Skip to main content

Classification of Electrochemically Active Polymers

  • Chapter
Conducting Polymers

Part of the book series: Monographs in Electrochemistry ((MOEC))

  • 2615 Accesses

Abstract

Conducting polymers can be classified into several categories according to the mode of charge propagation (insulating polymers are not considered here, except for those with variable conductivity), which is connected to the chemical structure of the polymer. The two main categories are electron-conducting polymers and proton (ion)-conducting polymers. We will focus on electron-conducting polymers here. Two main classes of electron-conducting polymers—redox polymers and electronically conducting polymers—can be distinguished based on the mode of electron transport. In this chapter we give examples of the various types of electron-conducting polymers, listing some of the most typical and widely studied, as well as several new and interesting representatives of this class of materials. Sections are also devoted to combinations, such as electronically conducting polymers containing redox functionalities and copolymers. Composites are briefly discussed too.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Bácskai J, Inzelt G (1991) J Electroanal Chem 310:379

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Day RW, Inzelt G, Kinstle JF, Chambers JQ (1982) J Am Chem Soc 104:6804

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Inzelt G (1989) Electrochim Acta 34:83

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Inzelt G (1990) J Electroanal Chem 287:171

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Inzelt G, Bácskai J (1991) J Electroanal Chem 308:255

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Inzelt G, Chambers JQ (1989) J Electroanal Chem 266:265

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Inzelt G, Chambers JQ, Bácskai J, Day RW (1986) J Electroanal Chem 201:301

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Inzelt G, Chambers JQ, Day RW (1986) Acta Chim Acad Sci Hung 123:137

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Inzelt G, Chambers JQ, Kinstle JF, Day RW (1984) J Am Chem Soc 106:3396

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Inzelt G, Chambers JQ, Kinstle JF, Day RW, Lange MA (1984) Anal Chem 56:301

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Inzelt G, Day RW, Kinstle JF, Chambers JQ (1983) J Phys Chem 87:4592

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Inzelt G, Day RW, Kinstle JF, Chambers JQ (1984) J Electroanal Chem 161:147

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Inzelt G, Horányi G (1989) J Electrochem Soc 136:1747

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Inzelt G, Horányi G, Chambers JQ (1987) Electrochim Acta 32:757

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Inzelt G, Horányi G, Chambers JQ, Day RW (1987) J Electroanal Chem 218:297

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Inzelt G, Láng G (1991) Electrochim Acta 36:1355

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Inzelt G, SzabĂł L, Chambers JQ, Day RW (1988) J Electroanal Chem 242:265

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Joo P, Chambers JQ (1985) J Electrochem Soc 132:1345

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Karimi M, Chambers JQ (1987) J Electroanal Chem 217:313

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Láng G, Bácskai J, Inzelt G (1993) Electrochim Acta 38:773

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Láng G, Inzelt G (1991) Electrochim Acta 36:847

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Bookbinder DC, Wrighton MS (1980) J Am Chem Soc 102:5123

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Mortimer RJ, Anson FC (1982) J Electroanal Chem 138:325

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Oyama N, Ohsaka T, Yamamoto H, Kaneko M (1986) J Phys Chem 90:3850

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Oyama N, Oki N, Ohno H, Ohnuki Y, Matsuda H, Tsuchida E (1983) J Phys Chem 87:3642

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Tsou YM, Lin HY, Bard AJ (1988) J Electrochem Soc 135:1669

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Chambers JQ, Kaufman FB, Nichols KH (1982) J Electroanal Chem 142:277

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Inzelt G, Chambers JQ, Kaufman FB (1983) J Electroanal Chem 159:443

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Kaufman FB, Schroeder AH, Engler EM, Kramer SR, Chambers JQ (1980) J Am Chem Soc 102:483

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Schroeder AH, Kaufman FB (1980) J Electroanal Chem 113:209

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Schroeder AH, Kaufman FB, Patel V, Engler EM (1980) J Electroanal Chem 113:193

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Degrand C, Miller LL (1982) J Electroanal Chem 132:163

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Fukui M, Kitani A, Degrand C, Miller LL (1982) J Am Chem Soc 104:28

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Funt BL, Hoang PM (1983) J Electroanal Chem 154:229

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Hoang PM, Holdcroft S, Funt BL (1985) J Electrochem Soc 132:2129

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Degrand C (1984) J Electroanal Chem 169:259

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Degrand C, Miller LL (1981) J Electroanal Chem 117:267

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Pham MC, Dubois JE (1986) J Electroanal Chem 199:153

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Bandey HL, Gonsalves M, Hillman AR, Glidle A, Bruckenstein S (1996) J Electroanal Chem 410:219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Barbero C, Calvo EJ, Etchenique R, Morales GM, Otero M (2000) Electrochim Acta 45:3895

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Barbero C, Miras MC, Calvo EJ, Kötz R, Haas O (2002) Langmuir 18:2756

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Bowden EF, Dautartas MF, Evans JF (1987) J Electroanal Chem 219:46

    Google Scholar 

  43. Bowden EF, Dautartas MF, Evans JF (1987) J Electroanal Chem 219:91

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Bruckenstein S, Jureviciute I, Hillman AR (2003) J Electrochem Soc 150:E285

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Chambers JQ, Inzelt G (1985) Anal Chem 57:1117

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Daum P, Lenhard JR, Rolison DR, Murray RW (1980) J Am Chem Soc 102:4649

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Daum P, Murray RW (1981) J Phys Chem 85:389

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Fan FRF, Mirkin MV, Bard AJ (1994) J Phys Chem 98:1475

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Gülce H, Özyörük H, Celebi SS, Yildiz A (1995) J Electroanal Chem 394:63

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Gülce H, Özyörük H, Yldiz A (1995) Electroanalysis 7:178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Hillman AR, Hughes NA, Bruckenstein S (1992) J Electrochem Soc 139:74

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Hillman AR, Loveday DC, Bruckenstein S (1989) J Electroanal Chem 274:157

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Hillman AR, Loveday DC, Bruckenstein S (1991) J Electroanal Chem 300:67

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Hillman AR, Loveday DC, Bruckenstein S (1991) Langmuir 7:191

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Tanaki T, Yamaguchi T (2006) Ind Eng Chem Res 45:3050

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Hillman AR, Loveday DC, Swann MJ, Eales RM, Hamnett A, Higgins SJ, Bruckenstein S, Wilde CP (1989) Faraday Disc Chem Soc 88:151

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Inzelt G, Bácskai J (1992) Electrochim Acta 37:647

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Inzelt G, Horányi G (1986) J Electroanal Chem 200:405

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Inzelt G, SzabĂł L (1989) Acta Chim Hung 126:67

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Hagemeister MP, White HS (1987) J Phys Chem 91:150

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Inzelt G, Láng G (1994) J Electroanal Chem 378:39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Inzelt G, SzabĂł L (1986) Electrochim Acta 31:1381

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Issa TB, Singh P, Baker V (2005) J Power Sources 140:388

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Ju H, Leech D (1997) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 93:1371

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Kawai T, Iwakura C, Yoneyama H (1989) Electrochim Acta 34:1357

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Merz A, Bard AJ (1978) J Am Chem Soc 100:3222

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Leddy J, Bard AJ (1985) J Electroanal Chem 189:203

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Nakahama S, Murray RW (1983) J Electroanal Chem 158:303

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Peerce PJ, Bard AJ (1980) J Electroanal Chem 114:89

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Robinson KL, Lawrence NS (2006) Electrochem Commun 8:1055

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Sathe M, Yu L, Mo Y, Zeng X (2005) J Electrochem Soc 152:E94

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Sljukic B, Banks CE, Salter C, Crossley A, Compton RG (2006) Analyst 131:670

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Smith TW, Kuder JF, Wychnick D (1976) J Polym Sci 14:2433

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Varineau PT, Buttry DA (1987) J Phys Chem 91:1292

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Yu L, Sathe M, Zeng X (2005) J Electrochem Soc 152:E357

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Clarke AP, Vos JG, Hillman AR, Glidle A (1995) J Electroanal Chem 389:129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Dalton EF, Murray RW (1991) J Phys Chem 95:6383

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Forster RJ, Vos JG (1991) J Electroanal Chem 314:135

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Forster RJ, Vos JG (1992) Electrochim Acta 37:159

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Forster RJ, Vos JG (1992) J Electrochem Soc 139:1503

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Gabrielli C, Haas O, Takenouti H (1987) J Appl Electrochem 17:82

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Gabrielli C, Takenouti H, Haas O, Tsukada A (1991) J Electroanal Chem 302:59

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Pickup PG, Kutner W, Leider CR, Murray RW (1984) J Am Chem Soc 106:1991

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Lyons MEG (ed) (1996) Electroactive polymer electrochemistry, part II. Plenum, New York

    Google Scholar 

  85. Anson FC, Blauch DN, Saveant JM, Shu CF (1991) J Am Chem Soc 113:1922

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Buttry DA, Anson FC (1981) J Electroanal Chem 130:333

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Hu C, Yuan S, Hu S (2006) Electrochim Acta 51:3013

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Conolly DJ, Gresham WJ (1966) US Patent 3 (282) 875

    Google Scholar 

  89. Ezzell BR, Carl WP, Mod WA (1982) US Patent 4 (358) 412

    Google Scholar 

  90. Gaudiello JG, Ghosh PK, Bard AJ (1985) J Am Chem Soc 107:3027

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Grot W (1978) Chem Ing Tech 50:299

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. He P, Chen X (1988) J Electroanal Chem 256:353

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Hodges AM, Johansen O, Loder JW, Mau AWH, Rabani J, Sasse WHF (1991) J Phys Chem 95:5966

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Kinoshita K, Yagi M, Kaneko M (1999) Electrochim Acta 44:1771

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Komura T, Niu GY, Yamaguchi T, Asamo M (2003) Electrochim Acta 48:631

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Leddy J, Bard AJ (1985) J Electroanal Chem 189:203

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Lu Z, Dong S (1988) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 84:2979

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Rubinstein I (1985) J Electroanal Chem 188:227

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Rubinstein I, Risphon J, Gottesfeld S (1986) J Electrochem Soc 133:729

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Sharp M, Lindholm B, Lind EL (1989) J Electroanal Chem 274:35

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. White HS, Leddy J, Bard AJ (1982) J Am Chem Soc 104:4811

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Yagi M, Kinoshita K, Kaneko M (1999) Electrochim Acta 44:2245

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Yagi M, Mitsumoto T, Kaneko M (1998) J Electroanal Chem 448:131

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Yagi M, Yamase K, Kaneko M (1999) J Electroanal Chem 476:159

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Zhang J, Zhao F, Abe T, Kaneko M (1999) Electrochim Acta 45:399

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Lieder M, Schläpfer CW (1996) J Electroanal Chem 41:87

    Article  Google Scholar 

  107. Chen X, He P, Faulkner LR (1987) J Electroanal Chem 222:223

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Jones ETT, Faulkner LR (1987) J Electroanal Chem 222:201

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Lange R, Doblhofer K, Storck W (1988) Electrochim Acta 33:385

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Lee C, Anson FC (1992) Anal Chem 64:528

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Majda M, Faulkner LR (1982) J Electroanal Chem 137:149

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Majda M, Faulkner LR (1984) J Electroanal Chem 169:97

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Ohsaka T, Oyama N, Sato K, Matsuda H (1985) J Electrochem Soc 132:1871

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Abruna HD (1988) Coord Chem Rev 86:135

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Armstrong RD, Lindholm B, Sharp M (1986) J Electroanal Chem 202:69

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Doblhofer K, Braun H, Lange R (1986) J Electroanal Chem 206:93

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Doblhofer K, Lange R (1987) J Electroanal Chem 216:241

    Article  Google Scholar 

  118. Doblhofer K, Lange R (1987) J Electroanal Chem 229:239

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Inoue T, Anson FC (1987) J Phys Chem 91:1519

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Lindholm B (1990) J Electroanal Chem 289:85

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Lindholm B, Sharp M, Armstrong RD (1987) J Electroanal Chem 235:169

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Niwa K, Doblhofer K (1986) Electrochim Acta 31:549

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Oh SM, Faulkner LR (1989) J Electroanal Chem 269:77

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Oyama N, Anson FC (1980) J Electrochem Soc 127:640

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Oyama N, Ohsaka T, Kaneko M, Sato K, Matsuda H (1983) J Am Chem Soc 105:6003

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Oyama N, Yamaguchi S, Nishiki Y, Tokuda K, Anson FC (1982) J Electroanal Chem 139:371

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Shigehara K, Oyama N, Anson FC (1981) Inorg Chem 20:518

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Abrantes LM, Correia JP, Savic M, Jin G (2001) Electrochim Acta 46:3181

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Albuquerque Maranhao SL, Torresi RM (1999) Electrochim Acta 44:1879

    Article  Google Scholar 

  130. Albuquerque Maranhao SL, Torresi RM (1999) J Electrochem Soc 146:4179

    Article  Google Scholar 

  131. Amman E, Beuret C, Indermühle PF, Kötz R, de Rooij NF, Siegenthaler H (2001) Electrochim Acta 47:327

    Article  Google Scholar 

  132. Andrade EM, Molina FV, Posadas D, Florit MI (2005) J Electrochem Soc 152:E75

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Mazeikiene R, Malinauskas A (1996) ACH Models Chem 133:471

    Google Scholar 

  134. Andrieux CP, Audebert P, Hapiot P, Nechtschein M, Odin C (1991) J Electroanal Chem 305:153

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Angelopoulos M, Patel N, Shaw JM, Labianca NC, Rishton S (1993) J Vac Sci Technol B11:2794

    Google Scholar 

  136. Antonel PS, Molina FV, Andrade EM (2007) J Electroanal Chem 599:52

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Aoki K, Cao J, Hoshino Y (1994) Electrochim Acta 39:2291

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Aoki K, Edo T, Cao (1998) J Electrochim Acta 43:285

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Aoki K, Kawase M (1994) J Electroanal Chem 377:125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Aoki K, Teragashi Y, Tokieda M (1999) J Electroanal Chem 460:254

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Arsov LD (1998) J Solid State Electrochem 2:266

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Asturias GE, Jang GW, MacDiarmid AG, Doblhofer K, Zhong C (1991) Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem 95:1381

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Bácskai J, Kertész V, Inzelt G (1993) Electrochim Acta 38:393

    Article  Google Scholar 

  144. Bade K, Tsakova V, Schultze JW (1992) Electrochim Acta 37:2255

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Inzelt G, Láng G, Kertész V, Bácskai J (1993) Electrochim Acta 38:2503

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Barbero C, Kötz R (1994) J Electrochem Soc 141:859

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Barbero C, Miras MC, Haas O, Kötz R (1991) J Electrochem Soc 138:669

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Barsukov VZ, Chivikov S (1996) Electrochim Acta 41:1773

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Bartlett PN, Wang JH (1996) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 92:4137

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Bauerman LP, Bartlett PN (2005) Electrochim Acta 50:1537

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Bernard MC, Hugot-Le Goff A (1994) J Electrochem Soc 141:2682

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Bernard MC, Hugot-Le Goff A (2006) Electrochim Acta 52:595

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Bernard MC, Hugot-Le Goff A (2006) Electrochim Acta 52:728

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Bessiere A, Duhamel C, Badot JC, Lucas V, Certiat MC (2004) Electrochim Acta 49:2051

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Biaggio SR, Oliveira CLF, Aguirre MJ, Zagal JG (1994) J Appl Electrochem 24:1059

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Bonell DA, Angelopoulos M (1989) Synth Met 33:301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  157. Brandl V, Holze R (1998) Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem 102:1032

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Brett CMA, Thiemann C (2002) J Electroanal Chem 538–539:215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  159. Brett CMA, Oliveira Brett AMCF, Pereira JLC, Rebelo C (1993) J Appl Electrochem 23:332

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Cordoba-Torresi S, Gabrielli C, Keddam M, Takenouti H, Torresi R (1990) J Electroanal Chem 290:269

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. Carlin CM, Kepley LJ, Bard AJ (1986) J Electrochem Soc 132:353

    Article  Google Scholar 

  162. Xu K, Zhu L, Wu Y, Tang H (2006) Electrochim Acta 51:3986

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. Chen WC, Wen TC, Gopalan A (2002) Electrochim Acta 47:4195

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Chen WC, Wen TC, Gopalan A (2002) Synth Met 130:61

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. Chen WC, Wen TC, Hu CC, Gopalan A (2002) Electrochim Acta 47:1305

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. Chen WC, Wen TC, Teng H (2003) Electrochim Acta 48:641

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. Mohamoud MA, Hillman AR (2007) J Solid State Electrochem 11:1043

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. Choi SJ, Park SM (2002) J Electrochem Soc 149:E26

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. Cook A, Gabriel A, Laycock N (2004) J Electrochem Soc 151:B529

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Cruz CMGS, Ticianelli EA (1997) J Electroanal Chem 428:185

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. CsahĂłk E, Vieil E, Inzelt G (2000) J Electroanal Chem 482:168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  172. Cushman RJ, McManus PM, Yang SC (1986) J Electroanal Chem 291:335

    Google Scholar 

  173. Daifuku H, Kawagoe T, Yamamoto N, Ohsaka T, Oyama N (1989) J Electroanal Chem 274:313

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. Daikhin LI, Levi MD (1992) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 88:1023

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. de Mello JV, Bello ME, de Azeredo WM, de Souza JM, Diniz FB (1999) Electrochim Acta 44:2405

    Article  Google Scholar 

  176. de Surville R, Jozefowicz M, Yu LT, Perichon J, Buvet R (1968) Electrochim Acta 13:1451

    Article  Google Scholar 

  177. Palys B, Celuch P (2006) Electrochim Acta 51:4115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. Tallman DE, Pae Y, Bierwagen GP (1999) Corrosion 55:779

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  179. Desilvestro J, Haas O (1991) Electrochim Acta 36:361

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  180. Desilvestro J, Scheifele W (1993) J Mater Chem 3:263

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. Desilvestro J, Scheifele W, Haas O (1992) J Electrochem Soc 139:2727

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. Deslouis C, Musiani MM, Tribollet B (1994) J Phys Chem 98:2936

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  183. Deslouis C, Musiani MM, Tribollet B, Vorotyntsev MA (1995) J Electrochem Soc 142:1902

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. Diaz AF, Logan JA (1980) J Electroanal Chem 111:111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  185. Dinh HN, Birss VI (2000) J Electrochem Soc 147:3775

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  186. Dinh HN, Vanysek P, Birss VI (1999) J Electrochem Soc 146:3324

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  187. Doubova L, Fabrizio N, Mengoli G, Valcher S (1990) Electrochim Acta 35:1425

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  188. Doubova L, Mengoli G, Musiani MM, Valcher S (1989) Electrochim Acta 34:337

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  189. Dunsch L (1975) J Prakt Chem 317:409

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. Efremova A, Regis A, Arsov L (1994) Electrochim Acta 39:839

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  191. Epstein AJ, MacDiarmid AG (1991) Synth Met 41–43:601

    Article  Google Scholar 

  192. Focke WW, Wnek GE, Wei Y (1987) J Phys Chem 91:5813

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. Fraouna K, Delamar M, Andrieux CP (1996) J Electroanal Chem 418:109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  194. Funtikov AM, Levi MD, Vereta VV (1994) Electrochim Acta 39:173

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  195. Gabrielli C, Keddam M, Nadi N, Perrot H (1999) Electrochim Acta 44:2095

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  196. Gabrielli C, Keddam M, Nadi N, Perrot H (2000) J Electroanal Chem 485:101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  197. Inzelt G, Csahók E, Kertész V (2001) Electrochim Acta 46:3955

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  198. Gabrielli C, Keddam M, Perrot H, Pham MC, Torresi R (1999) Electrochim Acta 44:4217

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  199. Genies EM, Lapkowski M (1987) Synth Met 21:199

    Google Scholar 

  200. Genies EM, Lapkowski M (1988) Synth Met 24:61

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  201. Genies EM, Penneau JF, Lapkowski M (1989) J Electroanal Chem 260:145

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  202. Genies EM, Penneau JF, Lapkowski M, Boyle A (1989) J Electroanal Chem 269:63

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  203. Genies EM, Penneau JF, Vieil E (1990) J Electroanal Chem 283:205

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  204. Gholamian M, Contractor AQ (1988) J Electroanal Chem 252:291

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  205. Giz MJ, de Albuquerque Maranhao SL, Torresi RM (2000) Electrochem Commun 2:377

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  206. Glarum SH, Marshall JH (1987) J Electrochem Soc 134:142

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  207. Glarum SH, Marshall JH (1987) J Electrochem Soc 134:2160

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  208. Greef R, Kalaji M, Peter LM (1989) Faraday Disc Chem Soc 88:277

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  209. Haas O, Rudnicki J, McLarnon FR, Cairns EJ (1991) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 87:939

