Abstract
This chapter describes the fundamentals of an O2 imaging technique based on the quenched-phosphorescence detection of Pt-porphyrin probes. The wide-field, confocal and multi-photon microscopy and methodological aspects of quenched phosphorescence icO2 imaging techniques, theoretical and practical considerations, are briefly described and critically assessed. This is followed by a comprehensive set of practical examples in which the imaging of various biological models, including conventional cell cultures, spheroids (neurospheres), larger organisms such as C. elegans worms and microfluidic devices were analysed. Critical factors that determine the performance of such imaging experiments are also identified and discussed providing a broad prospective on the possible applications of these techniques, particularly in the studies of cell and tissue physiology, the role of O2 in metabolism, hypoxia and other areas of biomedical research.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Science Foundation Ireland, grant 07/IN.1/B1804, EU projects FP7-MC-IAPP-2009-230641, FP7-HEALTH-2012-INNOVATION-304842-2. Authors wish to thank the researchers who helped with experiments and results presented in this chapter, particularly Dr. Ruslan I. Dmitriev (Biochemistry Department, University College Cork); Dr. Violine See and Anne Herrmann (Institute of Integrative Biology University of Liverpool, UK)—wide-field imaging of SK-N-AS neurospheres; Dr. Yvonne Nolan and Ian O’Brien (Anatomy department, University College Cork)—isolation of primary neurons from rat brain; Dr. Wolfgang Becker and Axel Bergmann (Becker & Hickl GmbH, Germany)—confocal TCSCP-FLIM measurements; Mr. Zoltan Soltesz and Dr. Mario de Bono (Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, UK)—wide-field imaging of C. elegans; Dr. Maciej Skolimowski, Prof. Jenny Emneus (Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen), Mr. Norbert Galler (Graz University of Technology, Austria)—measurements in microfluidic biochips; Dr. Sergei Borisov (Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Austria)—synthesis of the microparticle probe.
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Fercher, A., Zhdanov, A.V., Papkovsky, D.B. (2012). O2 Imaging in Biological Specimens. In: Phosphorescent Oxygen-Sensitive Probes. SpringerBriefs in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Springer, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-0525-4_3
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