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Techniques and Applications of Wavelet Transform Methods for the Fast Detection of Venous Air Embolism in Doppler Heart Sound

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Computational Methods in Biophysics, Biomaterials, Biotechnology and Medical Systems

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20.1 4.1 Introduction

Venous air embolism (VAE) is hazardous when occurring in large quantity during surgery. It can occur through an opened vein with pressure being lower than ambient, causing air to be sucked into the circulatory system. The first fatal case of VAE in human being was reported during removal of a neck tumor in 1800 [1]. Thereafter, numerous VAE cases were depicted and many experimental studies were carried out on this potentially fatal anesthetic complication, which causes injury primarily by obstruction of blood flow from the right side of the heart to the left. This is due to mechanical obstruction of the right ventricular pulmonary outflow tract and pulmonary vasculature. VAE can result in considerable hypoxemia from mismatched ventilation-perfusion. With large emboli, systemic hypotension, myocardial ischemia, and arrhythmia occur and can result in death.

VAE cases were reported in a number of different surgical operations, ranging from craniotomy [2–6], cesarean...

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  1. Cornelius T. Leondes
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Leondes, C.T. (2003). Techniques and Applications of Wavelet Transform Methods for the Fast Detection of Venous Air Embolism in Doppler Heart Sound. In: Leondes, C.T. (eds) Computational Methods in Biophysics, Biomaterials, Biotechnology and Medical Systems. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48329-7_20

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48329-7_20

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-7110-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-306-48329-5

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