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  210. Hao Q, Kulikov V, Mirsky VM (2003) Sensor Actuat B 94:352

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  211. Hillman AR, Mohamoud MA (2006) Electrochim Acta 51:6018

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  212. Holze R (1987) J Electroanal Chem 224:253

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  213. Horányi G, Inzelt G (1988) Electrochim Acta 33:947

    Article  Google Scholar 

  214. Horányi G, Inzelt G (1988) J Electroanal Chem 257:311

    Article  Google Scholar 

  215. Horányi G, Inzelt G (1989) J Electroanal Chem 264:259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  216. Huang WS, Humprey BD, MacDiarmid AG (1986) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 82:2385

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  217. Hwang RJ, Santhanan R, Wu CR, Tsai YW (2001) J Solid State Electrochem 5:280

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  218. Inzelt G (1990) J Electroanal Chem 279:169

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  219. Inzelt G (2000) Electrochim Acta 45:3865

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  220. Inzelt G, Horányi G (1990) Electrochim Acta 35:27

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  221. Inzelt G, Puskás Z (2006) J Solid State Electrochem 10:125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  222. Ivanov S, Tsakova V (2000) Electrochim Acta 49:913

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  223. Janda P, Weber J (1991) J Electroanal Chem 300:119

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  224. Jannakoudakis AD, Jannakoudakis PD, Pagalos N, Theodoridou E (1993) Electrochim Acta 38:1559

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  225. Javadi HHS, Zuo F, Cromack KR, Angelopoulos M, MacDiarmid AG, Epstein AJ (1989) Synth Met 29:E409

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  226. Jiang Z, Zhang X, Xiang Y (1993) J Electroanal Chem 351:321

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  227. Kalaji M, Nyholm L, Peter LM (1991) J Electroanal Chem 313:271

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  228. Kalaji M, Nyholm L, Peter LM (1992) J Electroanal Chem 325:269

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  229. Kalaji M, Peter LM (1991) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 87:853

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  230. Kalaji M, Peter LM, Abrantes LM, Mesquita JC (1989) J Electroanal Chem 274:289

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  231. Kanamura K, Kawai Y, Yonezawa S, Takehara Z (1994) J Phys Chem 98:13011

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  232. Kanamura K, Kawai Y, Yonezawa S, Takehara Z (1995) J Electrochem Soc 142:2894

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  233. Kazarinov VE, Andreev VN, Spytsin MA, Shlepakov AV (1990) Electrochim Acta 35:899

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  234. Mandic Z, Duic Lj, Kovacicek (1997) Electrochim Acta 42:1389

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  235. Kessler T, Castro Luna AM (2003) J Solid State Electrochem 7:593

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  236. Kitani A, Yano J, Sasaki K (1986) J Electroanal Chem 209:227

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  237. Kobayashi T, Yoneyama H, Tamura H (1984) J Electroanal Chem 161:419

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  238. Kobayashi T, Yoneyama H, Tamura H (1984) J Electroanal Chem 177:293

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  239. Kostecki R, Ulmann M, Augustynski J, Strike DJ, Koudelka-Hep M (1993) J Phys Chem 97:8113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  240. Koziel K, Lapkowski M (1993) Synth Met 55–57:1011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  241. Kuwabata S, Kishimoto A, Yoneyama H (1994) J Electroanal Chem 377:261

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  242. Lacroix JC, Kanazawa KK, Diaz A (1989) J Electrochem Soc 136:1308

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  243. Mazeikiene R, Niaura G, Malinauskas A (2006) Electrochim Acta 51:1917

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  244. Lapkowski M, Genies EM (1990) J Electroanal Chem 284:127

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  245. Levi MD, Pisarevskaya E Yu (1993) Synth Met 55–57:1377

    Article  Google Scholar 

  246. Lizarraga L, Andrade EM, Molina FV (2004) J Electroanal Chem 561:127

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  247. Lu W, Fadeev AG, Qi B, Mattes BR (2004) J Electrochem Soc 151:H33

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  248. Lubert K-H, Dunsch L (1998) Electrochim Acta 43:813

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  249. Lundberg B, Salaneck WR, Lundström I (1987) Synth Met 21:143

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  250. MacDiarmid AG, Epstein AJ (1989) Faraday Disc Chem Soc 88:317

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  251. MacDiarmid AG, Mu SL, Somasiri NLD, Wu WQ (1985) Mol Cryst Liq Cryst

    Google Scholar 

  252. Mahmoud A, Keita B, Nadjo L (1998) J Electroanal Chem 446:211

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  253. Malinauskas A, Holze R (1997) Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem 101:1851

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  254. Malinauskas A, Holze R (1998) Electrochim Acta 43:515

    Article  Google Scholar 

  255. Malinauskas A, Holze R (1999) J Electroanal Chem 461:184

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  256. DeBerry DW (1985) J Electrochem Soc 132:1022

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  257. Martin CR, Parthasarathy R, Menon V (1993) Synth Met 55–57:1165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  258. Massari AM, Stevenson KJ, Hupp JT (2001) J Electroanal Chem 500:185

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  259. Matencio T, Pernaut JM, Vieil E (2003) J Braz Chem Soc 14:1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  260. Meneguzzi A, Pham MC, Lacroix JC, Piro B, Ademier A, Ferreira CA, Lacaze PC (2001) J Electrochem Soc 148:B121

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  261. Miras MC, Barbero C, Haas O (1991) Synth Met 41–43:3081

    Article  Google Scholar 

  262. Miras MC, Barbero C, Kötz R, Haas O (1994) J Electroanal Chem 369:193

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  263. Mohilner DM, Adams RN, Argersinger WJ (1962) J Electrochem Soc 84:3618

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  264. Mondal SK, Prasad KR, Munichandraiah (2005) Synth Met 148:275

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  265. Mu S, Kan J, Lu J, Zhang L (1998) J Electroanal Chem 446:107

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  266. Naegele D, Bithin R (1988) Solid State Ionics 28–30:983

    Article  Google Scholar 

  267. Nekrasov AA, Ivanov VF, Gribkova OL, Vannikov AV (2005) Electrochim Acta 50:1605

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  268. Nekrasov AA, Ivanov VF, Vannikov AV (2001) Electrochim Acta 46:3301

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  269. Neudeck A, Petr A, Dunsch L (1999) J Phys Chem B 103:912

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  270. Niessen J, Schröder U, Rosenbaum M, Scholz F (2004) Electrochem Commun 6:571

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  271. Pereira da Silva JE, Temperini MLA, Cordoba de Torresi SI (1999) Electrochim Acta 44:1887

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  272. Komsiyska L, Tsakova V, Staikov G (2007) Appl Phys A 87:405

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  273. Nunziante P, Pistoia G (1989) Electrochim Acta 34:223

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  274. Nyholm L, Peter LM (1994) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 90:149

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  275. Odin C, Nechtschein M (1991) Phys Rev Lett 67:1114

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  276. Odin C, Nechtschein M (1993) Synth Met 55–57:1281

    Article  Google Scholar 

  277. Orata D, Buttry DA (1987) J Am Chem Soc 109:3574

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  278. Osaka T, Nakajima T, Shiota K, Momma T (1991) J Electrochem Soc 138:2853

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  279. Osaka T, Ogano S, Naoi K, Oyama N (1989) J Electrochem Soc 136:306

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  280. Oyama N, Ohnuki Y, Chiba K, Ohsaka T (1983) Chem Lett 1759

    Google Scholar 

  281. Patil R, Harima Y, Yamashita K, Komaguchi K, Itagaki Y, Shiotani M (2002) J Electroanal Chem 518:13

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  282. Paul EW, Ricco AJ, Wrighton MS (1985) J Phys Chem 89:1441

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  283. Petr A, Dunsch L (1996) J Electroanal Chem 419:55

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  284. Ping Z, Nauer GE, Neugebauer H, Thiener J, Neckel A (1997) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 93:121

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  285. Posadas D, Florit MI (2004) J Phys Chem B 108:15470

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  286. Probst M, Holze R (1995) Electrochim Acta 40:213

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  287. Pruneanu S, Csahók E, Kertész V, Inzelt G (1998) Electrochim Acta 43:2305

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  288. Rishpon J, Redondo A, Derouin C, Gottesfeld S (1990) J Electroanal Chem 294:73

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  289. Rossberg K, Dunsch L (1999) Electrochim Acta 44:2061

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  290. Rossberg K, Paasch G, Dunsch L, Ludwig S (1998) J Electroanal Chem 443:49

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  291. Rourke F, Crayston JA (1993) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 89:295

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  292. Shimano JY, MacDiarmid AG (2001) Synth Met 123:251

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  293. Shimazu K, Murakoshi K, Kita H (1990) J Electroanal Chem 277:347

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  294. Shlepakov AV, Horányi G, Inzelt G, Andreev VN (1989) Elektrokhimija 25:1280

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  295. Stafström S, Brédas JL, Epstein AJ, Woo HS, Tanner DB, Huang Ws, MacDiarmid AG (1987) Phys Rev Lett 59:1464

    Article  Google Scholar 

  296. Stilwell DE, Park SM (1988) J Electrochem Soc 135:2491

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  297. Stilwell DE, Park SM (1989) J Electrochem Soc 136:688

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  298. Tagowska M, Mazur M, Krysinski P (2004) Synth Met 140:29

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  299. Tang H, Kitani A, Maitani S, Munemura H, Shiotani M (1995) Electrochim Acta 40:849

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  300. Troise Frank MH, Denuault G (1993) J Electroanal Chem 354:331

    Article  Google Scholar 

  301. Tsakova V, Milchev A, Schultze JW (1993) J Electroanal Chem 346:85

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  302. Varela H, Torresi RM (2000) J Electrochem Soc 147:665

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  303. Varela H, Torresi RM, Buttry DA (2000) J Braz Chem Soc 11:32

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  304. Vivier V, Cachet-Vivier C, Michel D, Nedelec JY, Yu LT (2002) Synth Met 126:253

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  305. Vivier V, Cachet-Vivier C, Regis A, Sagon G, Nedelec JY, Yu LT (2002) J Solid State Electrochem 6:522

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  306. Vuki M, Kalaji M, Nyholm L, Peter LM (1992) J Electroanal Chem 332:315

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  307. Yang CH, Yang TC, Chih YK (2005) J Electrochem Soc 152:E273

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  308. Yano J, Ogura K, Kitani A, Sasaki K (1992) Synth Met 52:21

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  309. Yonezawa S, Kanamura K, Takehara Z (1995) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 91:3469

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  310. Yu G (1996) Synth Met 80:143

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  311. Smela E, Lu W, Mattes BR (2005) Synth Met 151:25

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  312. Yuh-Ruey Y, Hsia-Tsai H, Chun-Guey W (2001) Synth Met 121:1651

    Article  Google Scholar 

  313. Zhang C, Yao B, Huang J, Zhou X (1997) J Electroanal Chem 440:35

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  314. Zhou Q, Zhuang L, Lu J (2002) Electrochem Commun 4:733

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  315. Zhou S, Wu T, Kan J (2007) Eur Polym J 43:395

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  316. Zhuang L, Zhou Q, Lu J (2000) J Electroanal Chem 493:135

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  317. Zimmermann A, Dunsch L (1997) J Mol Struct 410–411:165

    Google Scholar 

  318. Zotti G, Cattarin S, Comisso N (1988) J Electroanal Chem 239:387

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  319. Skompska M, Hillman AR (1996) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 92:4101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  320. Diaz AF, Rubinson JF, Mark HB Jr (1988) Electrochemistry and electrode applications of electroactive/conducting polymers. In: Henrici-Olivé G, Olivé S (eds) Advances in polymer science, vol 84. Springer, Berlin, p 113

    Google Scholar 

  321. Genies EM, Boyle A, Lapkowski M, Tsintavis C (1990) Synth Met 36:139

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  322. Stejkal J, Gilbert RG (2002) Pure Appl Chem 74:857

    Article  Google Scholar 

  323. Stejkal J, Sapurina I (2005) Pure Appl Chem 77:815

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  324. Syed AA, Dinesan MK (1991) Talanta 38:815

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  325. Li XG, Huang MR, Duan W (2002) Chem Rev 102:2925

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  326. Biallozor S, Kupniewska A (2005) Synth Met 155:443

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  327. Inzelt G (1994) Mechanism of charge transport in polymer-modified electrodes. In: Bard AJ (ed) Electroanalytical chemistry, vol 18. Marcel Dekker, New York, p 89

    Google Scholar 

  328. Andrade EM, Molina FV, Florit MI, Posadas D (1996) J Electroanal Chem 415:153

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  329. Cattarin S, Doubova L, Mengoli G, Zotti G (1988) Electrochim Acta 33:1077

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  330. Florit MI (1996) J Electroanal Chem 408:257

    Article  Google Scholar 

  331. Florit MI, Posadas D, Molina FV (1998) J Electrochem Soc 145:3530

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  332. Florit MI, Posadas D, Molina MV, Andrade EM (1999) J Electrochem Soc 146:2592

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  333. Genies EM, Noel P (1991) J Electroanal Chem 310:89

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  334. Henderson MJ, Hillman AR, Vieil E (1998) J Electroanal Chem 454:1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  335. Leclerc M, Guay J, Dao LH (1988) J Electroanal Chem 251:21

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  336. Maksimov JuM, Khaldun M, Podlovchenko BI (1991) Elektrokhimiya 27:699

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  337. Nieto FJR, Tucceri RI (1996) J Electroanal Chem 416:1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  338. Ramirez S, Hillman AR (1998) J Electrochem Soc 145:2640

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  339. RodrĂ­guez Presa MJ, Bandey HL, Tucceri RI, Florit MI, Posadas D, Hillman AR (1999) Electrochim Acta 44:2073

    Article  Google Scholar 

  340. Rodríguez Presa MJ, Bandey HL, Tucceri RI, Florit MI, Posadas D, Hillman AR (1998) J Electroanal Chem 455:49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  341. RodrĂ­guez Presa MJ, Posadas D, Florit MI (2000) J Electroanal Chem 482:117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  342. RodrĂ­guez Presa MJ, Tucceri RI, Florit MI, Posadas D (2001) J Electroanal Chem 502:82

    Article  Google Scholar 

  343. Wei Y, Focke WW, Wnek GE, Ray A, MacDiarmid AG (1989) J Phys Chem 93:495

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  344. Horvat-Radosevic V, Kvastek K, Kraljic-Rokovic M (2006) Electrochim Acta 51:3417

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  345. Yasuda A, Seto J (1990) J Electroanal Chem 288:65

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  346. Yang H, Fan FRF, Yau SL, Bard AJ (1992) J Electrochem Soc 139:2182

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  347. Viva FA, Andrade EM, Molina FV, Florit MI (1999) J Electroanal Chem 471:180

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  348. Goncalves D, Mattoso LHC, Bulhoes LOS (1994) Electrochim Acta 39:2271

    Article  Google Scholar 

  349. Bagheri A, Nateghi MR, Massoumi A (1998) Synth Met 97:85

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  350. Zhou HH, Wen JB, Ning XH, Fu CP, Chen JH, Kuang YF (2007) J Appl Polym Sci 104:458

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  351. Chung CY, Wen TC, Gopalan A (2001) Electrochim Acta 47:423

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  352. Comisso N, Daolio S, Mengoli G, Salmaso R, Zecchin S, Zotti G (1988) J Electroanal Chem 255:97

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  353. D’Erano F, Arévalo AH, Silber JJ, Sereno L (1995) J Electroanal Chem 382:85

    Article  Google Scholar 

  354. Fehér K, Inzelt G (2002) Electrochim Acta 47:3551

    Article  Google Scholar 

  355. Guay J, Dao LH (1989) J Electroanal Chem 274:135

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  356. Guay J, Leclerc M, Dao LH (1988) J Electroanal Chem 251:31

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  357. Hayat U, Bartlett PN, Dodd GH, Barker J (1987) J Electroanal Chem 220:287

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  358. Inzelt G (2002) J Solid State Electrochem 6:265

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  359. Suganandanm K, Santhosh P, Sankarasubramanian M, Gopalan A, Vasudevan T, Lee KP (2005) Sensor Actuat B 105:223

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  360. Tsai YT, Wen TC, Gopalan A (2003) Sensor Actuat B 96:646

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  361. Wu MS, Wen TC, Gopalan A (2001) J Electrochem Soc 148:D65

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  362. Yang H, Bard AJ (1991) J Electroanal Chem 306:87

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  363. Barbero C, Miras MC, Kötz R, Haas O (1993) Solid State Ionics 60:167

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  364. Chiba K, Ohsaka T, Ohnuki Y, Oyama N (1987) J Electroanal Chem 219:117

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  365. Chiba K, Ohsaka T, Oyama N (1987) J Electroanal Chem 217:239

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  366. D’Elia LF, Ortíz RL, Márquez OP, Márquez J, Martínez Y (2001) J Electrochem Soc 148:C297

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  367. Dai HP, Wu QH, Sun SG, Shiu KK (1998) J Electroanal Chem 456:47

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  368. Goyette MA, Leclerc M (1995) J Electroanal Chem 382:17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  369. Komura T, Funahasi Y, Yamaguti T, Takahasi K (1998) J Electroanal Chem 446:113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  370. Komura T, Yamaguti T, Takahasi K (1996) Electrochim Acta 41:2865

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  371. Láng G, Inzelt G (1999) Electrochim Acta 44:2037

    Article  Google Scholar 

  372. Láng G, Ujvári M, Inzelt G (2001) Electrochim Acta 46:4159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  373. Láng GG, Ujvári M, Inzelt G (2004) J Electroanal Chem 572:283

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  374. Láng GG, Ujvári M, Rokob TA, Inzelt G (2006) Electrochim Acta 51:1680

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  375. Martinusz K, CzirĂłk E, Inzelt G (1994) J Electroanal Chem 379:437

    Article  Google Scholar 

  376. Martinusz K, Inzelt G, Horányi G (1995) J Electroanal Chem 395:293

    Article  Google Scholar 

  377. Martinusz K, Láng G, Inzelt G (1997) J Electroanal Chem 433:1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  378. Mazeikiene R, Malinauskas A (2002) Synth Met 128:121

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  379. Ogura K, Kokura M, Yano J, Shigi H (1995) Electrochim Acta 40:2707

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  380. Ogura K, Shiigi H, Nakayama M (1996) J Electrochem Soc 143:2925

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  381. Oyama N, Ohsaka T, Chiba K, Takahashi K (1988) Bull Chem Soc Japan 61:1095

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  382. Pisarevskaya EYu, Levi MD (1994) Elektrokhimiya 30:50

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  383. Thomas KA, Euler WB (2001) J Electroanal Chem 501:235

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  384. Tu X, Xie Q, Xiang C, Zhang Y, Yao S (2005) J Phys Chem B 109:4053

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  385. Ujvári M, Láng G, Inzelt G (2000) Electrochem Commun 2:497

    Article  Google Scholar 

  386. Wu CC, Chang HC (2004) Anal Chim Acta 505:239

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  387. Wu LL, Luo J, Lin ZH (1997) J Electroanal Chem 440:173

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  388. Xiang C, Xie Q, Hu J, Yao S (2006) Synth Met 156:444

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  389. Yano J, Nagaoka T (1996) J Electroanal Chem 410:213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  390. Yu B, Khoo SB (2005) Electrochim Acta 50:1917

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  391. Cotarelo MA, Huerta F, Mallavia R, Morallón E, Vázquez JL (2006) Synth Met 156:51

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  392. Abrantes LM, Cordas CM, Vieil E (2002) Electrochim Acta 47:1481

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  393. Ateh DD, Navsaria HA, Vadgama P (2006) J Roy Soc Interface 3:741

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  394. Aeiyach S, Zaid B, Lacaze PC (1999) Electrochim Acta 44:2889

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  395. Albery WJ, Chen Z, Horrocks BR, Mount AR, Wilson PJ, Bloor D, Monkman AT, Elliot CM (1989) Faraday Disc Chem Soc 88:247

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  396. Ansari Khalkhali R, Prize WE, Wallace GG (2003) React Funct Polym 56:141

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  397. Arca M, Mirkin MV, Bard AJ (1995) J Phys Chem 99:5040

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  398. Bácskai J, Inzelt G, Bartl A, Dunsch L, Paasch G (1994) Synth Met 67:227

    Article  Google Scholar 

  399. Baker CK, Qui YJ, Reynolds JR (1991) J Phys Chem 95:4446

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  400. Baker CK, Reynolds JR (1988) J Electroanal Chem 251:307

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  401. Bartl A, Dunsch L, Naarmann H, Smeisser D, Göpel W (1993) Synth Met 61:167

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  402. Beck F, HĂĽsler P (1990) J Electroanal Chem 280:159

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  403. Bergamaski FOF, Santos MC, Nascente PAP, Bulhoes LOS, Pereira EC (2005) J Electroanal Chem 583:162

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  404. Bobacka J, Gao Z, Ivaska A, Lewenstam A (1994) J Electroanal Chem 368:33

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  405. Bohn C, Sadki S, Brennan AB, Reynolds JR (2002) J Electrochem Soc 149:E281

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  406. Bonazzola C, Calvo EJ (1998) J Electroanal Chem 449:111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  407. Bose CSC, Basak S, Rajeshwar K (1992) J Phys Chem 96:9899

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  408. Brandl V, Holze R (1998) Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem 102:1032

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  409. Bruckenstein S, Brzezinska K, Hillman AR (2000) Phys Chem Chem Phys 2:1221

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  410. Bull RA, Fan JRF, Bard AJ (1982) J Electrochem Soc 129:1009

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  411. De Paoli MA, Panero S, Prosperi P, Scrosati B (1990) Electrochim Acta 35:1145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  412. Debiemme-Chouvy C, Cachet H, Deslouis C (2006) Electrochim Acta 51:3622

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  413. Diaz AF, Castillo JI, Logan JA, Lee WE (1981) J Electroanal Chem 129:115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  414. Diaz AF, Rubinson JF, Mark HB (1988) Adv Polym Sci 84:113

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  415. Duffitt GL, Pickup PG (1992) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 88:1417

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  416. Feldberg SW (1984) J Am Chem Soc 106:4671

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  417. Fiorito PA, Cordoba de Torresi SI (2005) J Electroanal Chem 581:31

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  418. Froeck C, Bartl A, Dunsch L (1995) Electrochim Acta 40:1421

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  419. Frutos FJG, Otero TF, Romero AJF (2007) Electrochim Acta 52:3621

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  420. Fujii M, Arii K, Yoshino K (1993) Synth Met 55–57:1159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  421. Gabrielli C, Garcia-Jareno JJ, Keddam M, Perrot H, Vicente F (2002) J Phys Chem B 106:3192

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  422. Gabrielli C, Garcia-Jareno JJ, Perrot H (2001) Electrochim Acta 46:4095

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  423. Gao Z, Bobacka J, Ivaska A (1994) J Electroanal Chem 364:127

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  424. Garcia-Belmonte G (2003) Electrochem Commun 5:236

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  425. Garcia-Belmonte G, Bisquert J (2002) Electrochim Acta 47:4263

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  426. Geniés EM, Bidan G, Diaz AF (1983) J Electroanal Chem 149:101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  427. Genoud F, Guglielmi M, Nechstein M, Geniés EM, Salmon M (1985) Phys Rev Lett 55:118

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  428. Grande H, Otero TF (1998) J Phys Chem B 102:7535

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  429. Grande H, Otero TF (1999) Electrochim Acta 44:1893

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  430. Heitzmann M, Bucher C, Moutet JC, Pereira E, Rivas BL, Royal G, Saint-Aman E (2007) Electrochim Acta 52:3082

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  431. Hakanson E, Amiet A, Nahavandi S, Kaynak A (2007) Eur Polymer J 43:205

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  432. Hallik A, Alumaa A, Sammelselg V, Tamm J (2001) J Solid State Electrochem 5:265

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  433. Hallik A, Alumaa A, Tamm J, Sammelselg V, Väärtnou M, Jänes A, Lust E (2006) Synth Met 156:488

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  434. Hamnett A (1989) Faraday Disc Chem Soc 88:291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  435. Hamnett A, Higgins SJ, Fisk PR, Albery WJ (1989) J Electroanal Chem 270:479

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  436. Hansen GH, Henriksen RM, Kamounah FS, Lund T, Hammerich O (2005) Electrochim Acta 50:4936

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  437. Huguenin F, Girotto EM, Torresi RM, Buttry DA (2002) J Electroanal Chem 536:37

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  438. Inzelt G, Horányi G (1987) J Electroanal Chem 230:257

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  439. Inzelt G, Kertész V, Nybäck AS (1999) J Solid State Electrochem 3:251

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  440. Jakobs RCM, Janssen LJJ, Barendrecht E (1985) Electrochim Acta 30:1085

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  441. Romero AJF, Cascales JJL, Otero TF (2005) J Phys Chem B 109:21078

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  442. Kaufman JH, Colaneri M, Scott JC, Street GB (1984) Phys Rev Lett 53:1005

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  443. Kaufman JH, Kanazawa KK, Street JB (1984) Phys Rev Lett 53:2461

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  444. Kiefer R, Chu SY, Kilmartin PA, Bowmaker GA, Cooney RP, Travas-Sejdic J (2007) Electrochim Acta 52:2386

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  445. Koehler S, Bund A, Efimov I (2006) J Electroanal Chem 589:82

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  446. Koehler S, Ueda M, Efimov J, Bund A (2007) Electrochim Acta 52:3040

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  447. Komura T, Goisihara S, Yamaguti T, Takahasi K (1998) J Electroanal Chem 456:121

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  448. Komura T, Kijima K, Yamaguti T, Takahashi K (2000) J Electroanal Chem 486:166

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  449. Komura T, Kobayasi T, Yamaguti T, Takahasi K (1998) J Electroanal Chem 454:145

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  450. Komura T, Mori Y, Yamaguchi T, Takahasi K (1997) Electrochim Acta 42:985

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  451. Komura T, Yamaguchi T, Furuta K, Sirono K (2002) J Electroanal Chem 534:123

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  452. Komura T, Yamaguti T, Kunitani E, Edo Y (2003) J Electroanal Chem 557:49

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  453. Kontturi K, Pentti P, Sundholm G (1998) J Electroanal Chem 453:231

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  454. Kuwabata S, Yoneyama H, Tamura H (1984) Bull Chem Soc Japan 57:2247

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  455. Lapkowski M, Genies EM (1990) J Electroanal Chem 279:157

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  456. Lee H, Yang H, Kwak J (1999) J Electroanal Chem 468:104

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  457. Lehr IL, Saidman SB (2006) Electrochim Acta 51:3249

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  458. Levi MD, Aurbach D (2002) J Electrochem Soc 149:E215

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  459. Levi MD, Lankri E, Gofer Y, Aurbach D, Otero T (2002) J Electrochem Soc 149:E204

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  460. Li F, Albery WJ (1991) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 87:2949

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  461. Li G, Pickup PG (1999) J Phys Chem B 103:10143

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  462. MacDiarmid AG (1997) Synth Met 84:27

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  463. Maddison DS, Roberts RB, Unsworth J (1989) Synth Met 33:281

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  464. Maia DJ, Neves S das, Alves OL, DePaoli MA (1999) Electrochim Acta 44:1945

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  465. Maia G, Torresi RM, Ticianelli EA, Nart FC (1996) J Phys Chem 100:15910

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  466. Mao H, Ochmanska J, Paulse CD, Pickup PG (1989) Faraday Disc Chem Soc 88:165

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  467. Mengoli G, Musiani MM, Fleischmann M, Pletcher D (1984) J Appl Electrochem 14:285

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  468. Briseno AL, Baca A, Zhou Q, Lai R, Zhou F (2001) Anal Chem Acta 441:123

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  469. Miasik J, Hooper A, Tofield B (1986) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 82:1117

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  470. Miyamoto H, Oyama N, Ohsaka T, Tanaka S, Miyashi T (1991) J Electrochem Soc 138:2003

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  471. Naoi K, Lien M, Smyrl WH (1991) J Electrochem Soc 138:440

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  472. Naoi K, Oura Y, Maeda M, Nakamura S (1995) J Electrochem Soc 142:417

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  473. Naoi K, Ueyama K, Osaka T, Smyrl WH (1990) J Electrochem Soc 137:494

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  474. Noll JD, Nicholson MA, Van Patten PG, Chung CW, Myrick ML (1998) J Electrochem Soc 145:3320

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  475. Novak P, Rasch B, Vielstich W (1991) J Electrochem Soc 138:3300

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  476. Nowak MJ, Spiegel D, Hoppa F, Heeger AJ, Pincus PA (1989) Macromolecules 22:2917

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  477. Otero TF, Cortés MT (2003) Sensor Actuat B 96:152

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  478. Otero TF, Grande HJ, Rodriguez J (1997) J Phys Chem B 101:3688

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  479. Otero TF, Padilla J (2004) J Electroanal Chem 561:167

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  480. Otero TF, RodrĂ­guez J (1994) Electrochim Acta 39:245

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  481. Otero TF, Rodríguez J, Angulo E, Santamaria C (1993) Synth Met 55–57:3713

    Article  Google Scholar 

  482. Ouerghi O, Senillou A, Jaffrezic-Renault N, Martelet C, Ben Ouda H, Cosnier S (2001) J Electroanal Chem 501:62

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  483. Paasch G, Smeisser D, Bartl A, Naarman H, Dunsch L, Göpel W (1994) Synth Met 66:135

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  484. Panero S, Prospieri P, Passerini S, Scrosati B, Perlmutter DD (1989) J Electrochem Soc 136:3729

    Article  Google Scholar 

  485. Paulse CD, Pickup PG (1988) J Phys Chem 92:7002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  486. Pei Q, Inganäs O (1993) J Phys Chem 97:6034

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  487. Pei Q, Inganäs O (1993) Synth Met 55–57:3730

    Article  Google Scholar 

  488. Penner R, Martin CR (1989) J Phys Chem 93:984

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  489. Rapta P, Neudeck A, Petr A, Dunsch L (1998) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 94:3625

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  490. Ren X, Pickup PG (1992) J Electrochem Soc 139:2097

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  491. Reynolds JR, Pyo M, Qiu YJ (1993) Synth Met 55–57:1388

    Article  Google Scholar 

  492. Sabatini E, Ticianelli E, Redondo A, Rubinstein I, Risphon J, Gottesfeld S (1993) Synth Met 55–57:1293

    Article  Google Scholar 

  493. Saidman SB (2003) Electrochim Acta 48:1719

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  494. Saidman SB, Quinzani OV (2004) Electrochim Acta 50:127

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  495. Schmidt VM, Heitbaum J (1993) Electrochim Acta 38:349

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  496. Schmidt VM, Tegtmeyer D, Heitbaum J (1995) J Electroanal Chem 385:149

    Article  Google Scholar 

  497. Scott J, Pfluger P, Krounbi MT, Street GB (1983) Phys Rev B 28:2140

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  498. Svorc J, Miertu S, Katrlik J, Stredansk M (1997) Anal Chem 69:2086

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  499. Skompska M, Vorotyntsev MA, Goux J, Moise C, Heinz O, Cohen YS, Levi MD, Gofer Y, Salitra G, Aurbach D (2005) Electrochim Acta 50:1635

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  500. Syritski V, Öpik A, Forsén O (2003) Electrochim Acta 48:1409

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  501. Tamm J, Alumaa A, Hallik A, Sammelselg V (2001) Electrochim Acta 46:4105

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  502. Tamm J, Raudsepp T, Marandi M, Tamm T (2007) Synth Met 157:66

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  503. Tanguy J, Mermilliod N, Hoclet M (1987) J Electrochem Soc 134:795

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  504. Tezuka Y, Kimura T, Ishii T, Aoki K (1995) J Electroanal Chem 395:51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  505. Vorotyntsev MA, Graczyk M, Lisowska-Oleksiak A, Goux J, Moise C (2004) J Solid State Electrochem 8:818

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  506. Vorotyntsev MA, Vieil E, Heinze J (1998) J Electroanal Chem 450:121

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  507. Wainright JS, Zorman CA (1995) J Electrochem Soc 142:379

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  508. Wainright JS, Zorman CA (1995) J Electrochem Soc 142:384

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  509. Waller AM, Compton RG (1989) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 85:977

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  510. Waller AM, Hampton ANS, Compton RG (1989) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 85:773

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  511. Wang J, Too CO, Wallace GG (2005) J Power Sources 150:223

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  512. Weidlich CW, Mangold KM, JĂĽttner K (2005) Electrochim Acta 50:1547

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  513. Weidlich CW, Mangold KM, JĂĽttner K (2005) Electrochim Acta 50:5247

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  514. West K, Jacobsen T, Zachau–Christiansen B, Careem MA, Skaarup S (1993) Synth Met 55–57:1412

    Article  Google Scholar 

  515. Yang H, Kwak J (1997) J Phys Chem B 101:4656

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  516. Yang H, Lee H, Kim YT, Kwak J (2000) J Electrochem Soc 147:4239

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  517. Zalewska T, Lisowska-Oleksiak A, Biallozov S, Jasulaitiene V (2000) Electrochim Acta 45:4031

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  518. Zanganeh AR, Amini MK (2007) Electrochim Acta 52:3822

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  519. Zhou M, Heinze J (1999) Electrochim Acta 44:1733

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  520. Zhou QX, Miller LL, Valentine JR (1989) J Electroanal Chem 261:147

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  521. Zotti G (1998) Synth Met 97:267

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  522. Waltman RJ, Bargon J (1986) Can J Chem 64:76-95

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  523. Abrantes LM, Correia JP (1999) Electrochim Acta 44:1901

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  524. Agui L, Lopez-Huertas MA, Yanez-Sedeno P, Pingarron JM (1996) J Electroanal Chem 414:141

    Article  Google Scholar 

  525. Betova I, Bojinov M, Lankinen E, Sundholm G (1999) J Electroanal Chem 472:20

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  526. Bisquert J, Garcia-Belmonte G, Fabregat-Santiago F, Ferriols NS, Yamashita M, Pereira EC (2000) Electrochem Commun 2:601

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  527. Chan H, Ng S, Seow S, Moderscheim J (1992) J Mater Chem 2:1135

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  528. Correia JP, Vieil E, Abrantes LM (2004) J Electroanal Chem 573:299

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  529. Ding H, Pan Z, Pigani L, Seeber R, Zanardi C (2001) Electrochim Acta 46:2721

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  530. Ehrenbeck C, JĂĽttner K (1996) Electrochim Acta 41:1815

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  531. Fichou D (1999) Handbook of oligo- and polythiophenes. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim

    Google Scholar 

  532. Garcia-Belmonte G, Bisquert J, Pereira EC, Fabregat-Santiago F (2001) J Electroanal Chem 508:48

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  533. Gergely A, Inzelt G (2001) Electrochem Commun 3:753

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  534. Glidle A, Hillman AR, Bruckenstein S (1991) J Electroanal Chem 318:411

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  535. Gratzl M, Hsu DF, Riley AM, Janata J (1990) J Phys Chem 94:5973

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  536. Hillman AR, Glidle A (1994) J Electroanal Chem 379:365

    Article  Google Scholar 

  537. Pang Y, Li X, Ding H, Shi G, Jin L (2007) Electrochim Acta 52:6172

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  538. Hillman AR, Swann MJ (1988) Electrochim Acta 33:1303

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  539. Hillman AR, Swann MJ, Bruckenstein S (1990) J Electroanal Chem Soc 291:147

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  540. Hsu DF, Gratzl M, Riley AM, Janata J (1990) J Phys Chem 94:5982

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  541. Innocenti M, Loglio F, Pigani L, Seeber R, Terzi F, Udisti R (2005) Electrochim Acta 50:1497

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  542. Kankare J, Kupila EL (1992) J Electroanal Chem 332:167

    Article  Google Scholar 

  543. Casalbore Miceli G, Beggiato G, Daolio S, Di Marco PG, Emmi SS, Giro G (1987) J Appl Electrochem 17:1111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  544. Kuroda SI, Marumoto K, Sakanaka T, Takeuchi N, Shimoi Y, Abe S, Kokubo H, Yamamoto T (2007) Chem Phys Lett 435:273

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  545. Lankinen E, Pohjakallio M, Sundholm G, Talonen P, Laitinen T, Saario T (1997) J Electroanal Chem 437:167

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  546. Lankinen E, Sundholm G, Talonen P, Granö H, Sundholm F (1999) J Electroanal Chem 460:176

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  547. Levi MD, Gofer Y, Aurbach D, Lapkowski M, Vieil E, Serose J (2000) J Electrochem Soc 147:1096

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  548. Levi MD, Lapkowski M (1993) Electrochim Acta 38:271

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  549. Levi MD, Skundin AM (1989) Sov Electrochem 25:67

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  550. Li C, Shi G, Liang Y (1998) J Electroanal Chem 455:1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  551. Li C, Shi G, Liang Y (1999) Synth Met 104:113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  552. Dang XD, Intelman CM, Rammelt U, Plieth W (2005) J Solid State Electrochem 9:706

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  553. Alhalasah W, Holze R (2005) J Solid State Electrochem 9:836

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  554. Lugenschmied C, Dennler G, Neugebauer H, Sariciftci SN, Glatthaar M, Meyer T, Meyer A (2007) Solar Energy Mat Solar Cells 91:379

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  555. Marque P, Roncali J, Garnier F (1987) J Electroanal Chem 218:107

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  556. Mastragostino M, Arbizzani C, Soavi F (2002) Solid State Ionics 148:493

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  557. Meerholz K, Heinze J (1996) Electrochim Acta 41:1839

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  558. Mukoyama I, Aoki K, Chen J (2002) J Electroanal Chem 531:133

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  559. Novak P, MĂĽller K, Santhanam KSV, Haas O (1997) Chem Rev 97:202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  560. Osterholm J, Passiniemi P, Isotalo H, Stubb H (1987) Synth Met 18:213

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  561. Yamamoto T (2003) Synlett 4:425

    Article  Google Scholar 

  562. Pagels M, Heinze J, Geschke B, Rang V (2001) Electrochim Acta 46:3943

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  563. Pigani L, Seeber R, Terzi F, Zanardi C (2004) J Electroanal Chem 562:231

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  564. Pigani L, Seeber R, Terzi F, Zanardi C (2004) J Electroanal Chem 570:235

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  565. Pohjakallio M, Sundholm G, Talonen P (1996) J Electroanal Chem 406:165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  566. Pohjakallio M, Sundholm G, Talonen P, Lopez C, Vieil E (1995) J Electroanal Chem 396:339

    Article  Google Scholar 

  567. Rudge A, Raistrick I, Gottesfeld S, Ferraris JP (1994) Electrochim Acta 39:273

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  568. Ruiz V, Colina A, Heras A, LĂłpez-Palacios J (2004) Electrochim Acta 50:59

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  569. Schrebler R, Grez P, Cury P, Veas C, Merino M, GĂłmez H, CĂłrdova R, del Valle MA (1997) J Electroanal Chem 430:77

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  570. Servagent S, Vieil E (1990) J Electroanal Chem 280:227

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  571. Shi L, Roncali J, Garnier F (1989) J Electroanal Chem 263:155

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  572. Skompska M (2000) Electrochim Acta 45:3841

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  573. Smie A, Synowczyk A, Heinze J, Alle R, Tschuncky P, Götz G, Bäuerle P (1998) J Electroanal Chem 452:87

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  574. Staasen I, Sloboda T, Hambitzer G (1995) Synth Met 71:219

    Google Scholar 

  575. Tang H, Zhu L, Harima Y, Yamashita K (2000) Synth Met 110:105

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  576. Tang H, Zhu L, Harima Y, Yamashita K, Ohshita J, Kunai A, Ishikawa M (1999) Electrochim Acta 44:2579

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  577. Tanguy J, Baudoin JL, Chao F, Costa M (1992) Electrochim Acta 37:1417

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  578. Thackeray JW, White HS, Wrighton MS (1985) J Phys Chem 89:5133

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  579. Tolstopyatova EG, Sazonova SN, Malev VV, Kondratiev VV (2005) Electrochim Acta 50:1565

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  580. Tourillon G, Garnier F (1983) J Electrochem Soc 130:2042

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  581. Tourillon G, Garnier F (1983) J Phys Chem 87:2289

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  582. Visy Cs, Janáky C, Kriván E (2005) J Solid State Electrochem 9:330

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  583. Visy Cs, Kankare J (1998) J Electroanal Chem 442:175

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  584. Visy Cs, Kankare J, Kriván E (2000) Electrochim Acta 45:3851

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  585. Vu QT, Pavlik M, Hebestreit N, Rammelt U, Plieth W, Pfleger J (2005) React Funct Polym 65:69

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  586. Waltman RJ, Diaz AF, Bargon J (1984) J Electrochem Soc 131:1452

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  587. Wang CY, Ballantyne AM, Hall SB, Too CO, Officer DL, Wallace GG (2006) J Power Sources 156:610

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  588. Wang J, Keene FR (1996) J Electroanal Chem 405:59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  589. Widge AS, Jeffries-El M, Cui X, Lagenaur CF, Matsouka Y (2007) Biosens Bioelectron 22:1723

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  590. Xu J, Shi G, Chen F, Wang F, Zhang J, Hong X (2003) J Appl Polym Sci 87:502

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  591. Xu J, Shi G, Xu Z, Chen F, Hong X (2001) J Electroanal Chem 514:16

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  592. Zanardi C, Scanu R, Pigani L, Pilo MI, Sanna G, Seeber R, Spano N, Terzi F, Zucca A (2006) Electrochim Acta 51:4859

