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Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation and Nutritional Support Regimens

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Diet and Nutrition in Critical Care

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Abstract

As medical technology continues to advance, the incidence of prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) in chronic critical illness (CCI) has increased dramatically. Assessing the nutritional status and needs of CCI patients with PMV poses particular challenges due to significant changes in body composition, fluid shifts, altered metabolic states, and comorbidities. Further, as there is a lack of scientific literature on this patient population, data from acute critical illness research must be examined and clinical judgment utilized in the nutritional assessment and management of these patients. An overview of PMV and CCI is provided, and nutritional status assessment; determination of macro- and micronutrient needs; nutrition intervention, including enteral and oral feeding regimens; and nutritional monitoring are examined.

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Abbreviations

ACI:

Acute critical illness

AND:

Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

ASPEN:

American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition

BMI:

Body mass index

CCI:

Chronic critical illness

CHO:

Carbohydrate

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

CRP:

C-reactive protein

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic acid

EN:

Enteral nutrition

EPA:

Eicosapentaenoic acid

GLA:

Gamma-linolenic acid

GRV:

Gastric residual volume

IC:

Indirect calorimetry

ICU:

Intensive care unit

IV:

Intravenous

LTACH:

Long-term acute care hospital

PEG:

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy

PMV:

Prolonged mechanical ventilation

PN:

Parenteral nutrition

SLP:

Speech language pathologist

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Carondelet St. Mary’s Hospital with TouchPoint Support Services, 1601 W. St. Mary’s Rd, Tucson, AZ, 85745, USA

    Jennifer A. Doley

  2. Department of Pharmacy, Carondelet St. Mary’s Hospital, 1601 W. St. Mary’s Rd, Tucson, AZ, 85745, USA

    Michelle Sandberg PharmD

Authors
  1. Jennifer A. Doley
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  2. Michelle Sandberg PharmD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jennifer A. Doley .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

    Rajkumar Rajendram

  2. School of Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

  3. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom

    Vinood B. Patel

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Doley, J.A., Sandberg, M. (2014). Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation and Nutritional Support Regimens. In: Rajendram, R., Preedy, V., Patel, V. (eds) Diet and Nutrition in Critical Care. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8503-2_44-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8503-2_44-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-8503-2

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