Albedo
Albedo is the percentage of solar radiation reflected by an object. The term is derived from the Latin albus, white. A pure white object would reflect all radiation that impinges on it and have an albedo of 100%. A pure black object would absorb all radiation and have an albedo of 0%. Bright Earth features such as clouds, fresh snow, and ice have albedos that range from 50% to 95%. Forests, fresh asphalt, and dark soils have albedos between 5% and 20%. Table A15 presents representative albedos for a variety of objects. Knowledge of albedo is important because absorbed solar radiation increases the amount of energy available to the Earth’s surface and atmosphere, whereas reflected radiation returns to space.
Appreciation of the relation between albedo and climate extends historically to at least classical Greek times. P. Bouguer and J. Lambert first formulated the principles and theories by which albedo and reflectivity may be explained and measured in the eighteenth century, but...
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Cross-references
Cloud Climatology
Energy Budget Climatology
Snow and Snow Cover
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Goward, S.N. (2005). Albedo and Reflectivity. In: Oliver, J.E. (eds) Encyclopedia of World Climatology. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Dordrecht . https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3266-8_8
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