Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Traumatic Brain Injury

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Handbook of Medical Neuropsychology

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious public health problem, often referred to as a silent epidemic due to lack of public awareness [1]. TBI is still the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the world for individuals under the age of 45 [2]. In the United States alone, based on population data from 1995 to 2001, 1.4 million people sustained TBI in the United States each year, compared to 176,000 new cases of breast cancer, 43,500 new cases of HIV, and 10,400 new cases of multiple sclerosis [3]. Of these brain injuries, 50,000 died, 235,000 were hospitalized, and 1.1 million were treated and released from hospital emergency departments. Though many patients recover from their injuries, each year an estimated 80,000–90,000 Americans sustain a TBI that results in permanent disability [1]. It is estimated that 5.3 million Americans are living with disability resulting from TBI [3]. Mild TBI alone costs the nation $17 billion annually [4]

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Langlois JA, Rutland-Brown W, Thomas KE. Traumatic brain injury in the United States: emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths. Atlanta, GA: Department of Health and Human Services (US), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Werner C, Engelhard K. Pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury. Br J Anaesth. 2007;99:4–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Brain Injury Association of America. Types of brain injury 2007: Available online at http://www.biausa.org/aboutbi/htm

  4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Heads up: facts for physicians about mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) 2002: Available on-line at http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/tbi/TBI.htm

  5. Kraus JF, Chu LD. Epidemiology. In: Silver JM, McAllister TW, Yudofsky SC, editors. Textbook of traumatic brain injury. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.; 2005. pp. 3–26.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Gessel LM, Fields SK, Collins CL, et al. Concussions among U. S. high school and collegiate athletes. J Athletic Training. 2007;42:495–503.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Warden D. Military TBI during the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2006;21: 398–402.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Sayer NA, Chiros CE, Sigford B, et al. Characteristics and rehabilitation outcomes among patients with blast and other injuries sustained during the global war on terror. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008;89:163–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Sylvia FR, Drake AI, Wester DC. Transient vestibular dysfunction after primary blast injury. Mil Med. 2001;166:918–20.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. National Institutes of Health Consensus Conference on Rehabilitation of Persons with Traumatic Brain Injury. Rehabilitation of persons with traumatic brain injury 1998; Available on-line at http://consensus.nih.gov/1998TraumaticBrainInjury109html.htm

  11. Varney NR, Varney RN. Brain injury without head injury: some physics of automobile collisions with particular reference to brain injuries occurring without physical head trauma. App Neuropsychol. 1995;2:47–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Gennarelli TA, Graham DI. Neuropathology. In: Silver JM, McAllister TW, Yudofsky SC, editors. Textbook of traumatic brain injury. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.; 2005. pp. 27–50.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Bazarian JJ, Zhong J, Blyth B, et al. Diffusion tensor imaging detects clinically important axonal damage after mild traumatic brain injury: a pilot study. J Neurotrauma. 2007;24:1447–59.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Peek-Asa C, McArthur D, Hovda D, Kraus J. Early predictors of mortality in penetrating compared with closed brain injury. Brain Inj. 2001;15:801–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Hannay HJ, Howieson DB, Loring DW, et al. Neuropathology for neuropsychologists. In: Lezak MD, Howieson DB, Loring DW, editors. Neuropsychological assessment. 4th ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2004. pp. 157–85.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Lucas JA. Traumatic brain injury and postconcussive syndrome. In: Snyder PJ, Nussbaum PD, editors. Clinical neuropsychology: a pocket handbook for assessment. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 1998. pp. 243–65.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Chow TW, Cummings JL. Frontal-subcortical circuits. In: Miller BL, Cummings JL, editors. The human frontal lobes: functions and disorders. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 1999. pp. 3–26.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Schnider A, Gutbrod K. Traumatic brain injury. In: Miller BL, Cummings JL, editors. The human frontal lobes: functions and disorders. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 1999. pp. 487–506.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Adams JH. The neuropathology of head injury. In: Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW, editors. Handbook of clinical neurology: head injury. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science; 1975. pp. 35–65.

