Abstract
One individual’s lucid thoughts spell confusion to another unless logically explained from conception. I will therefore commence my preamble to this chapter, with some definitions, as I interpret them, of key aspects of my subject.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adam, K., & Oswald, I. (1983). Protein synthesis, bodily renewal and the sleep-wake cycle. Clinical Science, 65, 561–567.
Atanossova-Shopova, S., & Roussinov, K. S. (1970). On certain central neurotropic effects of lavender essential oil. Bulletin of the Institute of Physiology, 8, 69–76. (Quoted in V. Schulz et al., 2000, qv.)
Avallone, R., Zanoli, P., Corsi, L., et al. (1995). Benzodiazepine compounds and GABA in flower heads of matricaria chamomilla. Lancet, 346, 701.
Bos R., Woerdenbag, H. J., Van Putten, P. M. S., et al. (1998). Seasonal variations of the essential oil, valerenic acid and derivatives, and valepotriates in valeriana officinalis roots and rhizomes, and the selection of plants suitable for phytomedicines. Planta Medica, 64, 143–147.
Brenner, R., & Azbel, V. (2000). Comparison of an extract of hypericum (LI 160) and sertraline in the treatment of depression: A double-blind, randomised pilot study. Clinical Therapeutics, 22(4), 411–419.
Buchbauer, G., Jirovet, L., Jager, W., et al. (1991). Aromatherapy: Evidence for sedative effects of the essential oil of lavender after inhalation. Zeitung Naturforsche, 46c, 1067–1072.
Burns, A., Rossor, M., Hecker, J., et al. (1991). The effects of donepezil in Alzheimer’s disease—results from a multinational trial. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 10, 237–244.
Cohen, A. J., & Bartlik, B. (1998). Ginkgo biloba for antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 24, 139–143.
Connor, K. M., Watkins, L. L., & Davidson, J. R. T. (2000). A study of an herbal anxiolytic. In 39th Annual Meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2000.
Cropley, M., Cave, Z., Ellis, J., et al. (2002). Effect of kava and valerian on human physiological and psychological responses to mental stress assessed under laboratory conditions. Phytotherapy Research, 16, 23–27.
Diamond, B. J., Shiflett, S. C., Feweil, N., et al. (2000). Ginkgo biloba extract: Mechanisms and clinical indications. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 81, 668–678.
Donath, F., Quispe, S., Diefenbach K., et al. (2000). Clinical evaluation of the effect of valerian extract on sleep structure and sleep quality. Pharmacopsychiatry, 33, 47–53.
Escher, M., & Desmeules, J. (2001). Hepatitis associated with kava, an herbal remedy for anxiety. British Medical Journal, 322, 139.
Fox N. C., & Schott, J. M. (2004). Imaging cerebral atrophy: Normal aging to Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet 363, 392–394.
Frances, A., Pincus, H. A., & First, M.B. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of psychiatric disorders (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
Franklin, M., Reed, A., & Murck, H. (2004). Sub-chronic treatment with an extract of Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s wort) significantly reduces cortisol and corticosterone in rat brain. European Psychopharmacology, 14, 7–10.
Gould, L., Reddy, C. V. R., & Comprecht, R. F. (1973). Cardiac effect of chamomile tea. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 13, 475–479.
Grigson, G. (1958). The Englishman’s Flora. London: Hart-Davis, MacGibbon.
Gruenwald, J., & Feder, J. (2002). Kava, the present European situation. Nutriceuticals World, Jan/Feb, 22–24.
Grunze, H., & Walden, J. (1999). Kawain limits excitation in CA 1 pyramidal neurons of rats by modulating ionic currents and attenuating excitatory synaptic transmission. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, 14, 63.
Guillmain, J., Rousseau, A., & Delaveau, P. (1989). Effects neurodepresseurs de l’huile essentielle de lavandula augustifolia. Mill. Ann. Pharmaceutiques, 47, 337–343.
Hagnell, O., Lanke, J., & Rorsman, B. (1981). Suicide rates in the Lundby study; mental illness as a risk factor for suicide. Neuropsychology, 7, 248–253.
Hamilton, M. (1959). The assessment of anxiety states by rating. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 32, 50–55.
Hamilton, M. (1960). Development of a rating scale for primary depressive illness. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 6, 278–296.
Hansel, R., & Haas, H. (1984). Therapie mit Phytopharmaka. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
Hansel, R., & Wagener, H. H. (1967). Versuche: Sedativ-hypnotische Wirkstoffe im Hopfen Nachzuweisen. Arzheim-Forsche/Drug Research, 17, 79–81.
Hardy, M., Kirk-Smith, M. D., & Stretch, D. D. (1995). Replacement of drug treatment for insomnia by ambient odour. Lancet, 346, 701.
Holz, J., & Godot P. (1989). Receptor binding studies with valeriana officinalis on the benzodiazepine receptor. Planta Medica, 65, 642.
Hordern, A. (1976). Tranquility denied. Adelaide: Rigby.
Horne, J. (1988). Why we sleep. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Jacobs, M. A., Spilken, A., & Norman, N. (1969). Relationship of life-change, maladaptive aggression and upper respiratory infections in male college students. Psychosomatic Medicine, 31, 31–34.
Kennedy, D. O., Little, W., & Scholey, A. B. (2002). Effects of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) on mood changes during acute psychological stress. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 72, 953–964.
Laakmann, G., Schule, C., Baghai, T., et al. (1998). St John’s wort in mild-moderate depression: The relevance of hyperforin for clinical efficacy. Pharmacopsychiatry, 31 (Suppl.), 54–59.
Le Bars, P. L., Katz, M. M., Berman N., et al. (1997). A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised trial of an extract of ginkgo biloba for dementia. Journal of the American Medical Association, 278(16), 1327–1332.
Lindahl, O. & Lindwall, L. (1989). Double-blind study of a valerian preparation. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 32, 1065–1066.
Linde, K., Ramirez, G., Mulrow, C. D., et al. (1996). St. John’s wort for depression: An overview and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. British Medical Journal, 315, 255–258.
Lis-Balchin, M., & Hart, S. (1999). Studies on the mode of action of essential oil lavender (lavandula angustifolia P. Miller). Phytotherapy Research, 13, 540–542.
Maluf, E., Barros, H. M. T., Prochtengarten, M. L., et al. (1991). Assessment of the hypnotic/sedative effects and toxicity of passiflora edulis aqueous extract in rodents and humans. Phytotherapy Research, 5, 262–265.
Mendelson, W. V., Garnet, G., Gilling, J. C., et al. (1984). The experience of insomnia and daytime and night-time functioning. Psychosomatic Research, 12, 235–250.
Mix, J. A., & Crews, W. D. (2002). A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of ginkgo extract EGb 761 in a sample of cognitively intact older adults: Neuropsychological findings. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, 17, 267–277.
Moss, M. C., Hewitt, S., Wesnes, K., & Goford, J. (2003). Modulation of cognition and mood by the aromas of ylang-ylang and peppermint essential oils. Poster presented by the University of Manchester at the summer meeting of the British Association for Psychopharmacology, 2003.
Muller, W. E., Rolli, M., Schafer, C., et al. (1997). Effects of hypericum extract (LI 160) in biochemical models of antidepressant activity. Pharmacopsychiatry 30(Suppl. 2), 202–207.
O’Breasail, A. M., & Arguarch, S. (1998). Hypomania and St.John’s wort. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 43(7), 746–747.
Ozturk, Y. (1997). Testing of antidepressant effects of hypericum species on animal models. Pharmacopsychiatry, 30(Suppl. 2), 125–128.
Palmblad, J., Petrini, B., Wasserman, J., et al. (1986). Lymphocyte and granulocyte reactions during sleep deprivation. Psychosomatic Medicine, 41, 273–278.
Pavese, C. (1961). This business of living: Diaries 1935–1950. London: Peter Owen.
Pilcher, J. J., & Huffcutt, A. I. (1996). Effects of sleep deprivation on performance: A meta-analysis. Sleep, 19, 316–326.
Porcher, F. P. (1970). Resources of the southern fields and forests: Medical, economical and agricultural: Prepared and published by order of the Surgeon-General 1863. New York: Amo.
Reisberg, B., Doody, R., Stoffler, A., et al. (2003). Memantine in moderate-to-severe Alzheimers disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 348, 1333–1334.
Schrader, E. (2000). Equivalence of St. John’s wort extract (Ze 117) and fluoxetine: A randomised, controlled study in mild-moderate depression. Clinical Psychopharmacology, 15, 61–68.
Schulz, V., Hansel, R., & Tyler, V. E. (2000). Rational Phytotherapy. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
Segraves, R. T. (1998). Antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 59,(Suppl. 4), 48–54.
Selye, H. (1936). A syndrome produced by diverse noxious agents. Nature, 146, 37–45.
Singh, Y. N. Kava: An overview. (1992). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 37, 13–45.
Speroni, E., & Minghetti, A. (1988). Neuropharmacological activity of extracts from passiflora incarnata. Planta Medica, 54, 488–491.
Starkey, I. R., & Lawson, A. A. (1980). Psychiatric aspect of acute poisoning with tricyclic and related antidepressants. A ten year revue. Scottish Medical Journal, 25, 303–308.
Stocker, H. R. (1967). Sedative und hypnogenie Wirkung des Hopfens. Schweizer Brauerei Rundschau, 78, 80–89.
Stough, C., Clarke, J., Lloyd, J., & Nathan, P. J. (2001). Neuropsychological changes after 30-day Ginkgo biloba administration in healthy participants. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 4, 131–134.
Tyler, V. E. (1987). The new honest herbal: A sensible guide to herbs and related substances (2nd ed., pp. 125–126). Philadelphia: Suckly Co.
van Dongen, M. C., van Rossum, M., & Knipschild, P. (2000). In T. A. van Beek, (Ed.). Ginkgo biloba. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic.
Vorbach, E. U., Arnoldt, K. H., & Hubner, W. D. (1997). Efficacy and tolerability of St. John’s wort extract LI 160 versus imipramine in patients with severe depressive episodes according to ICD-10. Pharmacopsychiatry, 30 (Suppl.), 19–23.
Wagner, H., Sprinkmeyer, L., Koch-Heitzmann, I., & Schultze, W. (1984). Melissa officinalis. Eine alte Arzneipilance mit neuen therapeutischen Wirkungen. Deutsche Apotheker-Zeitung, 124, 2137–2145.
Walden, J., von Wegerer, J., Winter, U., et al. (1997) Effects of kawain and dihydromethisticin on field potential changes in the hippocampus. Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 21, 697–706.
Wheatley, D. (1969). Comparative effects of propranolol and chlordiazepoxide in anxiety states. British Journal of Psychiatry, 115, 1411–1412.
Wheatley, D. (1981). Stress and the heart (2nd ed.). New York: Raven.
Wheatley, D. (1990). The anxiolytic jungle: Where next? Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Wheatley, D. (1992). Prescribing short-acting hypno-sedatives, current recommendations from a safety perspective. Drug Safety, 7(2), 106–115.
Wheatley, D. (1997). LI 160, an extract of St John’s wort, versus amitriptylline in mildly-moderately depressed outpatients—a controlled clinical trial in outpatients. Pharmacopsychiatry, 30(2), 77–80.
Wheatley, D. (1998). Sex, stress and sleep. Stress Medicine, 14, 245–248.
Wheatley, D. (1999). Ginkgo biloba in the treatment of sexual dysfunction due to antidepressant drugs. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, 14, 511–513.
Wheatley, D. (2001a). Kava-kava in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Primary Care Psychiatry, 7, 97–100.
Wheatley, D. (2001b). Stress-induced insomnia treated with kava and valerian singly and in combination. Human Psychopharmacology, 16, 353–356.
Wheatley, D. (in press). Medicinal plants for insomnia: A review of their pharmacology, efficacy and tolerability. CNS Drugs.
Wheatley, D. (2004). Triple-blind placebo-controlled trial of Ginkgo biloba in sexual dysfunction due to antidepressant drugs. Human Psychopharmacology, 19, 545–548.
Woelk, H., Burkard, G., & Grunwald, J. G. (1994). Benefits and risks of the hypericum extract LI 160: Drug monitoring study with 3250 patients. Journal of Geriatric and Psychiatric Neurology, 7(Suppl. 1), 34–38.
Yesavage, J. A., Mumenthaler, M. S., Taylor, J. L., et al. (2002). Donepezil and flight simulator performance: Effects on retention of complex skills. Neurology, 59, 123–125.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wheatley, D. (2006). Herbal Products, Stress, and the Mind. In: Yehuda, S., Mostofsky, D.I. (eds) Nutrients, Stress, and Medical Disorders. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-952-4:137
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-952-4:137
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-432-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-952-3
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)