ (1979) Analysis of peripheral afferent fibers on effect of acupuncture analgesia at Zusanli point. Science in China 22: 495–503 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lu GW, Liang RZ, Wang YN (1986) Analysis of peripheral afferent fibers on sensation of acupuncture at acupuncture points. Research for acupuncture and analgesia. Science Press: 340–347

    Google Scholar 

  • McCarroll GD, Rowley BA (1979) An investigation of the existence of electrically located acupuncture points. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 26: 177–181

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Melzack R (1975) Prolonged relief of pain by brief intense transcutaneous electrical stimulation. Pain 1: 357–373

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Melzack R, Wall PD (1965) Pain mechanism: a new theory. Science 150: 971–979

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nakazo W (1987) Morphological studies on acupoints and non-acupoints. Assembled abstracts of original articles of the 1st world meeting of the world association of the acupuncture society. p 110

    Google Scholar 

  • Pan CC (1979) Morphological studies on the “De-qi” tissues at acupoints on human body. The exchanged data of the academic symposium on acupuncture and anesthesia. p 75 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pan CC, Zhao AF (1986) Morphological study on acupuncture sensation of human acupoints. Research of Acupuncture Moxibustion and Anaesthesia. Science: 433–440

    Google Scholar 

  • Pomeranz B (1986) Effects of applied DC fields on sensory nerve sprouting and motor-nerve regeneration in adult rats. In: Nuccitelli R (ed) Ionic currents in development. Liss, New York, pp 251–258

    Google Scholar 

  • Pomeranz B, Chiu D (1976) Naloxone blocks acupuncture analgesia and causes hyperalgesia: endorphin is implicated. Life Sci 19: 1757–1762

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Popov VI, Rogachevskĭ VV, Gapeev AB, Khramov RN, Fesenko EE (2001) Degranulation of skin mast cells caused by high frequency electromagnetic irradiation of low intensity. Biofizika 46: 1096–1102

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Qiu PR, Chen HP (1992) New edited Chinese acupuncture and moxibustion. The Press of Shanghai Science and Technique, Shanghai. pp 1019–1024 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shi ZL (1962) The relationship between acupoints and vessel & nerve in whole body. Abstracts of original articles of the biennial meeting of the Chinese society for anatomy. p 35 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shi X, Zhang Q (1996) Dynamic study of tissues and structures in “de-qi” acupoint. Acupuncture Research 21(3): 60–62 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stacher G, Wancura I (1975) Effect of acupuncture on pain threshold and pain tolerance determined by electrical stimulation of the skin: a controlled study. Am J Chin Med 3: 143–146

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stux G, Pomeranz B (1988) Basics of acupuncture. Sptinger-Verlag, Berlin. pp 25–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun ZA, Hu G, Zhao HY (2002) Survey of study on acupoint morphology in recent years. Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion 21(1): 64–65 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Takashige C (1985) Differentiation between acupuncture and non-acupuncture points by association with an analgesia inhibitory system. Acupunct Electrother Res 10: 195–203

    Google Scholar 

  • Tao ZL (1989) The progress of the morphological research of the acupoint. Acupuncture Research 14(4): 397–402 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tao ZL, Zhang JJ (1993) Afferent neurons of the heart-cardiac nerve-and projection of the cardiac nerve to the central nervous system. Acupuncture Research 18(4): 257–261 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tao ZL, Li RW (1993) Qimen point-H Taichong H point in the Spinal Ganglion. Acupuncture Research 18(3): 228–231 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tao ZL, Ren WQ (1994) The mechanisms of acupuncture of the “Guanyuanshu” (BL 26), “Pongguangshu” (BL 28) Points in treatment of the urological system-The segmental distribution and connection of afferent neurons of urinary bladder, “Guanyuanshu”, “Pangguangshu” points in the spinal ganglion and spinal cord. Acupuncture Research 19(3–4): 66–67 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tao ZL, Ren WQ (1995) The segmental distribution and connection of afferent neurons of urinary bladder, “Guanyuanshu”, “Pangguangshu” points in the spinal ganglion and spinal cord. Acupuncture Research 20(4): 17–21 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tao ZL, Jin ZG, Ren WQ (1991) Neurons of the “Ganshu”, “Pishu”, “Liangmen”, “Qimen” points and the Gallbladder. Acupuncture Research 16(1): 61–65 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Toda K, Ichioka M (1978) Electroacupuncture: relations between forelimb afferent impulses and suppression of jaw opening reflex in the rat. Exp Neurol 61: 465–470

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tseng LF, Chang LT (1958) Electrical conductance and temperature of the cutaneous acupuncture points: a study of normal readings and bodily distributions. J Trad Chin Med 12: 559–563 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang K, Yao S, Xian Y (1985) A study in the receptive field of acupoints and the relationship between characteristics of needle sensation and groups of afferent bifres. Sci Sin 28: 863–971

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu SL (1979) Morphological observation on the position of “De-qi” at acupoints on human body. Acupuncture Anaesthesia 2: 69

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu B, Hu X, Xu J, Yang B, Li W, Li B (1993) Localization of the meridian track over body surface by the method of blocking the acupuncture effect with mechanical pressure. Acupuncture Research 18(2): 128–131, 114 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wu HG, Yao W, Zhou EH, Dong GR, Zuo CT, Liu HR (2007) Remarks on the research of specificities of acupoints. Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion 27(1): 59–62 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xiao ML (1959) The investigation on the essence of the musculature of the twelve meridians. Edited documents of the Chinese academic symposium on acupuncture and meridian. The Press of the Public Health of people. p 25 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Xie HR (2008) Discussion on the Qi-passage of meridian-collateral system. Acupuncture Research 33(3): 142–144 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xie HR, Li FC, Ma XS (2007) Discussion on the essence of meridian-collateral system. Acupuncture Research 32(3): 210–213 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xu RM (1987) Studies on experimental orientation of Pericardium meridian of hand jueyin on body surface and their characters of lower impedance and higher vibrating sound. Abstracts of Acupuncture and Moxibustion. p 214

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu JS, Hu XL, Wang PQ, Ye L, Yang J (2005) Comparison of the thermal conductivity of the related tissues along the meridian and the non-meridian. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion 25: 477–482 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yan ZG (ed) (1988) Anatomical basis of usually used acupoints. Publishing house of Shanghai university of traditional Chinese medicine, Shanghai. pp 21, 39, 117–122 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang YM, Wang PP (1986) Morphological observation on the effect of acupuncture on mast cells at the zusanli point. Acupuncture Resaerch 11: 298–302 (in Chinese)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu AS, Zhao YX, Li XL (1996a) Morphological research in Neiguan (PC-6)’s three-dimensional structure. Shanghai J Acu-Mox 15: 30–31 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu AS, Zhao YX, Yan ZG (1996b) Observation of microstructure of Acupoint of Sanyinjiao. Acupuncture Research 21(2): 36–38

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zaslawski CJ, Cobbin D, Lidums E, Petocz P (2003) The impact of site specificity and needle manipulation on changes to pain pressure threshold following manual acupuncture: a controlled study. Complement Ther Med 11: 11–21

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zeng ZL (1958) Studies on determination of electric conduction and normal value of temperature at acupoints on skin as well as their distribution. Shanghai J Tradit Chin Med 12: 33 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang EQ (ed) (1990) Chinese acupuncture and moxibustion in a practical English-Chinese library of traditional Chinese medicine. Publishing house of Shanghai university of traditional Chinese medicine, Shanghai. Introduction and Chapter 1. pp 2–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang WT, Jin Z, Luo F, Zhang L, Zeng YW, Han JS (2004) Evidence from brain imaging with fMRI supporting functional specificity of acupoints in humans. Neurosci Lett 354: 50–53

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang D, Ding GH, Shen XY, Yao W, Zhang ZY, Zhang YQ, Lin JY (2007a) Influence of mast cell function on the analgesic effect of acupuncture of “Zusanli” (ST 36) in rats. Acupuncture Research 32(3): 147–152 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang JH, Cao XD, Lie J, Tang WJ, Liu HQ, Fenga XY (2007b) Neuronal specificity of needling acupoints at same meridian: a control functional magnetic resonance imaging study with electroacupuncture. Acupunct Electrother Res 32: 179–193

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang XY, Zhang TS, Wang HJ, Ji LX (2007c) Survey on the relationship between pathological reactions of acupoints and Zangfu organs/meridians. Acupuncture Research 32(5): 355–358 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang XY, Gao S, Zhao JG, Cai L, Pang JP, Lu MX (2007d) PET study of effects of combination of different points on glucose metabolism in the patient of cerebral infarction. Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion 27: 26–30 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang D, Ding G, Shen X, Yao W, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Lin J, Gu Q (2008) Role of mast cells in acupuncture effect: a pilot study. Explore (NY) 4(3): 170–177

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao JS (edited), Li ZG (translated) (2002) Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibusion. Publishing House of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China

    Google Scholar 

  • Zheng CH, Zhang MM, Huang GY (2005) A new way for study of meridian essence. Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion 25(10): 705–708 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou F, Guo JC, Cheng JS, Wu GC, Xia Y (2007) Electro-acupuncture and brain protection from cerebral ischemia: Differential roles of acupoints. In: Proceedings of the 3rd World Conference on Stress, Cell Stress Chaperones online 12: 5B_02_P

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhu B (1998) Scientific foundations of acupuncture and moxibustion. Qingdao Press. Qingdao. (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhu Z, Xu R (1990) Morphometric observation on the mast cells under the acupuncture meridian lines. Acupuncture Research 15(2): 157–158 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shanghai Research Center for Acupuncture and Meridians, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China

    Fei Zhou &  YingXia

  2. Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China

    Dengkai Huang

  3. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    YingXia

Authors
  1. Fei Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dengkai Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. YingXia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to YingXia .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA

    Ying Xia

  2. State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China

    Xiaoding Cao , Gencheng Wu  & Jieshi Cheng ,  & 

  3. Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China

    Xiaoding Cao , Gencheng Wu  & Jieshi Cheng ,  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Tsinghua University Press, Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Zhou, F., Huang, D., YingXia (2010). Neuroanatomic Basis of Acupuncture Points. In: Xia, Y., Cao, X., Wu, G., Cheng, J. (eds) Acupuncture Therapy for Neurological Diseases. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10857-0_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10857-0_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-10855-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-10857-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation