Classification
This chapter arranges cortical malformations according to the earliest embryological stage in which the abnormality has its origin. Yet, this is an artificial distinction since the stages of cortical development overlap in time and lack discrete boundaries. Moreover, some gene defects exert influence in more than one developmental stage. Thus, the classification system presented here will undoubtedly be modified as understanding of these conditions evolves.
Overview of Embryology
The brain and spinal cord form from the dorsal aspect of the embryo in the third and fourth weeks of gestation through neurulation, the process of neural tube formation. In the fifth and sixth weeks, prosencephalic development, the process by which the brain takes shape, begins. Cortical formation in humans spans weeks 8–24 of gestation and can be divided into stages of cell proliferation (both neural and glial precursor cells are formed), neuronal migration (cells travel to their designated...
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Gaitanis, J.N. (2012). Congenital Brain Malformations and Hydrocephalus. In: Elzouki, A.Y., Harfi, H.A., Nazer, H.M., Stapleton, F.B., Oh, W., Whitley, R.J. (eds) Textbook of Clinical Pediatrics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02202-9_359
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