Skip to main content

Analysis of Covariance Structures Applied to Family Research and Theory

  • Chapter
Sourcebook of Family Theories and Methods

Abstract

Family research uses an increasing storehouse of multivariate methods. A major stream in these developments involves the analysis of covariance structures (ACS). ACS subsumes a variety of seemingly distinct procedures including exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, measurement models, path analysis, regression analysis, some panel designs, multiple population comparisons, and structural equation modeling. During the 1980s, family scholars learned that multiple regression is only a special case of ACS.1 The 1990s should see a rapid increase in the use of ACS across a variety of theoretical and methodological perspectives.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Acock, A. C. (1979). Applications of LISREL in family research. Presented at the preconference Theory and Methods Workshop of the National Council on Family Relations. Philadelphia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Acock, A. C. (1989). Measurement error in secondary data analysis. In K. Namboodiri & R. G. Corwin (Eds.), Sociology of education and socialization (Vol. 8, pp. 201–230). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Acock, A. C., & Bengtson, V. L. (1980). Socialization and attribution processes: Actual vs. perceived similarity among parents and youth. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 43, 501–518.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Acock, A. C., & Edwards, J. N. (1982). Egalitarian sex role attitudes and female income. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 44, 581–590.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1984). The effect of sampling error on convergence, improper solutions, and goodness-of-fit indices for maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis. Psychometrika, 49, 155–173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bagozzi, R. P. (1980). Causal models in marketing. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238–246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blalock, H. M. (1964). Causal inference in nonexperimental research. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blalock, H. M. (1982). Conceptualization and measurement in the social sciences. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Block, R. D., & Bargmann, R. E. (1966). Analysis of covariance structures. Psychometrika, 31, 507–534.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boomsma, A. (1982). The robustness of LISREL against small sample sizes in factor analysis models. In Systems under indirect observation: Causality, structure, prediction (Part I, pp. 275–319). Amsterdam: North-Holland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boomsma, A. (1985). Nonconvergence, improper solutions, and starting values in lisrel maximum likelihood estimation. Psychometrika, 50, 229–242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Breckler, S. J. (1990). Applications of covariance structure modeling in psychology: Cause for concern? Psychological Bulletin, 107, 260–273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Child, D. (1970). The essentials of factor analysis. London: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Costner, H. L. (1969). Theory, deduction, and rules of correspondence. American Journal of Sociology, 75, 245–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dillon, W. R., Kumar, A., & Mulani, N. (1987). Offending estimates in covariance structure analysis: Comments on the causes of and solutions to Heywood cases. Psychological Bulletin, 10, 126–135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feigl, H. (1970). The “Orthodox” view of theories: Remarks in defense as well as critique. In M. Radnor & S. Winokur (Eds.), Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science (Vol. 4, pp. 3–16). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerbing, David W., & Anderson, J. C. (1987). Improper solutions in the analysis of covariance structures: Their interpretability and a comparison of alternative respecifications. Psychometrika, 52, 99–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glenn, N. D. (1989, September). Unwarranted causal conclusions in the social sciences. ICPSR Bulletin, 1–2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayduk, L. A. (1987). Structural equation modeling with LISREL: Essentials and advances. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jöreskog, K G. (1973). A general method for estimating a linear structural equation system. In A. S. Goldberger & O. D. Duncan (Eds.), Structural equation models in the social sciences (85–112).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1988a). LISREL (2nd ed.). Mooresville, IN: Scientific Software.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1988b). PREUS: A program for multivariate data screening and data summarization (2nd ed.). Mooresville, IN: Scientific Software.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, A. (1964). The conduct of inquiry. San Francisco: Chandler.

    Google Scholar 

  • Long, J. S. (1983). Covariance structure models: An introduction to LISREL. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mangen, D. J., Bengtson, V. L., & Landry, Jr., P. H. (1988). Measurement of intergenerational relations. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marsh, H. W., Balla, J. R., & McDonald, R. P. (1988). Goodness-of-fit indexes in confirmatory factor analysis: The effect of sample size. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 391–410.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McDonald, R. P., & Marsh, H. W. (1990). Choosing a multivariate model: Noncentrality and goodness of fit. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 247–255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pearson, K. (1901). On lines and planes of closest fit to systems of points in space. Philosophical Magazine.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon, H. A. (1957). Models of man. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steiger, J. H. (1989). EzPath: Causal modeling, a supplementary module for SYSTAT and SYGRAPH. Evanston, IL: SYSTAT.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tukey, J. W. (1954). Causation, regression, and path analysis. In O. Kempthorne (Ed), Statistics and mathematics in biology (35–66).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wheaton, B., Buthen, B., Alwin, D., & Summers, G. (1977). Assessing reliability and stability in panel models. In D. R. Heise (Ed.), Sociological Methodology 1977 (84–136).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, S. (1921). Correlation and causation. Journal of Agricultural Research, 20, 557–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, S. (1960). The treatment of reciprocal interaction, with or without lag, in path analysis. Biometrics, 16, 423–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Acock, A.C., Schumm, W.R. (2009). Analysis of Covariance Structures Applied to Family Research and Theory. In: Boss, P., Doherty, W.J., LaRossa, R., Schumm, W.R., Steinmetz, S.K. (eds) Sourcebook of Family Theories and Methods. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-85764-0_18

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-85764-0_18

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-306-44264-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-85764-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics