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Pulmonary Autoimmunity and Inflammation

  • Chapter
Pulmonary Immunotoxicology

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Abstract

Of the epithelial surfaces exposed to environmental chemicals and pathogens, the lungs are unique, in that, they have the largest surface area in the body and one that is constantly being exposed to airborne xenobiotics due to respiration. Thus, there must be means to regulate tissue entry and elimination of the foreign constituents in a controlled fashion so that immune hyperresponsiveness is minimized. The ciliary and mucous-producing cells of the respiratory system are aided in this process by leukocytes (white blood cells). Leukocytes are derived from hematopoietic multipotential stem cells located mainly within fetal liver and adult bone marrow. Leukocytes provide all aspects of immune defense which includes: 1) innate (non-antigen specific) reactivity by such cell types as polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs or neutrophils), monocytes/macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells, which are large granular lymphocytes (not B- or T-lymphocytes), and 2) acquired, antigen-specific immunity involving bone marrow-derived B-lymphocytes and thymus-derived T-lymphocytes. Other cells of the hematopoietic system such as mast cells and eosinophils also play significant roles in immune processes within the respiratory system as well as other systems. The biological and chemical reactivities of some of these cell types will be discussed with regard to the delicate homeostatic balance that must be maintained to provide protection against airborne constituents and concomitant limitation of reactions to self.

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  1. Laboratory of Environmental & Clinical Immunology, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, 12201-509, USA

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    Mitchell D. Cohen , Judith T. Zelikoff  & Richard B. Schlesinger ,  & 

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Jeitner, T.M., Lawrence, D. (2000). Pulmonary Autoimmunity and Inflammation. In: Cohen, M.D., Zelikoff, J.T., Schlesinger, R.B. (eds) Pulmonary Immunotoxicology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4535-4_6

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