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Diagnosis and Treatment of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

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Neoplastic Diseases of the Blood

Abstract

Leukemia is the most common pediatric cancer. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most prevalent subtype, accounting for 75–80 % of all cases. Leukemias arise from genetic changes that occur in a single progenitor cell at various stages of maturation, resulting in a clonal expansion. The single-cell origin of ALL is demonstrated clearly by the finding of clonal rearrangements of T-cell receptor (TCR) or immunoglobulin genes [1]. ALL cells reflect, at least in part, the immunophenotypic and genetic characteristics of committed B- or T-lymphoid precursors; although they do not proliferate as rapidly as their normal counterparts [2], inability to differentiate and resistance to cell death lead to their buildup. By the time of diagnosis, ALL cells have usually occupied much of the bone marrow microenvironment at the expenses of normal hematopoietic cells, resulting in anemia, thrombocytopenia, and/or neutropenia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA

    Dario Campana M.D., Ph.D. & Ching-Hon Pui M.D.

Authors
  1. Dario Campana M.D., Ph.D.
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  2. Ching-Hon Pui M.D.
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Correspondence to Dario Campana M.D., Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Beth Israel Hospital, Cancer Center, St. Lukes-Roosevelt Hospital Center, 10th Avenue 1000, New York, 10019, New York, USA

    Peter H. Wiernik

  2. , Department of Hematology, Imperial College of London, Du Cane Road 150, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom

    John M. Goldman

  3. Continuum Cancer Centers, Department of Medicine, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, 10th Avenue 1000, New York, 10019, New York, USA

    Janice P. Dutcher

  4. , Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, First Street SW. 200, Rochester, 55905, Minnesota, USA

    Robert A. Kyle

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Campana, D., Pui, CH. (2013). Diagnosis and Treatment of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. In: Wiernik, P., Goldman, J., Dutcher, J., Kyle, R. (eds) Neoplastic Diseases of the Blood. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3764-2_19

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3764-2_19

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