15.1 6.1 Introduction
Today, computer techniques are penetrating into almost every branch of engineering in one form or another. Whether in engineering industries or biomedical systems, computers have ever-increasingly become essential tools and are critical prerequisites for research and application. In biomedical systems, computers are applied to generate a graphical representation of the human body or biological macromolecules, or to determine the shape of the cockpit of an aircraft or the replacement of an injured knee. It is obvious that large quantities of data will be input, stored, manipulated, and visualized in any of these cases, which makes computer application in biomedical systems more complicated than some other industrial systems, such as mechanical product design.
The use of computer in biomedical systems has come relatively late as large amounts of computing power and sophisticated graphics are required. The delay of computer application in biomedical engineering is...
References
K. H. Kroemer. Combiman-computerized Bio-mechanical Man-Model. AMRL-TR-72-16, Wright Patterson AFB, OH, 1972.
D. Hidson. Computer-aided design and bio-engineering: a review of the literature. Technical note 88-31, Defence research establishment, Ottawa, 1988.
M. Ameil, J. F. Delattreet al. Computerized reconstruction of an anatomical structure based on digitized sections. Anat. Clin. 5: 261–264, 1984.
S. Batintzsky et al. Three dimensional computer reconstruction of brain lesions from surface contours provided by computed tomography: a prospectus. Neurosurgery 11(1): Part 1, 1982.
N. A. Langrana and J. Bronfld. Computer-assistant analysis of ligament constraints in the knee. Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research 196: 42–50, 1985.
P. Walker and J. Rovick et al. Computer Graphics looks at the knee: motion monitoring to the total artificial joint. SOMA July: 6–13, 1986.
A. Simmons, S. R. Arridge, G. J. Barker and P. S. Tofts. Segmentation of neuroanatomy in magnetic resonance images. Proceedings of SPIE, Medical imaging VI: image processing, February 24–27, Newport Beach, CA, 1992.
Amit Chakraborty, Lawrence H. Staib and James S. Duncan. An integrated approach to boundary finding in medical images. Proceedings of the IEEE workshop on biomedical image analysis, June 24–25, Seattle, WA, 1994.
E. Keepel. Approximating complex surface by triangulation of contour lines. IBM J. R &D 19: 1975.
H. N. Christiansen and T. W. Sederberg. Construction of complex contours line definition into ploygonal element mosaics. Computer Graphics 12(3): 1978.
S. Ganapathy and T. G. Dennely. A new general triangulation method for planar contours. Computer Graphics 16(3): 1982.
Jean Hsu, M. David Chelberg and F. Charles Babbs. A geometric modeling tool for visualization of human anatomical structure. Proceedings of the IEEE workshop on biomedical image analysis, June 24–25, Seattle, WA, 1994.
D. A. Milner and V. C. Vasiliou. Computer-Aided Engineering for Manufacture, pp. 1–125. Biddles Ltd, Guildford, Great Britain, 1986.
S. A. Ohr. Computer-Aided Engineering: A Survey of Standards, Trends, and Tools, pp. 1–341. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1990.
H. C. Chua. Quantitative 3-D Anatomy of the Human Vertebrae Asian Population, pp. 1–55. M. Eng 1st Year Internal Report, Nanyang Technological University.
M. H. Krag. Spine, 13: 27–32, 1988.
E. C. Teo, J. P. Paul and J. H. Evans. J. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 32: 236–238, 1994.
M. M. Panjabi, V. Goel and T. Oxland. Spine 17: 299–306, 1992.
A. B. Schultz, H. LaRocca, J. A. Galante. and T. P. Andriacchi. J. Biomech. 5: 409, 1972.
G. Sallant. Orthop. 62(2): 157, 1976.
I. Gallo, B. Ruiz. and F. Nistal. Am. J. Cardiol. 53: 1061–1065, 1984.
U. Bortolotti, A. Milano. and A. Mazzucco. J. Thorac. Cardio. Surg. 90: 564–569, 1985.
C. S. Lim, J. H. Yeo, A Duwani and E. K. W. Sim. Second scientific manufacturing of BES, 30 January, 1999, Singapore: 20.
R. Hose and M. M. Black. J. Heart Valve Dis. 4: S50–S54, 1995.
S. Reisner and R. Meltzer. J. Am. Soc. Echo. 1: 201–210, 1988.
G. T. Herman. J. Comp. Asst. Tomogr. 12: 450–454, 1998.
K. S. Kunzelman, R. P. Cochran, E. D. Verrier and R. C. Eberhart, J. Heart Valve Dis. 3: 491–496, 1994.
N. J. Mankovich. Proceedings SPIE-Rapid Prototyping 1444: 71–82, 1991.
T. M. Healy, A. A. Fontaine, J. T. Ellis, S. P. Walton and A. P. Yoganathan. Experiments in Fluids 25: 512–518, 1998.
J. H. Yeo, C. S. Lim, Y. Jiang and J. H. Wang. Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of a Bi-Leaflet Heart Valve Using Cray Supercomputer and Silicon Graphics Computer, pp. 1–52. Cray Quest, 1998.
S. C. M. Yu, D. N. Ghista and C. S. Lim. Anastomotic Flow and Flow Through Coronary Stents-Internal Report. p. 1. NTU, 1998.
K. H. Koh, S. E. Widmalm and W. J. Williams, MPE Research Bulletin NTU, p. 4, 1997.
Web Pages on Osteoporosis (Address: http://www.betterhealth.com).
W. T. Thomson and M. D. Dahleh. Theory of Vibration with Application 5th edn, pp. 271–273. Prentice Hall, New York, 1993.
M. Mori, H. Kurogane, T. Hayashi and Y. Yasaka. Am. J. of Cardiol. 78(5–6): 985–989, 1996.
H. J. C. Swan, U. Sigwart. and G. I. Frank. (Eds), Coronary Stents, pp. 1–52. Springer-Verlag, Germany, 1992.
A. J. Davidson. US Patent No. 5690670, 1997.
L. Chandra, M. Allen, R. Butter, N. Rushton, A. H. Lettington and T. W. Clyne. The Effect of Biological Fluids on the Adhesion of Diamond-Like Carbon Films to Metallic Substrates, Diamond and Related Materials, pp. 852–861, Elsevier Science Publisher B.V., 1995.
C. B. Sampson. Textbook of Radiopharmacy, Vol. 3 p. 224. Gordon & Breach Science Publishers, Cambridge, U.K., 1996.
R. Beyar. The BeStent, Handbook of Coronary Stent, pp. 153–163. Martin Dunitz Ltd, Rotterdam, 1997.
V. Van Stee, J. Tortal, P. A. Williams and S. Saha. S. Biomed. Engg. Conf., pp. 90–91. Proc. IEEE, Piscataway, U.S.A., 1995.
M. E. Allam and J. F. Greenleaf. Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing pp. 2315–2318. Proc. IEEE v4, Piscataway, U.S.A., 1995.
A. G. Houston, S. B. Premkumar, D. E. Pitts and R. J. Babaian. IEEE Symp. Comp.-Based Medical Systems, pp. 94–101. IEEE, Los Alamitos, U.S.A., 1995.
A. V. Cideciyan. Registration of ocular fundus images. IEEE Engg. Med. Biology Mag. 14(1): 52–58, 1995.
I. J. Hodgkinson, P. B. Greer and A. C. B. Molteno. Point spread function for light scattered in the human ocular fundus. J. Optical Soc. Am. A, Optics & Image Science 11(2): 479–486, 1994.
T. Y. Lee and H. D. Cheng. Bioengineering, pp. 54–58. IEEE Proc. NE Conf., U.S.A., 1994.
G. Tascini, G. Passerini, P. Puliti and P. Zingaretti. Retina Vascular Network Recognition, pp. 322–329. Proc. of Int. Soc. Optical Eng., Bellinghamn U.S.A., 1993.
W. S. Ng and C. K. Tan. Reliability Engineering and Systems Safety 54: 35–45, 1996.
P. J. Curtiss, K. L. Kelson and J. P. McGillis. Bioengineering, pp. 41–43. IEEE Proc. NE Conf., Piscataway, U.S.A., 1995.
C. S. Lim, C. K. Chua, K. Arichandran, G. T. H. Lim and V. Anantharaman. Int. J. Info. Tech., 3: 87–97, 1997.
N. Ayache. Image & Vision Comput. 13(4): 295–313, 1995.
P. Dario, E. Guglielmelli and B. Allotta. Robotics in Medicine, pp. 739–752. IEEE Int. Conf. Intell. Robots & Sys., Piscataway, U.S.A., 1994.
T. J. Sommer. Comput. Meth. Prog. Biomed. 48(1–2): 73–77, 1995.
D. C. Lymberopoulos, K. V. Spiropoulos., G. C. Anastassopoulos., S. A. Kotsopoulos and K. G. Solomou. J. Electronic Imaging 4(11): 84–97, 1995.
C. K. Chua, S. M. Chou, W. S. Ng, W. Fang, L. L. Bi, B. T. Sim, S. T. Lee and S. C Aung. MPE Research Bulletin NTU, p. 47, 1998.
M. Tuceryan, S. Douglas, R. T. Whitaker, D. E. Breen, C. Crampton, E. Rose and K. H. Ahlers. IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics 1(3): 255–273, 1995.
M. M. Wloka and B. G. Anderson. Proc. Symp. Interactive 3D Graphics, pp. 5–12, ACM, New York, U.S.A., 1995.
M. Bajura and U. Neumann. IEEE Comput. Graphics Appl. 15(5): 52–60, 1995.
D. P. Mahoney. Rapid prototyping in medicine. Computer Graphics World 18(2): 42–48, 1995.
B. Swaelens and J. P. Kruth. Medical applications in rapid prototyping techniques, Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Rapid Prototyping, June 14, 17: 107–120, 1993.
A. Jacobs, B. Hammer, G. Niegel, T. Lambrecht, H. Schiel, M. Hunziker and W. Steinbrich. First experience in the use of stereolithography in medicine. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Rapid Prototyping, June 14–17: 121–134, 1993.
J. Adachi, T. Hara, N. Kusu and H. Chiyokura. Surgical simulation using rapid prototyping. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Rapid Prototyping, June 14–17, pp. 135–142, 1993.
M. Koyayashi, T. Fujino, H. Chiyokura and T. Kurihara. Preoperative preparation of a hydroxyapatite prosthesis for bone defects using a laser-curable resin model. The Inaugural Congress of the International Society for Simulation Surgery, 1992.
T. Kaneko, M. Kobayashi, Y. Tsuchiya, T. Fujino, M. Itoh, M. Inomata, M. Uesugi, K. Kawashima, T. Tanijiri and N. Hasegawa. Free surface 3-dimensional shape measurement system and its application to Mictotia ear reconstruction. The Inaugural Congress of the International Society for Simulation Surgery, 1992.
K. Y. Chow. Development of a direct link between a laser digitiser and a rapid prototyping system. Final year thesis, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 1996.
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this entry
Cite this entry
Leondes, C.T. (2003). Computer Design and Manufacturing Systems, Techniques and Applications in Biomedical Systems. In: Leondes, C.T. (eds) Computational Methods in Biophysics, Biomaterials, Biotechnology and Medical Systems. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48329-7_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48329-7_15
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-7110-2
Online ISBN: 978-0-306-48329-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive