Abstract
In this chapter we present our proposed modeling, simulation, and IT design approach to enabling sustainable socio-ecological energy systems. We summarize the methods introduced in this book and explain why and how their systematic use could enhance long-term system performance. It is illustrated how enhancing carefully designed IT could enable clean low-cost electricity provision to two islands in the Azores Archipelago. The explicit dependence of sustainable electricity service on data-driven predictions, decisions, and automation is discussed. Major new concepts in each chapter contributed to this book are summarized. Finally, the first-of-its-kind repository of real-world island data for assessing the role of software and automation in an island system, given in http://extras.springer.com, is briefly described.
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Notes
- 1.
A happy tale of two Azores islands is the one which provides a “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs.” The quote is the working definition of sustainability by the US National Academies.
- 2.
For understanding several qualitatively different architectures of energy systems and the necessary architecture-specific design of the IT that makes the best use of the available resources, see [4]. Notably, since the starting SEES of each representative architecture is qualitatively different, the design of the man-made grid and the IT for each one must be different.
- 3.
This classification has been particularly useful when relating physical system operations to electricity market problems.
- 4.
Operations tasks are based on [6], Chap. 2.
- 5.
This is not a common way of thinking about T&D losses and/or power grid congestion. However, we find it extremely useful, since it directly provides a measurable way of relating how efficiently the resources can provide energy to the users.
- 6.
Task 3 (optimization of the voltage controllable T&D, generation and demand equipment) can be interpreted, in light of sustainable SEES IT design, as being particularly important for aligning the spatial characteristics of the core variables.
- 7.
Recall the notion of proxy line flow limit, Chap. 1.
- 8.
The interconnection standards that require, for example, 9 ms ride-through of wind power plants without disconnecting themselves are fundamentally not implementable. The ability to meet this standard is system-specific and cannot be guaranteed without testing the wind power plant against the dynamics of the specific power grid to which the wind power plant would be connected. Even more fundamental is the problem of excessive requirements for high-gain power electronics design to fully decouple the closed-loop dynamics of a wind power plant from the rest of the power system. Of course, this is simple but very costly and often unnecessary. There are no similar requirements set on conventional power plants when these are interconnected to the power grid.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the US National Science Foundation Award 0931978 and by the Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC) Smart Grid Research Center (SGRC) at Carnegie Mellon University. The ideas of our book that have been reviewed in this chapter have evolved as a result of many research efforts, with several current and former graduate students coauthoring book chapters. The author fondly remembers many hours of working together and acknowledges the input.
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Ilić, M. (2013). The Tale of Two Green Islands in the Azores Archipelago. In: Ilic, M., Xie, L., Liu, Q. (eds) Engineering IT-Enabled Sustainable Electricity Services. Power Electronics and Power Systems, vol 30. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09736-7_2
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