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  593. Zhao ZS, Pickup PG (1996) J Electroanal Chem 404:55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  594. Zhou L, Xue G (1997) Synth Met 87:193

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  595. Yamamoto T, Okuda T (1999) J Electroanal Chem 460:242

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  596. Roncali J (1992) Chem Rev 92:711

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  597. Lisowska-Oleksiak A, Kazubowska K, Kupniewska A (2001) J Electroanal Chem 501:54

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  598. Adamczyk L, Kulesza PJ, Miecznikowski K, Palys B, Chojak M, Krawczyk D (2005) J Electrochem Soc 152:E98

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  599. Arnau A, Jimenez Y, Fernández R, Torres R, Otero M, Calvo EJ (2006) J Electrochem Soc 153:C455

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  600. Bund A, Schneider M (2002) J Electrochem Soc 149:E331

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  601. Danielsson P, Bobacka J, Ivaska A (2004) J Solid State Electrochem 8:809

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  602. Gallegos AKC, RincĂłn ME (2006) J Power Sources 162:743

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  603. Gustaffson-Carlberg JC, Inganäs O, Anderson MR, Booth C, Azens A, Granqvist G (1995) Electrochim Acta 40:2233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  604. Hass R, GarcĂ­a-Canadas J, Garcia-Belmonte G (2005) J Electroanal Chem 577:99

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  605. Heywang G, Jonas F (1991) Adv Mater 4:116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  606. Hupe J, Wolf GD, Jonas F (1995) Galvanotechnik 86:3404

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  607. Jonas F, Heywang G (1994) Electrochim Acta 39:1345

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  608. Loganathan K, Pickup PG (2006) Langmuir 22:10612

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  609. Loganathan K, Pickup PG (2005) Electrochim Acta 51:41

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  610. Maynor BW, Filocamo SF, Grinstaff MW, Liu J (2002) J Am Chem Soc 124:522

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  611. Meyer H, Nichols RJ, Schröer D, Stamp L (1994) Electrochim Acta 39:1325

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  612. Mouffouk F, Higgins SJ (2006) Electrochem Commun 8:15

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  613. Niu L, Kvarnström C, Fröberg K, Ivaska A (2001) Synth Met 122:425

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  614. Niu L, Kvarnström C, Ivaska A (2004) J Electroanal Chem 569:151

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  615. Noël V, Randriamahazaka H, Chevrot C (2003) J Electroanal Chem 558:41

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  616. Ocypa M, Michalsko A, Maksymiuk K (2006) Electrochim Acta 51:2298

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  617. Plieth W, Band A, Rammelt U, Neudeck S, Duc LM (2006) Electrochim Acta 51:2366

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  618. Brotherston ID, Mudigonda DSK, Osborn JM, Belk J, Chen J, Loveday DC, Boehme JL, Ferraris JP, Meeker DL (1999) Electrochim Acta 44:2993

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  619. Schweiss R, LĂĽbben JF, Johannsmann D, Knoll W (2005) Electrochim Acta 50:2849

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  620. Sundfors F, Bobacka J (2004) J Electroanal Chem 572:309

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  621. Sundfors F, Bobacka J, Ivaska A, Lewenstam A (2002) Electrochim Acta 47:2245

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  622. Vázquez M, Bobacka J, Luostarinen M, Rissanen K, Lewenstam A, Ivaska A (2005) J Solid State Electrochem 9:312

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  623. Yang N, Zoski CG (2006) Langmuir 22:10328

    Google Scholar 

  624. Puskás Z, Inzelt G (2005) Electrochim Acta 50:1481

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  625. Barbero C, Miras MC, Kötz R, Haas O (1999) Synth Met 101:23

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  626. Haas O, Zumbrunnen HR (1981) Helv Chim Acta 64:854

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  627. Miras MC, Barbero C, Kötz R, Haas O, Schmidt VM (1992) J Electroanal Chem 338:279

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  628. Forrer P, Musil C, Inzelt G, Siegenthaler H (1998) In: Balabanova E, Dragieva I (eds) Proc 3rd Workshop on Nanoscience, Hasliberg, Switzerland. Heron, Sofia, p 24

    Google Scholar 

  629. Zhang Y, Jin G, Wang Y, Yang Z (2003) Sensors 3:443

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  630. Benito D, Gabrielli C, Garcia-Jareno JJ, Keddam M, Perrot H, Vicente F (2002) Electrochem Commun 4:613

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  631. Benito D, Gabrielli C, Garcia-Jareno JJ, Keddam M, Perrot H, Vicente F (2003) Electrochim Acta 48:4039

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  632. Benito D, Garcia-Jareno JJ, Navarro-Laboulais J, Vicente F (1998) J Electroanal Chem 446:47

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  633. Chen C, Gao Y (2007) Electrochim Acta 52:3143

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  634. Chen SM, Lin KC (2001) J Electroanal Chem 511:101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  635. Inzelt G, CsahĂłk E (1999) Electroanalysis 11:744

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  636. Karyakin AA, Bobrova OA, Karyakina EE (1995) J Electroanal Chem 399:179

    Article  Google Scholar 

  637. Karyakin AA, Ivanova YN, Karyakina EE (2003) Electrochem Commun 5:677

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  638. Sáez EI, Corn RM (1993) Electrochim Acta 38:1619

    Article  Google Scholar 

  639. Vicente F, GarcĂ­a-Jareno JJ, Benito D, Agrisuelas J (2003) J New Mater Electrochem Syst 6:267

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  640. Komura T, Ishihara M, Yamaguti T, Takahashi K (2000) J Electroanal Chem 493:84

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  641. Komura T, Yamaguti T, Ishihara M, Niu GY (2001) J Electroanal Chem 513:59

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  642. Selvaraju T, Ramaraj R (2003) Electrochem Commun 5:667

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  643. Ambrose JF, Nelson RF (1968) J Electrochem Soc 115:1159

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  644. Cattarin S, Mengoli G, Musiani MM, Schreck B (1988) J Electroanal Chem 246:87

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  645. Compton RG, Davis FJ, Grant SC (1986) J Appl Electrochem 16:239

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  646. Desbene-Monvernay A, Dubois JE, Lacaze PC (1985) J Electroanal Chem 189:51

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  647. Desbene-Monvernay A, Lacaze PC, Dubois JE, Desbene PL (1983) J Electroanal Chem 152:87

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  648. Diamant Y, Chen J, Han H, Kamenev B, Tsybeskov L, Grebel H (2005) Synth Met 151:202

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  649. Dubois JE, Desbene-Monvernay A, Lacaze PC (1982) J Electroanal Chem 132:177

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  650. Garcia-Belmonte G, Pomerantz Z, Bisquert J, Lellouche JP, Zaban A (2004) Electrochim Acta 49:3413

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  651. Inzelt G (2003) J Solid State Electrochem 7:503

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  652. Kakuta T, Shirota Y, Makawa M (1985) J Chem Soc Chem Commun p. 553

    Google Scholar 

  653. Mengoli G, Musiani MM, Schreck B, Zecchin S (1988) J Electroanal Chem 246:73

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  654. O’Brien RN, Santhanam KSV (1987) Electrochim Acta 32:1209

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  655. Piro B, Bazzaoui EA, Pham MC, Novak P, Haas O (1999) Electrochim Acta 44:1953

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  656. Sarawathi R, Hillman AR, Martin SJ (1999) J Electroanal Chem 460:267

    Article  Google Scholar 

  657. Sezer E, Heinze J (2006) Electrochim Acta 51:3668

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  658. Skompska M, Hillman AR (1997) J Electroanal Chem 433:127

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  659. Skompska M, Peter LM (1995) J Electroanal Chem 383:43

    Article  Google Scholar 

  660. Monk PMS, Mortimer RJ, Rosseinsky DR (1995) Electrochromism. VCH, Weinheim, pp 124–143

    Book  Google Scholar 

  661. Brett CMA, Inzelt G, Kertész V (1999) Anal Chim Acta 385:119

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  662. Bruckenstein S, Hillman AR, Swann MJ (1990) J Electrochem Soc 137:1323

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  663. Bruckenstein S, Wilde CP, Shay M, Hillman AR (1990) J Phys Chem 94:787

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  664. Agrisuelas J, Giménez-Romero D, Garcia-Jareno JJ, Vicente F (2006) Electrochem Commun 8:549

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  665. Damos FS, Luz RCS, Kubota LT (2005) J Electroanal Chem 581:231

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  666. Ferreira V, Tenreiro A, Abrantes LM (2006) Sensor Actuat B 119:632

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  667. Karyakin AA, Karyakina EE, Schmidt HL (1999) Electroanalysis 11:149

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  668. Karyakin AA, Karyakina EE, Shuhmann W, Schmidt HL, Varfolomeyev SD (1994) Electroanalysis 6:821

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  669. Karyakin AA, Strakhova AK, Karyakina EE, Varfolomeyev SD, Yatsimirsky AK (1993) Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 32:35

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  670. Kertész V, Bácskai J, Inzelt G (1996) Electrochim Acta 41:2877

    Article  Google Scholar 

  671. Kertész V, Van Berkel GJ (2001) Electroanalysis 13:1425

    Article  Google Scholar 

  672. Li X, Zhong M, Sun C, Luo Y (2005) Mater Lett 59:3913

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  673. Schlereth DD, Karyakin AA (1995) J Electroanal Chem 395:221

    Article  Google Scholar 

  674. Tan L, Xie Q, Yao S (2004) Electroanalysis 16:1592

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  675. Yang C, Xu J, Hu S (2007) J Solid State Electrochem 11:514

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  676. Yang R, Ruan C, Deng J (1998) J Appl Electrochem 28:1269

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  677. Barbero C, Zerbino J, Sereno L, Posadas D (1987) Electrochim Acta 32:693

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  678. Ortega JM (1998) Synth Met 97:81

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  679. Kunimura S, Osaka T, Oyama N (1988) Macromolecules 21:894

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  680. Levin O, Kontratiev V, Malev V (2005) Electrochim Acta 50:1573

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  681. Barbero C, Silber JJ, Sereno L (1990) J Electroanal Chem 291:81

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  682. Posadas D, RodrĂ­guez Presa MJ, Florit MI (2001) Electrochim Acta 46:4075

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  683. RodrĂ­guez Nieto FJ, Tucceri RI (1996) J Electroanal Chem 416:1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  684. Salavagione H, Arias-Pardilla J, Pérez JM, Vázquez JL, Morallón E, Miras MC, Barbero C (2005) J Electroanal Chem 576:139

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  685. Shah AHA, Holze R (2006) J Electroanal Chem 597:95

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  686. Tucceri RI (2001) J Electroanal Chem 505:72

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  687. Tucceri RI (2003) J Electroanal Chem 543:61

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  688. Tucceri RI (2004) J Electroanal Chem 562:173

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  689. Tucceri RI, Barbero C, Silber JJ, Sereno L, Posadas D (1997) Electrochim Acta 42:919

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  690. Charlotte SA, Cutler A, Reynolds JR (2003) Adv Funct Mater 13:331

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  691. Sang HL, Nakamura T, Tsutsui T (2005) Org Lett 3:2005

    Google Scholar 

  692. Xu J, Wei Z, Du Y, Zhou W, Pu S (2006) Electrochim Acta 51:4771

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  693. Zhang S, Nie G, Han X, Xu J, Li M, Cai T (2006) Electrochim Acta 51:5738

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  694. Chang YT, Lin KC, Chen SM (2005) Electrochim Acta 51:450

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  695. Chen SM, Lin KC (2002) J Electroanal Chem 523:93

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  696. Zhang GF, Chen HY (2000) Anal Chim Acta 419:25

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  697. Kardas G, Solmaz R (2007) Appl Surf Sci 253:3402

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  698. Ivanova YN, Karyakin AA (2004) Electrochem Commun 6:120

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  699. Bartlett PN, Dawson DH, Farrington J (1992) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 88:2685

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  700. Nie G, Han X, Zhang S (2007) J Electroanal Chem 604:125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  701. Vasantha VS, Chen SM (2005) J Electrochem Soc 152:D151

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  702. Chen SM, Fa YH (2003) J Electroanal Chem 553:63

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  703. Chen SM, Fa YH (2004) J Electroanal Chem 567:9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  704. Ashley K, Parry DB, Harris JM, Pons S, Bennion DN, LaFollette R, Jones J, King EJ (1989) Electrochim Acta 34:599

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  705. Elsenbaumer RL, Schacklette LW (1986) In: Skotheim TA (ed) Handbook of conducting polymers, vol 1. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 213–265

    Google Scholar 

  706. Levi MD, Pisarevskaya EYu, Molodkina EB, Danilov AI (1992) J Chem Soc Chem Commun p. 149

    Google Scholar 

  707. Levi MD, Pisarevskaya EYu, Molodkina EB, Danilov AI (1993) Synth Met 54:195

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  708. Mello RMQ, Serbena JPM, Benvenho ARV, HĂĽmmelgen IA (2003) J Solid State Electrochem 7:463

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  709. Damlin P, Kvarnström C, Ivaska A (1999) Electrochim Acta 44:1919

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  710. Santos LF, Faria RC, Gaffo L, Carvalho LM, Faria RM, Goncalves D (2007) Electrochim Acta 52:4299

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  711. Compton RG, Laing Me, Ledwith A, Abu-Abdoun II (1988) J Appl Electrochem 18:431

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  712. Petr A, Kvanström C, Dunsch L, Ivaska A (2000) Synth Met 108:245

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  713. Ismail KM, Khalifa ZM, Azzem MA, Badawy WA (2002) Electrochim Acta 47:1867

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  714. Cintra EP, Torresi RM, Louarn G, Cordoba de Torresi SI (2004) Electrochim Acta 49:1409

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  715. Meneguzzi A, Ferreira CA, Pham MC, Delamar M, Lacaze PC (1999) Electrochim Acta 44:2149

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  716. Zotti G, Schiavon G, Zecchin S, Berlin A, Pagani G, Canavesi A (1996) Synth Met 76:255

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  717. Chen J, Tsekouras G, Officer DL, Wagner P, Wang CY, Too CO, Wallace GG (2007) J Electroanal Chem 599:79

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  718. Deronzier A, Moutet JC (1996) Coord Chem Rev 147:996

    Article  Google Scholar 

  719. Pickup PG (1999) J Mater Chem 9:1641

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  720. Chardon-Noblat S, Pellissier A, Cripps G, Deronzier A (2006) J Electroanal Chem 597:28

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  721. Cebeci FC, Sezer E, Sarac AS (2007) Electrochim Acta 52:2158

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  722. Paul-Roth C, Rault-Berthelot J, Simonneaux G, Poriel C, Abdalilah M, Letessier J (2006) J Electroanal Chem 597:19

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  723. Zotti G, Zecchin S, Schiavon G, Berlin A, Huchet L, Roncali J (2001) J Electroanal Chem 504:64

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  724. Manisankar P, Vedhi C, Selvanathan G, Gurumallesh Prabu H (2006) Electrochim Acta 52:831

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  725. Manisankar P, Vedhi C, Selvanathan G, Somasundaram RM (2005) Chem Mater 17:1722

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  726. Chang CF, Chen WC, Wen TC, Gopalan A (2002) J Electrochem Soc 149:E298

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  727. Rahmanifar MS, Mousari MF, Shamsipur M (2002) J Power Sources 110:229

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  728. SanchĂ­s C, Salavagione HJ, Arias-Padilla J, MorallĂłn E (2007) Electrochim Acta 52:2978

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  729. Liu M, Ye M, Yang Q, Zhang Y, Xie Q, Yao S (2006) Electrochim Acta 52:342

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  730. Shah AHA, Holze R (2006) J Solid State Electrochem 11:38

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  731. Bilal S, Holze R (2006) Electrochim Acta 52:1247

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  732. Savita P, Sathyanarayana DN (2004) Polym Int 53:106

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  733. Wei Y, Hariharan R, Patel SA (1990) Macromolecules 23:758

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  734. Pekmez-Ă–zcicek N, Pekmez K, Holze R, Yldiz A (2003) J Appl Polym Sci 89:862

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  735. Sahin Y, Percin S, Sahin M, Ozkan G (2004) J Appl Polym Sci 91:2302

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  736. Malinauskas A, Bron M, Holze R (1998) Synth Met 92:127

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  737. Tang H, Kitani A, Maitani S, Munemura H, Shiotani M (1995) Electrochim Acta 40:849

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  738. Duic L, Kraljic M, Grigic S (2004) J Polym Sci A 42:1599

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  739. Wen TC, Sivakumar C, Gopalan A (2001) Electrochim Acta 46:1071

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  740. Wen TC, Huang LM, Gopalan A (2001) Synth Met 123:451

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  741. Arbizzani C, Mastragostino M, Meneghello L (1997) Electrochim Acta 41:21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  742. Ballarin B, Masiero S, Seeber R, Tonelli D (1998) J Electroanal Chem 449:173

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  743. Bedioui F, Devynck J, Bied-Charenton C, (1996) J Mol Catalysis A 113:3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  744. Bidan G, Genies EM, Lapkowski M (1988) J Electroanal Chem 251:297

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  745. Buffenoir A, Bidan G, Chalumeau L, Soury-Lavergne I (1998) J Electroanal Chem 451:261

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  746. Chen CC, Bose CSS, Rajeshwar K (1993) J Electroanal Chem 350:161

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  747. Croissant MJ, Napporn T, Leger JM, Lamy C (1998) Electrochim Acta 43:2447

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  748. Deronzier A, Moutet JC (1994) Curr Top Electrochem 3:159

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  749. Ficicioglu F, Kadirgan F (1998) J Electroanal Chem 451:95

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  750. Kowalewska B, Miecznikowski K, Makowski O, Palys B, Adamczyk L, Kulesza PJ (2007) J Solid State Electrochem 11:1023

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  751. Hable CT, Wrighton MS (1991) Langmuir 7:1305

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  752. Niu L, Li Q, Wei F, Chen X, Wang H (2003) J Electroanal Chem 544:121

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  753. Jones VW, Kalaji M, Walker G, Barbero C, Kötz R (1994) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 90:2061

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  754. Kern JM, Sauvage JP, Bidan G, Billon M, Divisia-Blohorn B (1996) Adv Mater 8:580

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  755. Kim YT, Yang H, Bard AJ (1991) J Electrochem Soc 138:L71

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  756. Kobel W, Hanack M (1986) Inorg Chem 25:103

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  757. Kost K, Bartak D, Kazee B, Kuwana T (1986) Anal Chem 60:2379

    Article  Google Scholar 

  758. Kvarnstrom C, Ivaska A (1997) In: Nalwa HS (ed) Handbook of organic conducting molecules and polymers, vol 4. Wiley, New York, p 487

    Google Scholar 

  759. Lamy C, Leger JM, Garnier F (1997) In: Nalwa HS (ed) Handbook of organic conducting molecules and polymers, vol 3. Wiley, New York, p 471

    Google Scholar 

  760. Luo X, Killard AJ, Morrin A, Smyth MR (2007) Electrochim Acta 52:1865

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  761. Oyama N, Tatsuma T, Sato T, Sotomura T (1995) Nature (London) 373:598

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  762. Reddinger JL, Reynolds JR (1997) Macromolecules 30:673

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  763. Reddinger JL, Reynolds JR (1997) Synth Met 84:225

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  764. Roman LS, Anderson MR, Yohannes T, Inganäs O (1997) Adv Mater 9:1164

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  765. Saito M, Endo A, Shimizu K, Sato GP (1995) Chem Lett 1079

    Google Scholar 

  766. Yuan J, Han D, Zhang Y, Shen YF, Wang Z, Zhang Q, Niu L (2007) J Electroanal Chem 599:127

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  767. Sariciftci NS, Heeger AJ (1994) Int J Mod Phys B 8:237

    Google Scholar 

  768. Schopf G, Kossmehl G (1997) Adv Polymer Sci 129:124

    Google Scholar 

  769. Tang C (1986) Appl Phys Lett 48:183

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  770. Tang H, Kitani A, Ito S (1997) Electrochim Acta 42:3421

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  771. Tour JM (1996) Chem Rev 96:537

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  772. Tourillon G, Garnier F (1984) J Phys Chem 88:5281

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  773. Ulmann M, Kostecki R, Augustinski J, Strike DJ, Koudelka-Hep M (1992) Chimia 46:138

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  774. Wang L, Brazis P, Rocci M, Kannewurf CR, Kanatzidis MG (1998) Chem Mater 10:3298

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  775. Wang L, Rocci-Lane M, Brazis P, Kannewurf CR, Kim YI, Lee W, Choy JH, Kanatzidis MG (2000) J Am Chem Soc 122:6629

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  776. Wang Z, Yuan J, Li M, Han D, Zhang Y, Shen Y, Niu L, Ivaska A (2007) J Electroanal Chem 599:121

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

(2008). Classification of Electrochemically Active Polymers. In: Conducting Polymers. Monographs in Electrochemistry. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75930-0_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics