Abstract
Downtowns are not finite objects, nor do they remain in place. They grow and shrink, spread and contract, and move around. The changing composition of their economic base induces those changes, as do their changing populations. Therefore, to understand how and why downtowns are ever-changing, one must first understand the basis of their locations and the ways in which a location is connected to the metropolitan area it serves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Notes
- 1.
Alexander Garvin, The American City: What Works, What Doesn’t (3rd ed.), New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education, 2013, pp. 101–3.
- 2.
Alexander Garvin, The American City: What Works, What Doesn’t (3rd ed.), New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education, 2013, pp. 422–24 and 430–31.
- 3.
Alexander Garvin, The Planning Game: Lessons from Great Cities, New York, NY: W.W. Norton, 2013, pp. 54–58.
- 4.
David Stradling and Richard Stradling, Where the River Burned, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2015, p. x.
- 5.
Patrick Burnson, “Top 20 U.S. Ports: Competition Heats Up for Discretionary Cargo,” Logistics Management, May 1, 2015, http://www.logisticsmgmt.com/article/top_20_u.s._ports_competition_heats_up_for_discretionary_cargo
- 6.
Downtown Partnership of Baltimore.
- 7.
Cara Mia DiMassa, “Movie Tradition Fading to Black; Seventy Years after Its Neon Heyday, Downtown Los Angeles Is Struggling to Keep Its Last Cinematic Venue Afloat,” Los Angeles Times, February 17, 2006.
- 8.
Nathan Masters, “Seventh & Broadway: Photos of Downtown’s Crossroads through the Decades,” KCET website, August 1, 2012, https://www.kcet.org/shows/lost-la/seventh-broadway-photos-of-downtowns-crossroads-through-the-decades
- 9.
Raymond Chandler, The Little Sister (1949), quoted in Elizabeth Ward and Alain Silver (eds.), Raymond Chandler’s Los Angeles, Woodstock, NY: The Overlook Press, 1987, p. 98.
- 10.
Richard Longstreth, City Center to Regional Mall: Architecture, the Automobile, and Retailing in Los Angeles, 1920–1950, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, p. 204.
- 11.
Jim Heimann, Los Angeles: Portrait of a City, Cologne, Germany: Taschen, 2009, p. 305.
- 12.
Jim Heimann, Los Angeles: Portrait of a City, Cologne, Germany: Taschen, 2009, p. 306.
- 13.
NYC Department of City Planning.
- 14.
John Regardie, “State of Darkness: Another Movie Palace Quits Screening Films,” Los Angeles Downtown News, November 2, 1998.
- 15.
Jane Jacobs, “Downtown Is for People,” in Editors of Fortune, The Exploding Metropolis, New York, NY: Doubleday Anchor Books, 1958, pp. 164–65.
- 16.
Downtown Denver Partnership website, http://www.downtowndenver.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/State-of-Downtown-Denver-2017_SPREADS_email.pdf
- 17.
Garvin, The American City, pp. 176–78 and 221–22; Alexander Garvin, What Makes a Great City, Washington, DC: Island Press, 2016, pp. 36–40.
- 18.
Michael D. Beyard, W. Paul ’O’Mara, et al. Shopping Center Development Handbook (3rd ed.), Washington, DC: Urban Land Institute, 1999, p. 8.
- 19.
Michael D. Beyard, W. Paul ’O’Mara, et al. Shopping Center Development Handbook (3rd ed.), Washington, DC: Urban Land Institute, 1999, p. 8.
- 20.
City of Minneapolis website, http://www.ci.minneapolis.mn.us/neighborhoods/northloop/neighborhoods_northloop_population; Minneapolis Journal website, http://www.journalmpls.com/focus/neighborhood-spotlight/2016/08/the-north-loop-minneapolis-hippest-neighborhood/
- 21.
North Loop Minneapolis Neighborhood website, http://northloop.org/about/
- 22.
Sophie-Claire Hoeller, “The 12 Coolest Neighborhoods in America,” Thrillist, February 20, 2015, https://www.thrillist.com/travel/nation/coolest-neighborhoods-in-america-the-mission-wicker-park-and-highland-park-top-our-list
- 23.
Downtown Denver Partnership website, http://www.downtowndenver.com/wp-content/uploads/StateofDowntownDenver_Final_Web_Pages.pdf
- 24.
Joe Rubino, “When Whole Foods at Union Station Opens Next Week, Groceries Will Only Be Half the Story,” The Denver Post, November 7, 2017.
- 25.
Downtown Denver Partnership, “Center City Housing,” Denver, 2017.
- 26.
Downtown Denver Partnership, “2017 State of Downtown Denver,” Denver, 2017.
- 27.
J. Mark Souther, Believing in Cleveland: Managing Decline in “The Best Location in the Nation,” Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 2017, p. 172.
- 28.
J. Mark Souther, Believing in Cleveland: Managing Decline in “The Best Location in the Nation,” Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 2017, p. 201.
- 29.
Cleveland SMSA population as reported by the U.S. Bureau of the Census.
- 30.
Janet H. Cho, “Constantino’s Market Opening Its 4th Neighborhood Grocery Store on April 9, at the University of Rochester,” Cleveland Plain Dealer website, April 3, 2015, http://www.cleveland.com/business/index.ssf/2015/04/constantinos_market_opening_its_fourth_store_on_april_9_at_the_university_of_rochester.html
- 31.
Center City Philadelphia.
- 32.
Minneapolis/St. Paul Business Journal website, https://www.bizjournals.com/twincities/blog/real_estate/2016/02/downtown-minneapolis-population-growth-rate.html
- 33.
David J. Wallace, “Real Estate; New Hotel in Downtown Minneapolis,” New York Times website, November 11, 1992, http://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/11/business/real-estate-new-hotel-in-downtown-minneapolis.html
- 34.
Demographia United States Central Business Districts (Downtowns) website, 2006, http://americandreamcoalition.org/landuse/db-cbd2000.pdf; Downtown Detroit Partnership website, 2016, http://downtowndetroit.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/DDP-Annual-Report-WEB.pdf
- 35.
John F. McDonald, “What Happened to and in Detroit,” draft website, October 2013, https://www.ccimef.org/pdf/ARES-2014-281-What-Happened-To-and-In-Detroit.pdf
- 36.
Hudson-Webber Foundation, “7.2 SQMI: A Report on Greater Downtown Detroit” (2nd ed.), 2015, http://detroitsevenpointtwo.com/resources/7.2SQ_MI_Book_FINAL_LoRes.pdf
- 37.
Julia Beckusen, “Occupations in Information Technology,” American Community Survey Reportshttps://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2016/acs/acs-35.pdf
- 38.
IEDP website, https://www.iedp.com/articles/the-changing-workplace/
- 39.
Anne Kadet, “Entrepreneurs Are Getting Creative in the Co-Working Space,” Wall Street Journal, February 7, 2018.
- 40.
Roger Vincent, “Office Walls Are Closing In on Corporate Workers,” Los Angeles Times website, December 15, 2010, http://articles.latimes.com/2010/dec/15/business/la-fi-office-space-20101215
- 41.
The Mehigan Company Inc. website, http://mehiganco.com/wordpress/? p=684 and CoreNet Global.
- 42.
Greg David, “Who’s More Important in NYC, Tech or Wall Street?” Crain’s New York Business website, February 28, 2018, http://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20180301/BLOGS01/180229874/greg-david-on-ny-whos-bigger-in-nyc-tech-or-wall-street#utm_medium=email&utm_source=cnyb-morning10&utm_campaign=cnyb-morning10-20180301
- 43.
The first co-working space probably emerged in San Francisco. Curbed website, https://www.curbed.com/2016/10/25/13400170/real-estate-office-space-coworking-wework
- 44.
JLL website, “Shared Workspaces,” http://www.us.jll.com/united-states/en-us/Research/US-Shared-workspace-2016-JLL.pdf?fa225063-d93d-49eb-a389-a6bc00505cca
- 45.
Alliance for Downtown New York, www.downtownny.com
- 46.
U.S. Department of Labor, “Business Employment Dynamics,” Bureau of Labor Statistics website, https://www.bls.gov/bdm/entrepreneurship/bdm_chart5.htm
- 47.
Alliance for Downtown New York.
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Alexander Garvin
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Garvin, A. (2019). Where Is Downtown?. In: The Heart of the City. Island Press, Washington, DC. https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-950-0_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-950-0_2
Publisher Name: Island Press, Washington, DC
Print ISBN: 978-1-64283-062-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-61091-950-0
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)