    Google Scholar 

  20. McCullagh S, Feinstein A. Cognitive changes. In: Silver JM, McAllister TW, Yudofsky SC, editors. Textbook of traumatic brain injury. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.; 2005. pp. 321–35.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Teasdale G, Jennett B. Assessment of coma and impairment of consciousness: a practical scale. Lancet. 1974;13:81–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Kay T, Harrington DE, Adams R. Definition of mild traumatic brain injury: American congress of rehabilitation medicine. J Head Trauma Rehab. 1993;8:86–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. McAllister TW. Mild brain injury and the postconcussion syndrome. In: Silver JM, McAllister TW, Yudofsky SC, editors. Textbook of traumatic brain injury. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 2005. pp. 279–308.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Smits M, Hunink MGM, Nederkoorn PJ, et al. A history of loss of consciousness or post-traumatic amnesia in minor head injury: “conditio sine qua non” or one of the risk factors? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007;78:1359–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Pelham MF, Lovell MR. Issues in neuropsychological assessment. In: Silver JM, McAllister TW, Yudofsky SC, editors. Textbook of traumatic brain injury. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.; 2005. pp. 159–72.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Levin HS, O’Donnell VM, Grossman RG. The Galveston orientation and amnesia test: a practical scale to assess cognition after head injury. J Nerv Ment Disease. 1979;167:675–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Fortuny LA, Briggs M, Newcombe F, et al. Measuring the duration of posttraumatic amnesia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1980;43:377–79.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. King NS, Crawford S, Wenden FJ, et al. Measurement of posttraumatic amnesia: how reliable is it? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1997;62:38–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Hillary FG, DeLuca J. Learning and memory dysfunction following traumatic brain injury. In: Feinberg TE, Farah MJ, editors. Behavioral neurology and neuropsychology. 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2003. pp. 463–75.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Stuss DT, Binns MA, Carruth FG, et al. The acute period of recovery from traumatic brain injury: posttraumatic amnesia or posttraumatic confusional state? J Neurosurg. 1999;90:635–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. MacKenzie JD, Siddiqi F, Babb JS, et al. Brain atrophy in mild or moderate traumatic brain injury: a longitudinal quantitative analysis. Am J Neurorad. 2002;23:1509–15.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Lewine JD, Davis JT, Bigler ED, et al. Objective documentation of traumatic brain injury subsequent to mild head trauma: multimodal brain imaging with MEG, SPECT, and MRI. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2007;22: 141–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Kraus MF, Susmaras T, Caughlin BP, et al. White matter integrity and cognition in chronic traumatic brain injury: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Brain. 2007;130: 2508–19.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Giacino J, Whyte J. The vegetative and minimally conscious states. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2005;20:30–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Bigler ED. Structural imaging. In: Silver JM, McAllister TW, Yudofsky SC, editors. Textbook of traumatic brain injury. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.; 2005. pp. 79–105.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Hughes DG, Jackson A, Mason DL, et al. Abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging seen acutely following mild traumatic brain injury: correlation with neuropsychological tests and delayed recovery. Neuroradiology. 2004;46:550–58.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Nakayama N, Okumura A, Shinoda J, et al. Evidence for white matter disruption in traumatic brain injury without macroscopic lesions. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2006;77:850–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Shutter L, Tong KA, Lee A, Holshouser BA. Prognostic role of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in acute traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2006;21:334–49.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Govindaraju V, Gauger GE, Manley GT, et al. Volumetric proton spectroscopic imaging of mild traumatic brain injury. Am J Neurorad. 2004;25:730–37.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Cohen BA, Inglese M, Rusinek H, et al. Proton MR spectroscopy and MRI-volumetry in mild traumatic brain injury. Am J Neurorad. 2007;28:907–13.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Jansen HM, van der Naalt J, van Zomeren AH, et al. Cobalt-55 positron emission tomography in traumatic brain injury: a pilot study. J Neurol Neurosurgery Psychiatry. 1996;60:221–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Ruff RM, Crouch JA, Troster AI, et al. Selected cases of poor outcome following a minor brain trauma: comparing neuropsychological and positron emission tomography assessment. Brain Inj. 1994;8:297–308.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Ptito A, Chen J-K, Johnston KM. Contributions of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to sport concussion evaluation. NeuroRehabilitation. 2007;22: 217–27.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. McAllister TW, Saykin AJ, Flashman LA, et al. Brain activation during working memory one month after mild traumatic brain injury: an fMRI study. Neurology. 1999;53:1300–08.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. McAllister TW, Sparling MB, Flashman LA, et al. Differential working memory load effects after mild traumatic brain injury. NeuroImage. 2001;14:1004–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Chen JK, Johnston KM, Frey S, et al. Functional abnormalities in symptomatic concussed athletes: an fMRI study. NeuroImage. 2004;22:68–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Chen JK, Johnston KM, Collie A, et al. A validation of the post concussion symptom scale in the assessment of complex concussion using cognitive testing and functional MRI. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007;78:1231–38.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Goldberg E, Bougakov D. Neuropsychologic assessment of frontal lobe dysfunction. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2005;28:567–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Goldberg E. The executive brain. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Luria AR. Higher cortical functions in man. New York, NY: Basic Books, Inc.; 1980.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  51. Williams AD. Diagnostic decision making in neuropsychology. In: Horton AM, Hartlage LC, editors. Handbook of forensic neuropsychology. New York, NY: Springer; 2003. pp. 113–16.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Bibby H, McDonald S. Theory of mind after traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychologia. 2005;43:99–114.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Henry JD, Phillips LH, Crawford JR, et al. Theory of mind following traumatic brain injury: the role of emotion regulation and executive dysfunction. Neuropsychologia. 2006;44:1623–28.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. McDonald S, Flanagan S. Social perception deficits after traumatic brain injury: interaction between emotion regulation, mentalizing ability, and social communication. Neuropsychology. 2004;18:572–79.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Stuss DT, Gow CA, Hetherington CR. “No longer Gage”: frontal lobe dysfunction and emotional changes. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1992;60:349–59.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Saunders JC, McDonald S, Richardson R. Loss of emotional experience after traumatic brain injury: findings with the startle probe procedure. Neuropsychology. 2006;20:224–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Blair RJR, Cipolotti L. Impaired social response reversal: a case of ‘acquired sociopathy’. Brain. 2000;123:1122–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Damasio AR, Tranel D, Damasio H. Individuals with sociopathic behavior caused by frontal damage fail to respond autonomically to social stimuli. Behav Brain Res. 1990;41:81–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Rolls ET, Hornak J, Wade D, McGrath J. Emotion-related learning in patients with social and emotional changes associated with frontal lobe damage. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1994;57:1518–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Blair JR, Mitchell D, Blair K. The psychopath. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing; 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Grafman J, Schwab K, Warden D, et al. Frontal lobe injuries, violence, and aggression: a report of the Vietnam head injury study. Neurology. 1996;46:1231–38.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Raine A, Buchsbaum MS, Stanley J, et al. Selective reductions in prefrontal glucose metabolism in murderers. Biol Psychiatry. 1994;36:365–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Wood JN. Social cognition and the prefrontal cortex. Behav Cog Neurosci Rev. 2003;2:97–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Stuss DT, Gallup GG Jr, Alexander MP. The frontal lobes are necessary for ‘theory of mind’. Brain. 2001;124:279–86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Shamay-Tsoory SG, Tomer R, Berger BD, et al. Impaired “affective theory of mind” is associated with right ventromedial prefrontal damage. Cogn Behav Neurol. 2005;18:55–57.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Milders M, Ietswaart M, Crawford JR, Currie D. Impairments in theory of mind shortly after traumatic brain injury and at one-year follow-up. Neuropsychology. 2006;20:400–08.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Marin RS, Chakravorty S. Disorders of diminished motivation. In: Silver JM, McAllister TW, Yudofsky SC, editors. Textbook of traumatic brain injury. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 2005. pp. 337–52.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Marin RS, Biedrzycki RC, Firinciogullari S. Reliability and validity of the apathy evaluation scale. Psychiatry Res. 1991;38:143–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Andersson S, Bergedalen AM. Cognitive correlates of apathy. Neuropsychiat Neuropsychol Behav Neurol. 2002;15:184–91.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Gronwall D. Minor head injury. Neuropsychology. 1991;5:254–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Kennedy RE, Nakase-Thompson R, Nick TG, Sherer M. Use of the cognitive test for delirium in patients with traumatic brain injury. Psychosomatics. 2003;44:283–89.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Hart T, Whyte J, Millis S, et al. Dimensions of disordered attention in traumatic brain injury: further validation of the moss attention rating scale. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006;5:647–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Whyte J, Hart T, Bode RK, Malec JF. The Moss Attention rating scale for traumatic brain injury: initial psychometric assessment. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;84:268–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Wechsler D. Wechsler adult intelligence scale. 3rd ed. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation; 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Wechsler D. Wechsler memory scale. 3rd ed. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation; 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Cicerone K. Clinical sensitivity of four measures of attention to mild traumatic brain injury. Clin Neuropsychologist. 1997;11:266–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Golden CJ. Stroop color and word test. Chicago, IL: Stoelting Co.; 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Reitan RM, Wolfson D, eds. The Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological test battery: theory and clinical interpretation. Tucson, AZ: Neuropsychology Press; 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Gronwall D. Paced auditory serial addition task: a measure of recovery from concussion. Percept Mot Skills. 1977;44:367–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Cicerone K, Levin H, Malec J, et al. Cognitive rehabilitation interventions for executive function: moving from bench to bedside in patients with traumatic brain injury. J Cogn Neurosci. 2006;18:1212–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Delis DC, Kaplan E, Kramer JH, Ober RA. The California verbal learning test. 2nd ed. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation; 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Brandt J. The Hopkins verbal learning test: development of a new memory test with six equivalent forms. Clin Neuropsychol. 1991;5:125–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. Schmidt M. Rey auditory and verbal learning test: a handbook. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services, Inc.; 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Roth RM, Isquith PK, Gioia GA. Behavioral rating inventory of executive function-adult version (BRIEF-A). Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.; 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  85. McDonald BC, Flashman LA, Saykin AJ. Executive dysfunction following traumatic brain injury: neural substrates and treatment strategies. NeuroRehabilitation. 2002;17:333–44.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Lezak M. Principles of neuropsychological assessment. In: Feinberg TE, Farah MJ, editors. Behavioral neurology and neuropsychology. 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2003. pp. 33–44.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Heaton RK. Wisconsin card sorting test. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources; 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Benton AL, Sivan AB, Hamsher KdeS, et al., eds. Contributions to neuropsychological assessment: a clinical manual. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Barcelo F, Calleja-Sandome A. A critical review of the specificity of the Wisconsin card sorting test for the assessment of prefrontal function. Rev Neurol. 2000;30:855–64.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Berman KF, Ostrem JL, Randolf C, et al. Physiological activation of a cortical network during performance of the Wisconsin card sorting test: a positron emission tomography study. Neuropsychologia. 1995;33:1027–46.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Weinberger DR, Berman KF, Zec RF. Physiological dysfunction of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia, I: regional cerebral blood flow evidence. Arch General Psychiatry. 1986;43:114–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. Marenco S, Coppola R, Daniel DG, et al. Regional cerebral blood flow during the Wisconsin card sorting test in normal subjects studied by Xenon-133 dynamic SPECT: comparison of absolute values, percent distribution values, and covariate analysis. Psychiatry Res. 1993;50:177–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Delis D, Kaplan E, Kramer JH. Delis-Kaplan executive function scale. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation; 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Wilson BA, Alderman N, Burgess PW, et al. Behavioural assessment of the dysexecutive syndrome (BADS). Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources; 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Bennett PC, Ong B, Ponsford J. Assessment of executive dysfunction following traumatic brain injury: comparison of the BADS with other clinical neuropsychological measures. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2005;11:606–13.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Grace J, Malloy PF. Frontal systems behavior scale (FrSBe). Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources; 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Godefroy O. Frontal syndrome and disorders of executive functions. J Neurol. 2003;250:1–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Goldberg E, Harner R, Lovell M, et al. Cognitive bias, functional cortical geometry, and the frontal lobes: laterality, sex, and handedness. J Cogn Neurosci. 1994;6:276–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. Bechara A. Iowa gambling task. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.; 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Bechara A, Damasio H, Tranel D, Anderson SW. Dissociation of working memory from decision making within the human prefrontal cortex. J Neurosci. 1998;18:428–37.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Bechara A, Dolan S, Denburg N, et al. Decision-making deficits, linked to a dysfunctional ventromedial prefrontal cortex, revealed in alcohol and stimulant abusers. Neuropsychologia. 2001;39:376–89.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Bar-On R, Tranel D, Denburg NL, Bechara A. Exploring the neurological substrate of emotional and social intelligence. Brain. 2003;126:1790–800.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Tranel D, Anderson SW, Benton AL. Development of the concept of ‘executive function’ and its relationship to the frontal lobes. In: Boller F, Grafman J, editors. Handbook of neuropsychology. vol 9. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science; 1994. pp. 125–48.

    Google Scholar 

  104. Hart T, Giovannetti T, Montgomery MW, Schwartz MF. Awareness of errors in naturalistic action after traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 1998;13:16–28.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Schwartz MF, Buxbaum LJ, Montgomery MW, et al. The naturalistic action test. New York, NY: Harcourt; 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Schwartz MF, Segal M, Veramonti T, et al. The naturalistic action test: a standardized assessment for everyday action impairment. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2002;12:311–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  107. Ramsden CM, Kinsella GJ, Ong B, Storey E. Performance of everyday actions in mild Alzheimer’s disease. Neuropsychology. 2008;22:17–26.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Chaytor N, Schmitter-Edgecombe M. Fractionation of the dysexecutive syndrome in a heterogeneous neurological sample: comparing the dysexecutive questionnaire and the brock adaptive functioning questionnaire. Brain Inj. 2007;21:615–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Royall DR, Lauterbach EC, Cummings JL, et al. Executive control function: a review of its promises and challenges for clinical research. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2002;14:377–405.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Adjunct Faculty of Neuropsychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, Widener University, Chester, PA, USA

    Terri Morris

Authors
  1. Terri Morris
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Terri Morris .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Market Street 3535, Philadelphia, 19104, USA

    Carol L. Armstrong

  2. Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, 15213, USA

    Lisa Morrow

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Morris, T. (2010). Traumatic Brain Injury. In: Armstrong, C., Morrow, L. (eds) Handbook of Medical Neuropsychology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1364-7_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation