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Clinical Evaluation of Acute Kidney Injury in Children

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Pediatric Nephrology

Abstract

The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) (previously called acute renal failure) has increased over the past several years and AKI leads to substantial morbidity and a high mortality rate (1–4). The epidemiology of AKI has changed to multifactorial causes particularly in hospitalized patient and many forms of AKI such as ischemic/hypoxic AKI which were thought to be reversible are now known to be significant contributors to chronic kidney disease (CKD) (1–4). There are many causes of AKI and the more common etiologies are listed in Table 65‐1 . Some diseases, such as the tumor lysis syndrome, drug-induced interstitial nephritis, aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity, and other toxic nephropathies, usually present as AKI and recovery is usually complete while other diseases, such as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN), may present as AKI but rapidly evolve into chronic kidney disease (CKD). Several renal diseases, such as the hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), Henoch-Schönlein purpura, and obstructive uropathy with associated renal dysplasia, may present as AKI with improvement of renal function to normal or near-normal levels, but the child’s renal function may slowly deteriorate, leading to CKD several months to years later.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Indians University Medical Center Division of Nephrology, Riley Research Room 234 699 West Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46077, USA

    Sharon P. Andreoli

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  1. Sharon P. Andreoli
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Medical College of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, USA

    Ellis Avner (Director, Children's Research Institute, CHHS, Associate Dean for Research, Professor of Pediatrics and Physiology) (Director, Children's Research Institute, CHHS, Associate Dean for Research, Professor of Pediatrics and Physiology)

  2. Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA

    William Harmon (Professor of Pediatrics, Director, Pediatric Nephrology) (Professor of Pediatrics, Director, Pediatric Nephrology)

  3. Service de Néphrologie Pédiatrique Centre de référence des Maladies Rénales Héréditaires de l'Enfant et de l'Adulte (MARHEA), Hôpital Necker‐Enfants Malades, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75743, Paris Cedex 15, France

    Patrick Niaudet

  4. Department of Pediatrics Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama Medical University Hospital, 641–8510811–1, Kimiidera, Wakayama City, Japan

    Norishige Yoshikawa (Professor and Chair Pediatrician‐in‐Chief) (Professor and Chair Pediatrician‐in‐Chief)

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© 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Andreoli, S.P. (2009). Clinical Evaluation of Acute Kidney Injury in Children. In: Avner, E., Harmon, W., Niaudet, P., Yoshikawa, N. (eds) Pediatric Nephrology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76341-3_65

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76341-3_65

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-76327-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-76341-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine

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