Abstract
Many investigators have described the effects of accidental or experimental Cd2+ inntoxication in a wide range of mammalian systems (for reviews see Samarawickrama, 1979; Webb, 1979). There are various common features such as bone demineralisation, hypercalcaemia, anaemia, hypertension, and accumulation of Cd2+ in the liver, then in other tissue, predominantly the kidney. Among the consequences of Cd2+ nephrotoxicity are various cellular and biochemical effects, proteinuria, glucosuria, hypercalciuria and amingaciduria (Piscator, 1986; Samarawickrama, 1979). On administration, Cd2+ is bound to thionein, a low molecular weight protein synthesised in the liver. The resulting metallothionein builds up, and is slowly released by the liver. In the kidney it can pass through the glommruli and be reabsorbed. At a certain total level of the metal, some Cd2+ will not be bound in metallothionein and can therefore exert a toxic effect (Piscator, 1986) .
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Barnard, T. and Afzelius, B.A., 1972. The matrix granules of mitochondria: a review, Sub-Cell, Biochem. 1:373.
Duffy, J.L., Suzuki, Y. and Churg, J., 1971. Acute calcium nephropathy. Early proximal tubule changes in the rat kidney, Arch. Pathol., 91:340.
Faeder, E.J., Chaney, S.Q., King, I.C., Hinners, T.A., Bruce, R. and Fowler, B.A., 1977. Biochemical and ultrastructural changes in livers of cadmium-treated rats, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 39:472.
Ghadially, F.N., 1982. “Ultrastructural Pathology of the Cell and Matrix,” 2nd ed., Butterworths, London.
Hoffman, E.O., Cook, J.A., DiLuzio, N.R. and Coover, J.A., 1975. The effects of acute cadmium administration in the liver and kidney of the rat, Lab. Invest., 32:655.
Jenis, E.H. and Lowenthal, D.T., 1977. “Kidney Biopsy Interpretation,” F.A. Davis, Philadelphia.
Matthews, J.L., Martin, J. H., Arsenis, C., Einstein, R. and Kuettner, K., 1971. The role of mitochondria in intracellular regulation, In: “Cellular Mechanisms for Calcium Transfer and Homeostasis,” G. Nichols and R.H. Wasserman, eds. , Academic Press, New York.
Mustapha, M.G. and Cross, C.E., 1971 . Pulmonary alveolar macrophage. Oxidative metabolism of isolated cells and mitochondria and effect of cadmium ion on electron- and energy-transfer reactions. Biochemistry, 10:4176.
Peachey, L.D., 1964. Electron microscopic observations on the accumulation of divalent cations in intramitochondrial granules, J. Cell Biol., 20:95.
Piscator, M., 1986. The nephropathy of chronic cadmium poisoning, In: “Cadmium,” Handbook Experimental Pharmamacology, 80, E.C. Foulkes, ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Prashad, D.N., Hawkins, E.A., Blackburn, R. and Haslam, J., 1986. Cadmium induced changes of renal haemodynamics in the domestic fowl, Experientia, 42:389.
Samarawickrama, G.P., 1979. Biological effects of cadmium in mammals, In: “The Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biology of Cadmium,” M. Webb, ed., North Holland, Amsterdam.
Sanadi, D.R., Langley, M. and White, F., 1959. Ketoglutaric dehydrogenase VII. The role of thioctic acid, J. Biol. Chem., 234:183.
Schroeder, H.A., 1964. Cadmium hypertension in rats, Am. J. Physiol., 207:62.
Sturkie, P.D., 1973. Effects of cadmium on electrocardiogram, blood pressure and haematocrit of chickens, Avian Dis., 17:106.
Webb, M., 1964. The biological action of cobalt and other metals IV. Inhibition of alpha-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, Biochem, Biophvs. Acta, 89:431.
Webb, M., 1979. Interactions of cadmium and cellular components, In: “The Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biology of Cadmium,” M. Webb, ed., North Holland, Amsterdam.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1989 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Blackburn, R.O., Prashad, D.N., Whitehead, C. (1989). Nephrotoxicity of Cadmium in Chickens. In: Bach, P.H., Lock, E.A. (eds) Nephrotoxicity. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2040-2_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2040-2_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-2042-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-2040-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive