Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Lymphatic Metastasis of Neoplasms

  • Chapter
The Reticuloendothelial System

Abstract

Human cancers commonly metastasize by the lymphatics to draining lymph nodes. The existence of lymphatic vessels has been known since the observations of Aselli in 1622 and the fact that cancer can spread to lymph nodes was “well-known”to Pearson in 1793 (reviewed by Mayerson, 1969; Onuigbo, 1972). Recent advances in our knowledge of metastasis have been founded largely on studies of hematogenous metastasis (Fidler et al. , 1978; Roos and Dingemans, 1979; Poste and Fidler, 1980). Less work has been done on lymphatic metastasis (reviewed by van de Velde and Carr, 1977; Carr and Carr, 1980).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Becker, E. F., 1978, Patterns of spontaneous metastasis of transplantable hepatocellular carcinomas, Cancer Res. 38:163.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bogden, A. E., and Esber, H. J., 1978, Influence of surgery, irradiation, chemotherapy, and immu-notherapy on growth of a metastasizing rat mammary adenocarcinoma, Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 49:97.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bogden, A. E., Esber, H. J., Taylor, D. J., and Gray, J. H., 1974, Comparative study on the effects of surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, alone and in combination, on metastases of the 13762 mammary adenocarcinoma, Cancer Res. 34:1627.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Butler, T. P., Grantham, F. H., and Gullino, P. M., 1975, Bulk transfer of fluid in the interstitial compartment of mammary tumors, Cancer Res. 35:3084.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carr, I., 1977, The passage of macrophages across lymphatic walls by reverse diapedesis:An ultrastructural study, J. Reticuloendothelial Soc. 6:397.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carr, I., 1980, The pathologist’s role in interpreting metastatic lymph node disease, in:Lymphatic System Metastasis (L. Weiss, H. A. Gilbert, and S. C. Ballon, eds.), pp. 138–154, Hall, Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carr, I., and Carr, J., 1980, Experimental lymphatic invasion and metastasis, in:Lymphatic System Metastasis (L. Weiss, H. A. Gilbert, and S. C. Ballon, eds.), pp. 41–73, Hall, Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carr, I., and McGinty, F., 1974, Lymphatic metastasis and its inhibition:An experimental model, J. Pathol. 113:85.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carr, I., and McGinty, F., 1976, Neoplastic invasion and metastasis within the lymphoreticular system, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 73(B):319.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carr, I., McGinty, F., Potter, C., and Westby, S., 1974a, Lymphatic metastasis of transplantable animal neoplasms, Experientia 30:185.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carr, I., Underwood, J. C. E., McGinty, F., and Wood, P., 1974b, The ultrastructure of the local lymphoreticular response to an experimental neoplasm, J. Pathol. 113:175.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carr, I., McGinty, F., and Norris, P., 1976a, The fine structure of neoplastic invasion:Invasion of liver, skeletal muscle and lymphatic vessels by the Rd/3 tumour, J. Pathol. 118:91.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carr, I., Price, P., and Westby, S., 1976b, The effects of tumor extract on macrophage proliferation in lymph nodes, J. Pathol. 120:251.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carr, J., Carr, I., Dreher, B., and Betts, K., 1980, Lymphatic metastasis:Invasion of lymphatic vessels and efflux of tumour cells in the afferent popliteal lymph as seen in the Walker rat carcinoma, J. Pathol. 132:287.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carr, I., Carr, J., and Dreher, B., 1981, Lymphatic metastasis of mammary adenocarcinoma:An experimental study in the rat with a brief review of the literature, Invasion Metastasis 1:34–53.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carter, R. L., 1978a, General pathology of the metastatic process, in:Secondary Spread of Cancer (R. W. Baldwin, ed.), pp. 1–52, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carter, R. L., 1978b, Lymphoreticular reactions and the metastatic process, in: Secondary Spread of Cancer (R. W. Baldwin, ed.), pp. 53–72, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Casley-Smith, J. R., 1976, The functioning and interrelationships of blood capillaries and lymphatics, Experientia 32:1.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crile, G., Jr., 1968, The effect on metastasis of removing or irradiating regional nodes of mice, Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 126:1270.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crile, G., Jr., Isbister, W., and Deodhar, S. D., 1971, Demonstration that large metastases in lymph nodes disseminate cancer cells to blood and lungs, Cancer 28:657.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fidler, I. J., and Hoover, H. C., 1980, Lymph node and visceral metastasis of cloned murine fibrosar-coma cell lines, in: Lymphatic System Metastasis (L. Weiss, H. A. Gilbert, and S. C. Ballon, eds.), pp. 80–90, Hall, Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fidler, I. J., and Kripke, K. L., 1977, Metastasis results from preexisting variant cells within a malignant tumor, Science 197:893.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fidler, I. J., Gersten, D. M., and Hart, I. R., 1978, The biology of cancer invasion and metastasis, Adv. Cancer Res. 28:149.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finlay-Jones, J. J., Bartholomaeus, W. N., Fimmel, P. J., Keast, D., and Stanley, N. F., 1980, Biologic and immunologic studies on a murine model of regional lymph node metastasis, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 64:1363.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, B., and Fisher, E. R., 1966, Transmigration of lymph nodes by tumor cells, Science 152:1397.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Franchi, G., Innocenti, I. R.-D., Rosso, R., and Garattini, S., 1968, Lymph-node metastases after intratibial transplantation of tumors, Int. J. Cancer 3:765.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldenberg, D. M., Sharkey, R. M., and Primus, F. J., 1976, Carcinoembryonic antigen in histo-pathology: Immunoperoxidase staining of conventional tissue sections, J.Natl. Cancer Inst. 57:11

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haagensen, C. D., 1972, in:The Lymphatics in Cancer (C. D. Haagensen, C. R. Feind, F. C. Herter, C. A. Slanetz, and J. A. Weinberg, eds.), pp. 14–21, Saunders, Philadelphia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagmar, B., and Ryd, W., 1978, Metastasis spread from syngeneic murine tumours: Establishment of a test protocol for comparisons between ascites tumours and their progenitors, Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. Sect.A 86:231.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanna, M. G., Jr., and Peters, L. C., 1978, Specific immunotherapy of established visceral microme-tastases by BCG-tumor cell vaccine alone or as an adjunct to surgery, Cancer 42:2613.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hanna, M. G., Jr., Zbar, B., and Rapp, H. J., 1972, Histopathology of tumor regression after intralesional injection of Mycobacterium bovis. I. Tumor growth and metastasis, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 48:1441.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Herman, P. G., Kim, C.-S., de Sousa, M. A. B., and Mellins, H. Z., 1976, Microcirculation of the lymph node with metastases, Am. J. Pathol. 85:333.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hewitt, H. B., and Blake, E. R., 1975, Quantitative studies of translymphnodal passage of tumour cells naturally disseminated from a non-immunogenic murine squamous carcinoma, Br. J. Cancer 31:25.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hewitt, H. B., and Blake, E. R., 1977, Further studies of the relationship between lymphatic dissemination and lymphnodal metastasis in non-immunogenic murine tumours, Br. J. Cancer 35:415.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jobsis, A. C., de Vries, G. P., Anholt, R. R. H., and Sanders, G. T. B., 1978, Demonstration of the prostatic origin of metastases, Cancer 41:1788.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, U., 1970, Metastasizing mammary carcinomas in rats: Their induction and study of their immunogenicity, Science 167:72.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, U., Baumler, A., Carruthers, C., and Bielat, K., 1975, Immunological escape mechanisms in spontaneously metastasizing mammary tumours, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72:1012.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kodama, T., Gotohda, E., Takeichi, N., Kuzumaki, N., and Kobayashi, H., 1974, Histopathology of immunologic regression of tumor metastasis in the lymph nodes, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 52:931.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kohno, K., Yamaguchi, T., and Takahashi, T., 1979, An experimental study of the spread of tumor cells through the lymph node, Tohoku J. Exp. Med. 127:183.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kramer, R. H., and Nicolson, G. L., 1979, Interactions of tumor cells with vascular endothelial cell monolayers: A model for metastatic invasion, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76:5704.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kreider, J. W., Bartlett, G. L., and Purnell, D. M., 1976, Suitability of rat mammary adenocarcinoma 13762 as a model for BCG immunotherapy, J. Natl. Cancer inst. 56:797.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kreider, J. W., Bartlett, G. L., Purnell, D. M., and Webb, S., 1978a, Immunotherapy of an established rat mammary adenocarcinoma (13762A) with intratumor injection of Corynebacterium parvum, Cancer Res. 38:689.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kreider, J. W., Bartlett, G. L., Purnell, D. M., and Webb, S., 1978b, Destruction of regional lymph node metastases of rat mammary adenocarcinoma 13762A by treatment with Corynebacterium parvum, Cancer Res. 38:4522.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kreider, J. W., Bartlett, G. L., and Purnell, D. M., 1980, Immunotherapy of post operative metastases of 13762A rat mammary adenocarcinoma. Comparative effectiveness of BCG substrains and methods of preparation, Cancer 46:500.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leak, L. V., and Burke, J. F., 1966, Fine structure of the lymphatic capillary and the adjoining connective tissue area, Am. J. Anat. 118:785.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leak, L. V., and Burke, J. F., 1968, Ultrastructural studies on the lymphatic anchoring filaments, J. Cell Biol. 36:129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, Y.-T. N. M., 1980a, The surgeon’s approach to lymph node biopsy and dissection, in:Lymphatic System Metastasis (L. Weiss, H. A. Gilbert, and S. C. Ballon, eds.), pp. 119–137, Hall, Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, Y.-T. N. M., 1980b, Lymph node involvement in soft tissue and bone sarcoma, in:Lymphatic System Metastasis (L. Weiss, H. A. Gilbert, and S. C. Ballon, eds.), pp. 410–433, Hall, Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liotta, L. A., Tryggvason, K., Garbisa, S., Hart, I., Foltz, C. M., and Shafie, S., 1980, Metastatic potential correlates with enzymatic degradation of basement membrane collagen, Nature (London ) 284:67.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ludwig, J., and Titus, J. L., 1967, Experimental tumor cell emboli in lymph nodes, Arch. Pathol. 84:304.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luncksen, C., and Strauli, P., 1975, Penetration of an ascitic reticulum cell sarcoma of the golden hamster into the body wall and through the diaphragm, Virchows Arch. B. 17:247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayerson, H. S., 1969, Three centuries of lymphatic history—An outline, Lymphology 2:143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, J. V., and Dixon, B. , 1977, Metastasis of a transplantable mammary tumour in rats treated with cyclophosphamide and/or irradiation, Br. J. Cancer 36:221.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura, T., Mine, H., Okudaira, Y., Yaita, A., Sugimachi, K., Ueo, H., Natsuda, Y., and Inokuchi, K., 1978, Mode of lymphatic metastasis in the esophageal cancer using VX2 carcinoma in rabbits, Nippon Kyobu Geka Gakkai Zasshi 26:656.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Onuigbo, W. I., 1972, Historical data on the dynamics of lymphatic metastasis, Oncology 26:505.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, P. E., and Wolfe, H. J., 1978, Immunocytochemical localization of oncodevelopmental proteins in human germ cell and hepatic tumors, J. Histochem. Cytochem. 26:523.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, P. E., Safari, H., and Wolfe, H. J., 1976, Alpha1antitrypsin and alpha-fetoprotein protein markers in endodermal sinus (yolk-sac) tumors, Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 65:575.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perez, C. A., Stewart, C. C., Palmer-Hanes, L. A., and Powers, W. E., 1973, Role of the regional lymph nodes in the cure of a murine lymphosarcoma, Cancer 32:562.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pickren, J. W., 1961, Significance of occult metastases: A study of breast cancer, Cancer 14:1266.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plotkin, D., 1980, Chemotherapy of lymph node metastases: Differential response, in:Lymphatic System Metastasis (L. Weiss, H. A. Gilbert, and S. C. Ballon, eds.), pp. 200–209, Hall, Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pollard, M., and Luckert, P. H., 1975, Transplantable metastasizing prostate adenocarcinoma in rats, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 54:643.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poste, G., and Fidler, I. J., 1980, The pathogenesis of cancer metastasis, Nature (London) 283:139.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pullinger, B. D., and Florey, H. W., 1935, Some observations on the structure and function of lymphatics: Their behaviour in local oedema, Br. J. Exp. Pathol. 16:49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rappaport, D. S., and Brown, J. M., 1979, Influence of localized preinoculation irradiation of the foot on lymphatic metastasis from a primary tumor growing in the foot, Radiat. Res. 78:108.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roos, E., and Dingemans, K. P., 1979, Mechanisms of metastasis, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 560:135.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sato, H., 1961, Study on the role of cancer chemotherapy for prevention of lymph node metastases, Cancer Chemother. Rep. 13:33.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silberberg-Sinakin, I., and Thorbecke, F. J., 1980, The Langerhans cell, in: The Reticuloendothelial System , Vol. 1, Morphology (I. Carr and W. T. Daems, eds.), pp. 555–605, Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sparks, F. C., O’Connell, T. X., Lee, Y.-T. N., and Breeding, J. H., 1974, BCG therapy given as an adjuvant to surgery: Prevention of death from metastases from mammary adenocarcinoma in rats, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 53:1825.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stein-Werblowsky, R., 1978, On the lymphatic spread of cancer, Experientia 34:1340.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stoker, T. A. M., 1969a, The effect of cortisone therapy and limb exercise on the dissemination of cancer via the lymphatic system, Br. J. Cancer 23:132.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stoker, T. A. M., 1969b, The effect of cortisone therapy and limb exercise on the retention of tumour cells by the regional lymph node, Br. J. Cancer 23:136.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi, T., Mizuno, M., Fujita, Y., Ueda, S., Nishioka, B., and Majima, S., 1973, Increased concentration of anticancer agents in regional lymph nodes by fat emulsion, with special reference to chemotherapy of metastasis, Gann 64:345.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi, T., Ueda, S., Kono, K., and Majima, S., 1976, Attempt at local administration of anticancer agents in the form of fat emulsion, Cancer 38:1507.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi, T., Kono, K., Yamaguchi, T., Watanabe, S., and Majima, S., 1977, Enhancement of chemotherapeutic effect on lymph node metastasis by anticancer agents in fat emulsion, Gann Monogr. Cancer Res. 20:195.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takazawa, H., and Shimizu, S., 1976, An experimental model for lymphatic metastasis in rats, Gann 67:403.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tarin, D. (ed.), 1972, Morphologic studies on the mechanisms of carcinogenesis, in:Tissue Interactions in Carcinogenesis , pp. 227–289, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tjernberg, B., and Zajicek, J., 1965, Cannulation of lymphatics leaving cancerous nodes in studies on tumor spread, Acta Cytol. 9:197

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsukagoshi, S.., Inouye, T., and Sakurai, Y., 1973, Chemotherapy of lymph node metastasis by thigh and footpad inoculation of mouse leukemia L-1210 cells, Gann 64:189.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, G. A., and Weiss, L., 1980, Some effects of products from necrotic regions of tumours on the in vitro migration of cancer and peritoneal exudate cells, Int. J. Cancer 26:247.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van de Velde, C. J. H., and Carr, I., 1977, Lymphatic invasion and metastasis, Experientia 33:837.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van de Velde, C. J. H., van Putten, L. M., and Zwaveling, A., 1977a, A new metastasizing mammary carcinoma model in mice: Model characteristics and applications, Eur. J. Cancer 13:555.

    Google Scholar 

  • van de Velde, C. J. H., van Putten, L. M., and Zwaveling, A., 1977b, Effects of regional lympha-denectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy on metastasis and survival in rodent tumour models, Eur. J. Cancer 13:883.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van de Velde, C. J. H., Meyer, C. J. L. M., Cornelisse, C. J., van der Velde, E. A., van Putten, L. M., and Zwaveling, A., 1978, A morphometric analysis of lymph node responses to tumors of different immunogenicity, Cancer Res. 38:661.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Putten, L. M., Kram, L. K. J., van Dierendonck, H. H. C, Smink, T., and Fuzy, M., 1975, Enhancement by drugs of metastatic lung nodule formation after intravenous tumour cell injection, Int. J. Cancer 15:588.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, L., 1980, Metastasis: Differences between cancer cells in primary and secondary tumors, in: Pathology Annual, 1980 , Vol. 10 (H. L. Ioachim, ed.), pp. 51–81, Raven Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, L., and Holmes, J. C, 1980, Some effects of tumor necrosis on components of active cell movement, in:Proteinases and Tumor Invasion (P. Strauli, A. J. Barrett, and A. Baici, eds.), pp. 151–199, Raven Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, L., Gilbert H. A., and Ballon, S. C. (eds.), 1980a, Lymphatic System Metastasis , Hall, Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, L., Haydock, K., Pickren, J. W., and Lane, W. W., 1980b, Organ vascularity and metastatic frequency, Am. J. Pathol. 101:101.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westby, S., McGinty, F., and Carr, I., 1976, A quantitative microscopical study of tumor cell nuclei in lymphatic metastasis using a quantimet, J. Pathol. 119:5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Willis, R. A., 1952, The Spread of Tumors in the Human Body , Butterworths, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoffey, J. M., and Courtice, F. C, 1970, Lymphatics, Lymph and the Lymphomyeloid Complex , Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zbar, B., Bernstein, I. D., Bartlett, G. L., Hanna, M. G., Jr., and Rapp, H. J., 1972, Immunotherapy of cancer: Regression of intradermal tumors and prevention of growth of lymph node metastases after intralesional injection of living Mycobacterium bovis, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 49:119.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zbar, B., Smith, H. G., and Bast, R. C, Jr., 1976, Immunologic eradication of lymph-node metastases, in:BCG in Cancer Immunotherapy (G. Lamoureaux, R. Turcotte, and V. Portelance, eds.), pp. 361–366, Grune & Stratton, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zbar, B., Hunter, J. T., Rapp, H. J., and Canti, G. F., 1978, Immunotherapy of bilateral lymph node metastases in guinea pigs by intralesional or paralesional injection of Mycobacterium bovis (BCG), J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 60:1163.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zeidman, I., 1965, Fate of circulating tumor cells. III. Comparison of metastatic growth produced by tumor cell emboli in veins and lymphatics, Cancer Res. 25:324.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zeidman, I., and Buss, J. M., 1954, Experimental studies on the spread of cancer in the lymphatic system. I. Effectiveness of the lymph node as a barrier to the passage of embolic tumor cells, Cancer Res. 14:403.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba, and St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R2H 2A6

    Ian Carr

  2. Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 0W0

    Jean Carr

Authors
  1. Ian Carr
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jean Carr
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA

    Herman Friedman

  2. Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, USA

    Mario Escobar

  3. Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA

    Sherwood M. Reichard

  4. National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Fredrick, Maryland, USA

    Ronald B. Herberman

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1983 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Carr, I., Carr, J. (1983). Lymphatic Metastasis of Neoplasms. In: Friedman, H., Escobar, M., Reichard, S.M., Herberman, R.B. (eds) The Reticuloendothelial System. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4508-4_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4508-4_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-4510-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-4508-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation