Abstract
The problem of pain in children has received little attention in the medical and psychological literature. In contrast to the wealth of information concerning theory research, and clinical application in the area of pain management with adult patients, the literature on assessment and management of children’s pain is characterized almost exclusively by anecdotal reports and by the absence of systematic, controlled research. The paucity of relevant literature on pediatric pain was illustrated by Eland and Anderson (1977) who conducted a thorough search of the medical literature on pain from 1970 and 1975. The search revealed 1350 articles on pain, yet only 33 of these dealt with pediatric pain. Furthermore, the 33 articles were almost all related to differential diagnosis or specific diagnostic examinations to be done and contained little or no data on assessment or treatment of children’s pain behaviors. Since 1975, psychologists have begun to address the problem of pain in children through research as well as clinical application. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a concise overview of the psychological literature on assessment and intervention in pediatrics.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abu-Saad, H. and Holzemer, W.L., 1981, Measuring children’s self assessment of pain, Iss Comprehen Ped Nurs, 5:337
Agras, S., Sylvester, D. and Oliveau, D., 1969, The epidemiology of common fears and phobias, Comprehen Psych, 10:151
Andolsek, K. and Novik, B., 1980, Use of hypnosis with children, J_ Fam Prac, 10(3):503
Apley, J., 1967, The child with recurrent abdominal pain, Ped Clin North Am, 14(1):63
Apley, J., 1975, “The Child with Abdominal Pains,”Blackwell, Oxford England
Apley, J. and MacKeith, R. 1962,“The Child and His Symptoms” Black-well, Oxford, England
Ayer, W.A., 1973, Use of visual imagery in needle phobic children, J Dentistry for Children, 40:41
Barr, R.G., 1983, Recurrent abdominal pain, in: “Development Behavioral Pediatrics,” M.D. Levine, W.B. Carey, A.C. Croker, and R.T. Gross, eds., W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia
Beales, J.G., 1979, Pain in children with cancer, in: “Advances in Pain Research and Therapy,” J.J. Bonica and W.F. White, eds., Raven Press, New York
Bille, B., 1982, Migraine in childhood and its prognosis, Cephala-gia, 1:71
Bonica, J.J., 1979, Introduction to management of pain of advanced cancer, in: “Advances in Pain Research and Therapy,” J.J. Bonica and V. Ventafridda, eds., Vol. 2, Raven Press, New York
Brown, J.K., 1977, Migraine and migraine equivalents in children, Dev Med Child Neurology, 19:683
Cassell, S., 1965, Effects of brief puppet therapy upon the emotion al responses of children undergoing cardiac catherization, J Con Clin Psychol, 29:1
Christensen, M.F. and Mortensen, O., 1975, Long-term prognosis in children with recurrent abdominal pain, Arch Pis Child, 50: 110
Curless, R.G. and Corrigan, J.J., 1976, Headache in classical hemophilia: The risk of diagnostic procedures, Child’s Brain, 2: 187
Dash, J., 1981, Rapid hypno-behavioral treatment of a needle phobia in a five-year-old patient, J Ped Psychol, 6:34
Deubner, D.R., 1977, An epidemiologic study of migraine headache in 10–20 year olds. Headache, 17:173
Diamond, S., 1979, Biofeedback and headache, Headache, 19:180
Diamack, H.G., 1960, “The Child in the Hospital: A Study of His Emotional and Social Weil-Being,” Davis, Philadelphia
Eland, J.M. and Anderson, J.E., 1977, The experience of pain in children, in: “Pain: A Sourcebook for Nurses and Other Health Professionals,” A. Jacox, ed., Little, Brown and Company, Boston
Elliott, C.H. and Olson, R.A., in press, The management of children’s behavioral distress in response to painful medical treatment for burn injuries, Behavior Research and Therapy
Epstein, L., 1976, Psychophysiological measurement in assessment, in “Behavioral Assessment: A Practical Handbook,” M. Hersen and A.S. Bellack, eds., Pergamon, New York
