12. Conclusions
Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) and the Thi Vai-Vung Tau (TV-VT) area are the economic locomotive of Vietnam. Their shipping routes and their extensive network of harbours are crucial in this. Present studies shown that the environment The of these water bodies is severely degraded. Urgent remediation measures are needed and include: firstly, the management and treatment of waste from urban and industrial areas, shipping routes, and aquaculture; secondly, there is an urgent need to remedy the serious status of exceedingly poor water and sediment quality, especially inside HCMC and the harbours of Go Dau and Thi Vai; thirdly, a solution must be found to arrest and reverse the present decline of environmental health and biodiversity in the CGMBR caused by human activities and shipping routes; finally, there is a pressing need to address the risk and high frequency of oil spills in HCMC and the TV-VT area. To be effective, these initiatives should be supported by multi-disciplinary research efforts and science-based tools, such as “HydroGIS”.
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Nhan, N.H. (2006). The Environment in Ho Chi Minh City Harbours. In: Wolanski, E. (eds) The Environment in Asia Pacific Harbours. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3655-8_17
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