The Three and Two Rotating Neutrino Models: Particle Confinement by Gravity

Abstract

In this chapter we present a model of three light particles (neutrinos) of rest mass m _o ( ∼ 0. 044 eV ∕ c ²) each, which perform a circular motion using gravity as the attractive force. There is an infinity of solutions to this problem including Keplerian and highly relativistic orbits. When imposing the condition L = ℏ, i.e. that the angular momentum of the rotating state equals the reduced Planck constant, or equivalently that the de Broglie wavelength of the rotating neutrino equals the rotational radius, then, very surprisingly, one finds that the mass, 3γm _o, of the bound rotational state equals the neutron (or proton) mass ( ∼ 939 MeV ∕ c ²). This astounding and very simple result is obtained without any new theory or any adjustable parameters. It implies that gravity can confine neutrinos to form neutrons and then, perhaps via the β − decay, protons and electrons. When considering the corresponding two-neutrino model, one finds confined states with masses of the order of meson masses ( ∼ 500 MeV ∕ c ²).