Ferguson, J.M., Taylor, C.B. and Wermuth, B., 1978, A rapid behavioral treatment for needle phobias, J Ner Mental Disease, 166: 294
Fernald, C.D. and Corry, J., 1981, Emphathic versus directive preparation of children for needles, Child Health Care, 10:44
Fordyce, W., 1976,Behavioral Methods for Chronic Pain and Illness Mosby, St. Louis
Gardner, G.G. and Olness, K., 1981, “Hypnosis and Hypnotherapy with Children,” Grune and Stratton, New York
Graner, A., 1976, The effects of pain on child, parent, and health professional, in: “Home Care for the Dying Child: Professional and Family Perspectives,” J.M. Martinson, ed., Appleton-Century Crofts, New York
Green, M., 1983, Headache, in “Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics” M.D. Levine, W.B. Carey, A.C. Croker, and R.T. Gross, eds., W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia
Green, M., 1983b, Sources in pain, in “Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics,” M.D. Levine, W.B. Carey, A.C. Corker, and R.T. Gross, eds., W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia
Ă–aslam, D.R., 1969, Age and the perception of pain, Psychon Sci, 15:86
Heyn, R.M., Beatty, E.C., Hammond, D., Louis, J., Pierce, M., Murphy, M.L. and Severo, N., 1966, Vincristine in the treatment of acute leukemia in children, Pediatrics, 38(5):82
Huskisson, E., 1974, Measurement of pain, Lancet, 2:1127
Jay, S.M. and Elliott, C.H., 1983, Psychological intervention for pain in pediatric cancer patients, in: “Pediatric Oncology,” Vol. 3, G.B. Humphrey, L.P. Dehner, G.B. Grindey and R.T. Acton, eds., Martinus Nijhoff, Boston
Jay, S.M., Ozolins, M., Elliott, C.H. and Caldwell, S., 1983, Assessment of children’s distress during painful medical procedures, Health Psychol, 2(2):133
Johnson, B.M., 1974, Before hospitalization: A preparation program for the child and his family, Child Today, 3:18
Johnson, J.E., Kirckhoff, K.T. and Endress, M.P., 1975, Altering children’s distress behavior during orthopedic cast removal, Nursing Res, 24:404
Katz, R.C., 1974, Single session recovery from hemodialysis phobia: A case study, J Behav Ther Exper Psych, 5:205
Katz, E.R., Kellerman, J. and Siegel, S.E., 1980, Behavioral dis tress in children undergoing medical procedures: Developmental considerations, J Con Clin Psychol, 48(3):356
Katz, E.R., Sharp, B., Kellerman, J., Marston, A.R., Hershman, J.M. and Siegel, S.E., 1982, Beta-Endorphin immunoreactivity and acute behavioral distress in children with leukemia, J Nerv Men Pis, 170(2):72
Katz, E.R., Varni, J.W. and Jay, S.M., in press, Behavioral assessment and management of pediatric pain, in: “Progress in Behavior Modification,” M. Hersen, R.M. Eisler, and P.M. Miller, eds., Academic Press, New York
Kellerman, J., Zeltzer, L., Ellenberg, L. and Dash, J., 1983, Adolescents with cancer: Hypnosis for the reduction of the acute pain and anxiety associated with medical procedures, J Adoles Health Care, 4(2):85
Kilko, D.J. and Milan, M.A., 1980, Misconception correction through reading in the treatment of a self-injection phobia. J Behav Ther Exper Psych, 11:173
Korsch, B.M., 1961, Psychologic reactions to physical illness in children. 107th Annual Session of the Medical Association of Georgia, Atlanta, 50:519
Lang, P., 1971, The application of psychophysiological methods, in: “Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change,” A. Bergen and S. Garfield, eds., Wiley, New York
Lindsay, S.J.E. and Roberts, G.J., 1980, Methods for behavioral research on dentally anxious children, Br Dental Jour, 149:175
Lipowski, Z.J., 1970, Physical illness, the individual, and the coping process, Psych Med, 1:91
McCue, K, 1980, Preparing children for medical procedures, in “Psychological Aspects of Childhood Cancer,” J. Kellerman, ed., Charles C. Thomas, Springfield
Meichenbaum, D., 1977, “Cognitive Behavior Modification,” Plenum, New York
Meichenbaum, D. and Turk, K., 1976,The cognitive-behavioral management of anxiety, anger, and pain, in “The Behavioral Management of Anxiety, Depression, and Pain,” P. Davidson, ed., Brunner/Mazel, New York
Melamed, B.G., 1979, Behavioral approaches to fear in dental setings,Prog Behav Mod, 7:171
Melamed, B.G., Hawes, R., Heiby, E. and Gluck, J., 1975, The use of film modeling to reduce uncooperative behavior of children during dental treatment, J Dental Res, 54:797
Melamed, B.G., Myer, R., Gee, C. and Soule, L., 1976, The influence of time and type of preparation on children’s adjustment to hospitalization, J Ped Psych, 1:31
Melamed, B.G. and Siegel, L.J., 1975, Reduction of anxiety in chil dren facing hospitalization and surgery by use of filmed modeling, J Con Clin Psychol, 43(4):511
Melamed, B.G. and Siegel, L., 1980, “Behavioral Medicine,” Springer Verlag, New York
Melamed, B.G., Weinstein, D., Hawes, R. and Katin-Borland, M., 1975 Reduction of fear-related dental management problems using filmed modeling, J Am Dental Assoc, 90:822
Melamed, B.G., Yurcheson, R., Fleece, E., Hurcherson, S. and Hawes, R., 1978, Effects of film modeling on the reduction of anxiety-related behaviors in individuals varying in levels of previous experience in the stress situation, J Con Clin Psy chol, 46(6): 1357
Miller, A.J. and Kratochwill, T.R., 1979, Reduction of frequent stomach ache complaints by time out, Behav Ther, 10:211
Miller, S.M., 1979, Coping with impending stress: Psychophysiologi cal and cognitive correlates of choice, Psychophysiol, 16: 572
Moe, P.G., 1978, Headaches in children: Meeting the challenge of management, Postgraduate Med, 63:169
Morgan, P.H., Wright, L.E., Ingersoll, B.D. and Seime, R.J., 1980, Children’s perceptions of the dental experience, J Dentistry for Children, 47:243
Neuhauser, C., Amsterdam, B., Hines, P. and Steward, M. 1978, Children’s concepts of healing: Cognitive development and locus of control factors, Am J Orthopsychiatry, 48:334
Nimmer, W.H. and Kapp, R., 1975, A multiple impact program for the treatment of injection phobias, J Behav Ther Exper Psych, 5: 257
Nocella, J. and Kaplan, R.M., 1982, Training children to cope with dental treatment, J Ped Psychol, 1:175
Oster, J., 1972, Recurrent abdominal pain, headache and limb pains in children and adolescents, Pediatrics, 50:429
Parkin, S.F., 1981, The effect of ambient music upon the reactions of children undergoing dental treatment, J Dent Child, 48:430
Perry, S. and Heidrich, G. 1982, Management of pain during debridement: A survey of U.S. burn units, Pain, 13:267
Peterson, L. and Ridley-Johnson, R., 1980, Pediatric hospital response to survey on prehospital preparation for children, J Ped Psychol, 5:1
Peterson, L. and Shigetoni, C, 1981, The use of coping techniques to minimize anxiety in hospitalized children, Behav Ther, 12:1
Sanders, S.H. 1979, Behavioral assessment and treatment of clinical pain: Appraisal and current status, in, “Progress in Behavior Modification,” M. Hersen, R.M. Eisler, and P.M. Miller, eds., Academic Press, New York
Sank, L.I. and Biglan, A., 1974, Operant treatment of a case of recurrent abdominal pain in a 10-year-old boy, Behav Ther, 5:677
Shaw, E.G. and Routh, D.K., 1982, Effect of mother’s presence on children’s reaction to aversive procedures, J Ped Psychol, 1(1):33
Scott, R., 1978, It hurts red: A preliminary study of children’s perception of pain, Perceptual and Motor Skills, 47:787
Sheridan, M., 1975, Talk time for hospitalized children, Social Work, 20:40–44
Sheskin, R.B., Klein, H. and Lowenthal, U., 1982, Assessment of children’s anxiety throughout dental treatment by their drawings, J Dent Child, 49:99
Siegel, L.J. and Peterson, L., 1980, Stress reduction in young dental patients through coping skills and sensory information, J Con Clin Psychol, 48:785
Siegel, L.J. and Peterson, L., 1981, Maintenance effects of coping skills and sensory information on young children’s response to repeated dental procedures, Behav Ther, 12:530
Simeonsson, R.J., Buckley, L. and Monson, L., 1979, Conceptions of illness causality in hospitalized children, J Ped Psychol, 4: 77
Sternbach, R.A., 1974, “Pain Patients: Traits and Treatments,” Academic Press, New York
Sternbach, R., 1968, “Pain: A Psychophysiological Analysis,” Academic Press, New York
Stickler, G.B. and Murphy, D.B., 1979, Recurrent abdominal pain, Am J Diseases of Children, 133:484
Tomasi, L.G., 1979, Headaches in children, Comp Therapy, 5:13
Travis, G., 1976, “Chronic Illness in Children: Its Impact on Child and Family,” University Press, Stanford
Turk, D. 1978, Cognitive behavioral techniques in the management of pain, in: “Cognitive Behavior Therapy,” J.P. Foreyt and D.P. Rathjen, eds., Plenum Press, New York
Turnage, J.R. and Logan, D., 1974, Treatment of a hypodermic needle phobia by in. vivo desensitization. J Behav Ther Exp Psych, 5:67
Varni, J.W., 1981, Self-regulation techniques in the management of chronic arthritic pain in hemophilia, Behav Ther, 12:185
Varni, J.W., 1983, Acute and chronic pain, in: “Clinical Behavioral Pediatrics: An Interdisciplinary Approach,” J.W. Varni, ed., Pergamon Press, New York
Varni, J.W., Bessman, C., Russo, D.C. and Caltaldo, M.F., 1980, Behavioral management of chronic pain in children: Case study, Arch Physical Med and Rehab, 61:375
Varni, J.W., Gilbert, A. and Dietrich, S.L., 1981, Behavioral medicine in pain and analgesia management for the hemophiliac child with factor VIII inhibitor, Pain, 11:121
Varni, J.W., Katz, E. and Dash, J., 1982, Behavioral and neurochemical aspects of pediatric pain, in: “Behavioral pediatrics: Research and practice,” D.C. Russo and J.W. Varni, eds., Plenum Press, New York
Venham, L., Bengston, D. and Cipes, M. 1977, Children’s response to sequential dental visits, J Dental Res, 56:454
Venham, C.L., Gaulin-Kremer, E., Munster, E., Bengston-Audia, D. &Cohan, J., 1980, Interval rating scales for children’s dental anxiety and uncooperative behavior, Ped Dentistry, 2:195
Vernon, D.T., Foley, J.M., Sipowicz, R.R. and Shulman, J.L., 1965, “The Psychologial Responses of Children to Hospitalization and Illness,” Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL
Wakeman, R.J. and Kaplan, J.Z., 1978, An experimental study of hypnosis in painful burns, Am J Clin Hypnosis, 21:3
Weinstein, P., Getz, T., Ratener, P. and Domoto, P., 1982, The effect of dentists’ behaviors on fear-related behaviors in children, J Am Dental Assoc, 104:32
White, J.R., 1975, Effects of counterirritant on perceived pain and hand movements in patients with arthritis, Phys Ther, 53:956
Willis, D., Elliott, C.M. and Jay, S.M. 1982, Psychological effects of physical illness and its concomitants, in: “Handbook for the Practice of Pediatric Psychology,” J. Tuma, ed., John Wiley, New York
Wolfer, J.A. and Visentainer, M.A., 1975, Pediatric surgical patients’ and parents’ stress responses and adjustment, Nursing Res, 24:244
Zeltzer, L.K., Dash, J. and Holland, J.P. 1979, Hypnotically induced pain control in sickle cell anemia, Pediatrics, 64:533
Zeltzer, L. and Lebaron, S., 1982, Hypnosis and nonhypnotic techniques for reduction of pain and anxiety during painful procedures in children and adolescents with cancer, J Pediatrics, 101(6):1032
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1985 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Jay, S.M. (1985). Pain in Children: An Overview of Psychological Assessment and Intervention. In: Zeiner, A.R., Bendell, D., Walker, C.E. (eds) Health Psychology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4901-3_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4901-3_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-4903-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-4901-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive