Skip to main content

Family, Culture, Gender, and Mexican American Adolescents’ Academic Success

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Gender Roles in Immigrant Families

Part of the book series: Advances in Immigrant Family Research ((ADIMFAMRES))

Abstract

Mexican American adolescents experience significant barriers to educational success in the United States. It is important to understand the role that families play in counteracting these impediments. This chapter reviews theory and evidence regarding family influences on MA adolescents’ academic engagement and performance. We examine three vectors of influence: family members’ cultural orientations, families’ socioeconomic contexts, and parenting and family relationships. In keeping with the purpose of this volume, we highlight how gender may moderate these influences in Mexican American families. We also identify directions for future research and intervention development.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Alfaro, E., & Umaña-Taylor, A. (2010). Latino adolescents’ academic motivation: The role of siblings. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 32, 549–570. doi:10.1177/0739986310383165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alfaro, E., Umaña-Taylor, A., Gonzales-Backen, M., Bamaca, M., & Zeiders, K. (2009). Latino adolescents’ academic success: The role of discrimination, academic motivation, and gender. Journal of Adolescence, 32, 941–962. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2008.08.007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Azmitia, M., & Brown, J. R. (2002). Latino immigrant parents’ beliefs about the “path of life” of their adolescent children. In J. M. Contreras, K. A. Kerns, & A. M. Neal-Barnett (Eds.), Latino children and families in the United States: Current research and future directions (pp. 77–105). Westport, CT: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Azmitia, M., Cooper, C., & Brown, J. (2009). Support and guidance from families, friends, and teachers in Latino early adolescents’ math pathways. Journal of Early Adolescence, 29, 142–169. doi:10.1177/0272431608324476.

    Google Scholar 

  • Azmitia, M., Cooper, C. R., García, E. E., & Dunbar, N. D. (1996). The ecology of family guidance in low-income Mexican-American and European-American families. Social Development, 5, 1-23. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.1996.tb00069.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beadnell, B., Stielstra, S., Baker, S., Morrison, D. M., Knox, K., Gutierrez, L., et al. (2003). Ethnic identity and sexual risk-taking among African-American women enrolled in an HIV/STD prevention intervention. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 8, 187–198. doi:10.1080/1354850031000087564.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berkel, C., Knight, G., Zeiders, K., Tein, J.-Y., Roosa, M., Gonzales, N., et al. (2010). Discrimination and adjustment for Mexican American adolescents: A prospective examination of the benefits of culturally-related values. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 20, 893–991. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00668.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berry, J. W. (2003). Conceptual approaches to acculturation. In K. M. Chun, P. B. Organista, & G. Marin (Eds.), Acculturation: Advances in theory, measurement and applied research (pp. 17–37). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Blair, S. L., & Cobas, J. A. (2006). Gender differences in young Latino adults’ status attainment: Understanding bilingualism in the familial context. Family Relations, 55, 292–305. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3729.2006.00403.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brindis, C. D., Driscoll, A. K., Biggs, M. A., & Valderrama, L. T. (2002, November). Fact sheet on Latino youth: Families. Retrieved on August 20, 2010, from http://bixbycenter.ucsf.edu/publications/files/Latino.fam.pdf

  • Bruce, E., & Waelde, L. C. (2008). Relationships of ethnicity, ethnic identity, and trauma symptoms to delinquency. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 13, 395–405. doi:10.1080/15325020802171326.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buchmann, C., DiPrete, T. A., & McDaniel, A. (2008). Gender inequalities in education. Annual Review of Sociology, 34, 319–337. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.34.040507.134719 DOI:10.1146%2Fannurev.soc.34.040507.134719.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Catsambis, S. (2001). Expanding knowledge of parental involvement in children’s secondary ­education: Connections with high school seniors’ academic success. Social Psychology of Education, 5, 149–177. doi:10.1023/A:1014478001512.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conger, R., Conger, K., & Martin, M. (2010). Socioeconomic status, family processes, and ­individual development. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72, 685–704. doi:10.1111/j. 1741-3737.2010.00725.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crouter, A. C., Manke, B., & McHale, S. M. (1995). The family context of gender intensification in early adolescence. Child Development, 66, 317–329. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00873.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeGarmo, D. S., & Martinez, C. R. (2006). A culturally informed model of academic well-being for Latino youth: The importance of discriminatory experiences and social support. Family Relations, 70, 1231–1245. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3729.2006.00401.x.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delgado, M., Updegraff, K., Roosa, M., & Umaña-Taylor, A. (2010). Discrimination and Mexican-­Origin adolescents’ adjustment: The moderating roles of adolescents’, mothers’, and fathers’ cultural orientations and values. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40, 125–139. doi:10.1007/s10964-009-9467-z.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeRosier, M. E., & Kupersmidt, J. B. (1991). Costa Rican children’s perceptions of their social networks. Developmental Psychology, 27, 656–662. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.27.4.656.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dishion, T. J., Patterson, G. R., Stoolmiller, M., & Skinner, M. L. (1991). Family, school, and behavioral antecedents to early adolescent involvement with antisocial peers. Developmental Psychology, 27, 172–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Driscoll, A. K. (1999). Risk of high school dropout among immigrant and native Hispanic youth. International Migration Review, 33, 857–875.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dumka, L. E., Gonzales, N. A., Bonds, D., & Millsap, R. (2009). Academic success in Mexican origin adolescent boys and girls: The role of mothers’ and fathers’ parenting and cultural orientation. Sex Roles, 60, 588–599. doi:10.1007/s11199-008-9518-z.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dumka, L., Prost, J., & Barrera, M., Jr. (2002). The parental relationship and adolescent conduct problems in Mexican American and European American families. Journal of Couple and Relationship Therapy, 1, 37–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dumka, L., Roosa, M., & Jackson, K. (1997). Risk, conflict, mothers’ parenting, and children’s adjustment in low-income Mexican immigrant and Mexican American families. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 59, 309–323. doi:10.1300/J398v01n04_02.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eamon, M. K. (2005). Social-demographic, school, neighborhood, and parenting influences on the academic achievement of Latino young adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34, 163–174. doi:10.1007/s10964-005-3214-x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fan, X., & Chen, M. (2001). Parental involvement and students’ academic achievement: A meta-­analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 13, 1–22. doi:10.1023/A:1009048817385.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flores, E., Tschann, J. M., VanOss Marin, B., & Pantoja, P. (2004). Marital conflict and acculturation among Mexican American husbands and wives. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 10, 39–52. doi:10.1037/1099-9809.10.1.39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fuligni, A. J. (2001). Family obligation and the academic motivation of adolescents from Asian, Latin American, and European backgrounds. In A. Fuligni (Ed.), Family obligation and assistance during adolescence: Contextual variations and developmental implications (New Directions in Child and Adolescent Development Monograph) (pp. 61–76). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. doi:10.1002/cd.31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuligni, A. J., Tseng, V., & Lam, M. (1999). Attitudes toward family obligations among American adolescents from Asian, Latin American, and European backgrounds. Child Development, 70, 1030–1044. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00075.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fuligni, A. J., Witkow, M., & Garcia, C. (2005). Ethnic identity and the academic adjustment of adolescents From Mexican, Chinese, and European backgrounds. Developmental Psychology, 41, 799–811. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.41.5.799.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fuligni, A. J., & Yoshikawa, H. (2003). Socioeconomic resources, parenting, poverty, and child development among immigrant families. In M. H. Bornstein & R. Bradley (Eds.), Socioeconomic status, parenting, and child development (pp. 107–124). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • García Coll, C. T., & Vázquez García, H. A. (1995). Hispanic children and their families: On a different track from the very beginning. In H. E. Fitzgerald, B. M. Lester, & B. Zuckerman (Eds.), Children of poverty: Research, health care, and policy issues (pp. 57–83). New York, NY: Garland.

    Google Scholar 

  • German, M., Gonzales, N. A., Bonds, D. D., Dumka, L. E., & Millsap, R. E. (2009). Familism values as a protective factor for Mexican-origin adolescents exposed to deviant peers. Journal of Early Adolescence, 29, 16–42. doi:10.1177/0272431608324475.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonzales, N. A., Dumka, L. E., Millsap, R. S., Gottschall, A., Bonds, D., German, M., et al. (2012). Randomized trial of a broad preventive intervention for Mexican American adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80, 1–16. doi:10.1037/a0026063.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzales, N. A., German, M., Kim, S. Y., George, P., Fabrett, F., Millsap, R., et al. (2008). Mexican American adolescents’ cultural orientation, externalizing behavior and academic engagement: The role of traditional cultural values. American Journal of Community Psychology, 41, 151–164. doi:10.1007/s10464-007-9152-x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzales, N. A., Knight, G. P., Morgan-Lopez, A., Saenz, D., & Sirolli, A. (2002). Acculturation and the mental health of Latino youths: An integration and critique of the literature. In J. M. Contreras, K. A. Kerns, & A. M. Neal-Barnett (Eds.), Latino children and families in the United States: Current research and future directions (pp. 45–74). Westport, CT: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grolnick, W. S., & Slowiaczek, M. L. (1994). Parents’ involvement in children’s schooling: A multidimensional conceptualization and motivational model. Child Development, 65, 237–252. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.89.3.538.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Halgunseth, L. C., Ispa, J. M., & Rudy, D. (2006). Parental control in Latino families: An integrated review of the literature. Child Development, 77, 1282–1297. doi:10.1111/j. 1467-8624.2006.00934.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, N. E., & Tyson, D. (2009). Parental involvement in middle school: A meta-analytic assessment of the strategies that promote achievement. Developmental Psychology, 45, 740–763. doi:10.1037/a0015362.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, D., Smith, E., Johnson, D., Stevenson, H., & Spicer, P. (2006). Parents’ ethnic–racial socialization practices: A review of research and directions for future. Developmental Psychology, 42, 747–770. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.42.5.747.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hurtado-Ortiz, M., & Gauvain, M. (2007). Postsecondary education among Mexican American youth: Contributions of parents, siblings, acculturation, and generational status. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 29, 181–191. doi:10.1177/0739986307299584.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jimerson, S., Campos, E., & Greif, J. (2003). Toward an understanding of definitions and measures of school engagement and related terms. California School Psychologist, 8, 7–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keith, P. B., & Lichtman, M. V. (1994). Does parental involvement influence the academic achievement of Mexican-American eighth graders?: Results from the National Educational Longitudinal Study. School Psychology Quarterly, 9, 256–272. doi:10.1037/h0088292.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lerner, R. M., Castellino, D. R., Terry, P. A., Vilarruel, F. A., & McKinney, M. H. (1995). Developmental contextual perspective on parenting. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting (Vol. 2, pp. 285–309). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lopez, E., Ehley, S., & Garcia-Vazquez, E. (2002). Acculturation, social support, and academic achievement of Mexican and Mexican American high school students: An exploratory study. Psychology in the Schools, 39, 245–257. doi:10.1002/pits.10009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marsiglia, F. F., Kulis, S., Hecht, M. L., & Sills, S. (2004). Ethnicity and ethnic identity as ­predictors of drug norms and drug use among preadolescents in the U.S. Southwest. Substance Use & Misuse, 39, 1061–1094. doi:10.1081/JA-120038030.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan-Lopez, A. A., Castro, F. G., Chassin, L., & MacKinnon, D. P. (2003). A mediated moderation model of cigarette use among Mexican American youth. Addictive Behaviors, 28, 583–589. doi:10.1016/S0306-4603(01)00262-3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murray, C. (2009). Parent and teacher relationships as predictors of school engagement and functioning among low-income urban youth. Journal of Early Adolescence, 29, 376–404. doi:10.1177/0272431608322940.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parke, R., Coltrane, S., Duffy, S., Buriel, R., Dennis, J., Powers, J., et al. (2004). Economic stress, parenting, and child adjustment in Mexican American and European American families. Child Development, 75, 1632–1656. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00807.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pasch, L., Deardorff, J., Tschann, J., Flores, E., Penilla, C., & Phillip, P. (2006). Acculturation, parent-adolescent conflict, and adolescent adjustment in Mexican American families. Family Process, 45, 75–86. doi:10.1111/j.1545-5300.2006.00081.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patall, E., Cooper, H., & Robinson, J. (2008). Parent involvement in homework: A research synthesis. Review of Educational Research, 78, 1039–1110. doi:10.3102/0034654308325185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pew Hispanic Center (2007). Hispanics at mid-decade. Retrieved fromhttp://pewhispanic.org/files/other/middecade/complete.pdf.

  • Phinney, J. S. (1990). Ethnic identity in adolescents and adults: Review of research. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 499–514. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.108.3.499.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plunkett, S. W., & Bamaca-Gomez, M. Y. (2003). The relationship between parenting, acculturation, and adolescent academics in Mexican-origin immigrant families in Los Angeles. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 25, 222–239. doi:10.1177/0739986303025002005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plunkett, S., Behnke, A., Sands, T., & Choi, B. (2009). Adolescents’ reports of parental engagement and academic achievement in immigrant families. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38, 257–268. doi:10.1007/s10964-008-9325-4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Portes, A., & Rumbaut, R. G. (2001). Legacies: The story of the immigrant second generation. New York, NY: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Qin-Hilliard, D. (2003). Gendered expectations and gendered experiences: Immigrant students’ adaptation in schools. New Directions for Youth Development, 100, 91–109. doi:10.1002/yd.65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raffaelli, M., & Ontai, L. L. (2004). Gender socialization in Latino/a families: Results from two retrospective studies. Sex Roles, 50, 287–299. doi:10.1023/B:SERS.0000018886.58945.06.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raffaelli, M., Zamboanga, B. L., & Carlo, G. (2005). Acculturation status and sexuality among female Cuban American college students. Journal of American College Health, 54, 7–13. doi:10.3200/JACH.54.1.7-13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roosa, M. W., O’Donnell, M., Cham, H., Gonzales, N. A., Zeiders, K. H., Tien, J.-Y., et al. (2012). A prospective study of Mexican American adolescents’ academic success: Considering family and individual factors. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 41, 307–319. doi:10.1007/s10964-011-9707-x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santor, D. A., Messervey, D., & Kusumakar, V. (2000). Measuring peer pressure, popularity, and conformity in adolescent boys and girls: Predicting school performance, sexual attitudes, and substance abuse. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 29, 163–182. doi:10.1023/A:1005152515264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, S. J., Unger, J. B., Zamboanga, B. L., & Szapocznik, J. (2010). Rethinking the concept of acculturation: Implication for theory and research. American Psychologist, 56, 237–251. doi:10.1037/a0019330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suárez-Orozco, C., & Suárez-Orozco, M. (1995). Transformations: Immigration, family life, and achievement motivation among Latino adolescents. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sui-Chu Ho, E., & Willms, J. D. (1996). Effects of parental involvement on 8th grade achievement. Sociology of Education, 69, 126–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Szapocznik, J., & Kurtines, W. M. (1993). Family psychology and cultural diversity: Opportunities for theory, research and application. American Psychologist, 48, 400–407.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Telzer, E., & Fuligni, A. (2009). A longitudinal daily diary study of family assistance and ­academic achievement among adolescents from Mexican, Chinese, and European backgrounds. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38, 560–571. doi:10.1007/s10964-008-9391-7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toth, J. F., Jr., & Xu, X. (1999). Ethnic and cultural diversity in fathers’ involvement. A racial/ethnic comparison of African American, Hispanic, and White fathers. Youth and Society, 31, 76–99. doi:10.1177/0044118X99031001004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tschann, J. M., Flores, E., Pasch, L., & VanOss Marin, B. (1999). Assessing interparental conflict: Reports of parents and adolescents in European American and Mexican American families. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61, 269–283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turney, K., & Kao, G. (2009). Barriers to school involvement: Are immigrant parents disadvantaged? The Journal of Educational Research, 102, 257–271. doi:10.3200/JOER.102.4.257-271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Census Bureau (2002). The Hispanic population in the United States: March 2002. Retrieved March 15, 2007 from http://www.census.gov/prod/2003pubs/p20-545.pdf

  • U.S. Department of Education. (2007). The condition of education: 2007. (NCES 2007–094) Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Umaña-Taylor, A. J., Wong, J. J., Gonzales, N. A., & Dumka, L. E. (2012). Ethnic identity and gender as moderators of the association between discrimination and academic adjustment among Mexican-origin adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 35(4), 773–786.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Updegraff, K. A., Delgado, M. Y., & Wheeler, L. A. (2009). Exploring mothers’ and fathers’ relationships with sons versus daughters: Links to adolescent adjustment in Mexican immigrant families. Sex Roles, 60, 559–574. doi:10.1007/s11199-008-9527-y.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Updegraff, K. A., McHale, S. M., Whiteman, S. D., Thayer, S. M., & Crouter, A. C. (2006). The nature and correlates of Mexican-American adolescents’ time with parents and peers. Child Development, 77, 1470–1486.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Updegraff, K. A., Umaña-Taylor, A. J., McHale, S. M., Wheeler, L., & Perez-Brena, N. (2012). Mexican-origin youth’s cultural orientations and adjustment: Changes from early to late adolescence. Child Development, 83(5), 1655–1671.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler, L. A., Updegraff, K. A., & Crouter, A. (2011). Work and Mexican American parent–­adolescent relationships: The mediating role of parent well-being. Journal of Family Psychology, 25, 107–116. doi:10.1037/a0022440.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White, R., Roosa, M., Weaver, S., & Nair, R. (2009). Cultural and contextual influences on parenting in Mexican American families. Journal of Marriage and Family, 71, 61–79. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2008.00580.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wooley, M., Kol, K., & Bowen, G. (2009). The social context of school success for Latino middle school students direct and indirect influences of teachers, family, and friends. Journal of Early Adolescence, 29, 43–70. doi:10.1177/0272431608324478.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zamboanga, B. L., Raffaelli, M., & Horton, N. J. (2006). Acculturation status and heavy alcohol use among Mexican American college students: An investigation of the moderating role of gender. Addictive Behaviors, 31, 2188–2198. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.02.018.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhan-Waxler, C., Shirtcliff, E. A., & Marcearu, K. (2008). Disorders of childhood and adolescence: Gender and psychopathology. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 4, 275–303. doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement 

Preparation of this chapter was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) grant R01-MH64707 to study the effects of a randomized, controlled trial of a preventive intervention for Mexican American adolescents.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Larry E. Dumka .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Dumka, L.E., Gonzales, N.A., McClain, D.D., Millsap, R.E. (2013). Family, Culture, Gender, and Mexican American Adolescents’ Academic Success. In: Chuang, S., Tamis-LeMonda, C. (eds) Gender Roles in Immigrant Families. Advances in Immigrant Family Research. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6735-9_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics