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Thallium Isotopes and Their Application to Problems in Earth and Environmental Science

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Handbook of Environmental Isotope Geochemistry

Part of the book series: Advances in Isotope Geochemistry ((ADISOTOPE))

Abstract

This paper presents an account of the advances that have been made to date on the terrestrial stable isotope geochemistry of thallium (Tl). High precision measurements of Tl isotope ratios were only developed in the late 1990s with the advent of MC-ICP-MS and therefore we currently only have limited knowledge of the isotopic behavior of this element. Studies have revealed that Tl isotopes, despite their heavy masses of 203 and 205 atomic mass units, can fractionate substantially, especially in the marine environment. The most fractionated reservoirs identified are ferromanganese sediments and low temperature altered of oceanic crust. These display a total isotope variation of about 35 ε205Tl-units, which is over 50 times the analytical reproducibility of the measurement technique. The isotopic variation can be explained by invoking a combination of conventional mass dependent equilibrium isotope effects and the nuclear field shift isotope fractionation, but the specific mechanisms are still largely unaccounted for.

Thallium isotopes have been applied to investigate paleoceanographic processes in the Cenozoic and there is some evidence to suggest that Tl isotopes may be utilized as a monitor of Fe and Mn supply to the water column over million year time scales. In addition, Tl isotopes can be used to calculate the magnitude of hydrothermal fluid circulation through ocean crust. Such calculations can be performed both for high and low temperature fluids. Lastly, it has been shown that marine ferromanganese sediments can be detected in mantle-derived basalts with Tl isotopes (Nature 439:314–317), which confirms that marine sediments subducted at convergent plate margins can be recycled to the surface possibly via mantle plumes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 02543, Woods Hole, MA, USA

    Sune G. Nielsen

  2. Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK

    Mark Rehkämper

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  1. Dept. Geology, Wayne State University, Detroit, 48202, Michigan, USA

    Mark Baskaran

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Nielsen, S.G., Rehkämper, M. (2012). Thallium Isotopes and Their Application to Problems in Earth and Environmental Science. In: Baskaran, M. (eds) Handbook of Environmental Isotope Geochemistry. Advances in Isotope Geochemistry. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10637-8_13

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