Abstract
The paired vertebral arteries are the first and largest branches of the subclavian arteries. They arise from the subclavian arteries, usually ascend through the transverse processes of the upper six cervical vertebrae, pass behind the lateral masses of the atlas, enter the dura mater behind the occipital condyles, ascend through the foramen magnum to the front of the medulla, and join the contralateral vertebral artery to form the basilar artery at the pontomedullary junction. Each artery is divided into intradural and extradural parts.
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Campero, A., Rubino, P.A., Rhoton, A.L. (2011). Anatomy of the vertebral artery. In: Pathology and surgery around the vertebral artery. Springer, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-287-89787-0_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-287-89787-0_4
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