Abstract
The cellular land mobile radio is driven by requirements for high teletraffic capacity of many concurrent users in the same service area, and high transmission quality, reaching to wired telephone quality. The transmission environment in this service is demanding - excess propagation loss and heavy multipath, due to obstructions which are abundant in the urban environment, vary and fluctuate in time as the mobile user is in motion. Cellular telecommunication systems’ architecture and signal design are designed to counter the impairments of the transmission by the channel. Simple statistical characterization of the channel, based on sample measurements or on otherwise generic statistical assumptions, is far from providing the spatial-time channel variations as required for description and analysis of its interaction with the communications system. An arsenal of physically-based canonical propagation models serve as a solid basis for an insight into the interaction process, while the statistical coating covers for the unknown exact behavior.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
J. Shapira, Channel characteristics for Land Cellular Radio, and their systems implications, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 7–16, August 1992.
H.L. Bertoni, S.A. Torrico, and G. Liang, Predicting the Radio Channel Beyond Second-Generation Wireless Systems, IEEE Antenna and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 47, No. 4, pp. 28–40, August 2005.
Forest and Urban Propagation References: a. H. Oraizi and S. Hosseinzadeh, Determination of the Effect of Vegetation on Radio-wave Propagation by the Parabolic Equation Method, white paper, www.broadcastpapers.com., October 2003. b. L.W. Li, T.S. Yeo, P.S. Kooi, M.S. Leong, and J.H. Koh, Analysis of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Forest Environment Along Multiple Paths, Journal of electromagnetic waves and applications (J. electromagn. waves appl.), Vol. 13, No. 8, pp. 1057–1059, 1999. c. Y. Chaiko, Mathematical Models of Radio Wave Propagation in Woodland for Mobile Communication Systems, Doctoral student of Computer Management, Information and Electronics systems of Transport (Student ID 001RED005), Riga, 2004. d. K. Sarabandi, and I.-S. Koh, Effect of Canopy-Air Interface Roughness on HF-VHF Wave Propagation in Forest, IEEE Trans. AP S, pp.111–121, Feb. 2002. e. H. Bertoni, Radio Propagation for Modern Wireless Systems, Sec. 7.3, Prentice Hall, 2000. h. ibid, Chapter 6.
Beam Tilt References: a. H.-S. Cho, Y.-I. Kim, and D.K. Sung, Protection Against Cochannel Interference from Neighboring Cells Using Down-Tilting of Antenna Beams, in IEEE VTC, Spring, 2001. b. W.C.Y. Lee, Mobile Cellular Telecommunications, Sec. 6.7.3, McGraw-Hill, 1995.
Large Area Scattering References: a. J. Shapira, Characteristics of Surface Scatter Interference in Terrestrial Communications, 23rd URSI General Assembly, 1990. b. V.K. Prabbhu, Simple Upper Bound on Microwave Terrestrial Interference Due to Terrain Scatter, Globecom’88, 33.2.1, 1988. c. J. Shapira, TERSCAT — A Model for Prediction of Terrain Scattered Interference in Microwave Communications, Proc. IEEE Conf. Israel, 1989. d. W.E. Smith, P.L. Sulivan, A.J. Giger, and G.D. Alley, Recent Advances in Microwave Interference Prediction, ICC’ 87, 23.2, 1987. e. A.J. Giger, and J. Shapira, Interference Caused by Ground Scattering in Terrestrial Microwave Radio Systems, in IEEE ICC’ 83, E2.8, 1983.
Cosite Isolation References: a. TIA/EIA, Licensed PCS to PC S Interference, TSB84-A, 8.1999.
Space Diversity References: a. W.C.Y. Lee, Mobile Communications Design Fundamentals, Sec. 6.2.2., Howard W. Sams &Co, 1986. b. W.C.Y. Lee, ibid Sec. 6.3.4. c. W.C.Y. Lee, Mobile Cellular Telecommunications, Sec. 5.4.5., 5.6.5, McGraw-Hill, 1995. d. W.C.Y. Lee, Angle Spread Versus BTS Antenna Height, 4th Workshop on Smart Antennas in Wireless Mobile Communication, Stanford, 1997.
Ripple Effect References: a. W.C.Y. Lee, Mobile Communications Design Fundamentals, Sec. 6.3.5., Howard W. Sams &Co, 1986. b. W.C.Y. Lee, Mobile Cellular Telecommunications, Sec. 5.5.2, McGraw-Hill, 1995.
Polarization References: a. W.C. Jakes (Ed.), Microwave Mobile Communications, Sec. 3.3. IEEE Press, 1974. b. S. Kozono, H. Tsuruhata and M. Sakamoto, Base Station Polarization Diversity Reception for Mobile Radio, IEEE Trans. VT, Vol. VT-33, No. 4, pp. 310–306, 1984. c. W.C.Y. Lee and Y.S. Yeh, Polarization Diversity System for Mobile Radio, IEEE Trans. Comm. Vol. Com-20, No. 5, 1972. d. A.M.D. Turkmani, A.A. Arowojolu, P.A. Jefford, and C.J. Kellet, An Experimental Evaluation of the Performance of Two-Branch Space and Polarization Diversity Schemes at 1800 MHz, IEEE Trans. VT, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 318–326, May 1995. e. R. Vaughan, Polarization Diversity in Mobile Communications, IEEE Trans. on VT, Vol. 39, No. 3, August 1990. f. S. Miller and J. Shapira, Transmission Considerations for Polarization Smart Antennas, Proc. of IEEE 51st VTC, Rhodes, Greece, May 05–07, 2001. g. J. Shapira and S. Miller, A Novel Polarization Smart Antenna, Proc. of IEEE 51st VTC, Rhodes, Greece, May 05–07, 2001. h. J. Shapira and S. Miller, On Polarization Transmit Diversity In CDMA Regimes, 4TH EPMCC Conference, Vienna, February 20–22, 2001. i. P.C.F. Eggers, I.Z. Kovacs, and K. Olesen: Penetration Effects on XPD with GSM 1800 Handset Antennas, Relevant for BS Polarization Diversity for Indoor Coverage, Proceedings of VTC, 1998. j. H. Kuboyama, Y. Tanaka, K. Sato, K. Fujimoto and K. Hirasawa, Experimental Results with Mobile Antennas Having Cross-Polarization Components in Urban and Rural Areas, IEEE Trans. VT, Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 150–160, May 1990. k. D. Emmer, E. Humburg, P. Weber, and M. Weckerle, Measurements of Base Station Two-Branch Space and Polarization Diversity Reception and a Comparison of the Diversity Gain Based on the CDF of Signal Level and Simulations of BER in a GSM System, IEEE VTC’98, pp. 5–10, 1998. 1. J. Toftgard, and P.C.F. Eggers, Experimental Characterization of the Polarization State Dynamics of Personal Communication Radio Channels, 43rd IEEE VTC, 1993.
Smart Antennas References: a. J. Shapira, Modular Active Antennas Technology for Intelligent Antennas, 6th workshop on Smart Antennas in Wireless Mobile Communications, Stanford University, July 1999. b. S. Gordon, and M. Feuerstein, Evolution of Smart Antennas from 2G to 3G Air Interfaces, 6th workshop on Smart Antennas in Wireless Mobile Communications, Stanford University, July 1999. c. J. Shapira, Dynamic Enhancement and Optimal Utilization of CDMA Networks, PIMRC2004, Barcelona, Sept. 2004.
P. Beckmann, Amplitude-Probability Distribution of Atmospheric Radio Noise, Radio Science Journal, Vol. 68D, No. 6, July 1964.
Reference Books: a. J.D. Parsons, Mobile Radio Propagation Channel, 2nd Edition, Wiley 2000. b. K. Fujimoto, and J.R. James, Mobile Antenna Systems Handbook, 2nd Edition, Artech House, 2000. c. M. Patzold, Mobile Fading Channels, Wiley, 2002. d. J. Korhonen, Introduction to 3G mobile Communications, Artech House, 2001. e. R. Vaughan and J.B. Andersen, Channels, Propagation and Antennas for Mobile Communications, IEE, 2003. f. N. Blaunstein, Radio Propagation in Cellular Networks, Artech House, 2000. g. N. Balauinstein and J.B. Andersen, Multipath Phenomena, Artech House, 2002. h. H.L. Bertoni, Radio Propagation for Modern Wireless Systems, Prentice Hall, 2000. i. A. Giger, Low-Angle Microwave Propagation: Physics and Modeling, Artech House, 1991. j. M.L. Meeks, Radar Propagation at Low Altitudes, Artech House, 1982. k. C. Balanis, Antenna theory, Harper & Row, 1982.
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
(2007). The Mobile Radio Propagation Channel. In: CDMA Radio with Repeaters. Information Technology: Transmission, Processing and Storage. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-49064-9_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-49064-9_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-26329-8
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-49064-9
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)