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Evolution of Sirtuins From Archaea to Vertebrates

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Histone Deacetylases

Part of the book series: Cancer Drug Discovery and Development ((CDD&D))

Abstract

Most eukaryotic sirtuins (sir2-like proteins) can be grouped into four classes. In deuterostomes such as vertebrates, the urochordate sea squirt Ciona, and the echinoderm sea urchin Strongylocentrotus, there are seven sirtuins. Class I includes SIRT1, SIRT2, and SIRT3. SIRT4 is in class II and SIRT5 is in class III. Class IV includes SIRT6 and SIRT7. Fish have two SIRT5 orthologs while most other vertebrates have only one version of each of the seven sirtuins. Arthropods lack SIRT3, and some arthropods (e.g., Drosophila) lack SIRT5, but other arthropods have SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT4, SIRT5, SIRT6, and SIRT7. Most prokaryotic sirtuins can be grouped into three categories: the same class II and class III categories as seen in eukaryotes, and a class U, which could be the precursor of the eukaryotic class I and class IV sirtuins. A model is proposed in which the first eukaryote (which resulted from the engulfment of an α-proteobacterium by an archaean) received a class III sirtuin from the archaean parent, while the class II sirtuin and a class U sirtuin came from the α-proteobacterium parent. While most eukaryotic class III sirtuins appear to be derived from an archaeal class III sirtuin, the Kinetoplastida (Leishmania and Trypanosoma) have a class III sirtuin gene that appears to be of γ-proteobacterial origin, possibly an example of lateral gene transfer. The seven mammalian sirtuins are aligned and contrasted with sirtuins from diverse eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms.

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Abbreviations

Afum:

Aspergillus fumigatus Filamentous fungus

Anid:

Aspergillus nidulans Filamentous fungus

Atha:

Arabidopsis thaliana Green plant

Bjap:

Bradyrhizobium japonicum α -Proteobacterium

Bmor:

Bombyx mori Silk moth

Btau:

Bos taurus Cow

Cbri:

Caenorhabditis briggsae Nematode worm

Cele:

Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode worm

Cint:

Ciona intestinalis Sea squirt (urochordate)

Cmer:

Cyanidioschyzon merolae Red algae

Csav:

Ciona savignyi Sea squirt (urochordate)

Ddis:

Dictyostelium discoideum &quote;Slime mold&quote;

Dmel:

Drosophila melanogaster Fruitfly

Drer:

Danio rerio Zebrafish

Ggal:

Gallus gallus Chicken

Hsap:

Homo sapiens Human

Mbur:

Methanococcoides burtonii Archaean

Mmus:

Mus musculus Mouse

Phor:

Pyrococcus horikoshii Archaean

Pmul:

Pasteurella multocida γ -Proteobacterium

Ppat:

Physcomitrella patens Green plant (moss)

Rnor:

Rattus norvegicus Rat

Scer:

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fungus (brewer’s yeast)

Sman:

Schistosoma mansoni Trematode worm

Spom:

Schizosaccharomyces pombe Fungus (fission yeast)

Spur:

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Sea urchin (echinoderm)

Sscr:

Sus scrofa Pig

Styp:

Salmonella typhimurium γ -Proteobacterium

Tcru:

Trypanosoma cruzi Trypanosome

Tmar:

Thermotoga maritima Early eubacterium

Ylip:

Yarrowia lipolytica Fungus (yeast)

Xlae:

Xenopus laevis Frog (tetraploid genome)

Xtro:

Xenopus tropicalis Frog (diploid genome)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA

    Roy A. Frye MD, PhD

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  1. Roy A. Frye MD, PhD
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA

    Eric Verdin MD

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© 2006 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ

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Frye, R.A. (2006). Evolution of Sirtuins From Archaea to Vertebrates. In: Verdin, E. (eds) Histone Deacetylases. Cancer Drug Discovery and Development. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59745-024-3:183

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