Abstract
After a period of certainty in the second half of the 1990s, the Atlantic Alliance is once again prey to self-questioning. Retrospectively, the shift occurred in the spring of 1999: upon approaching its fiftieth anniversary, the Alliance that had survived the Cold War and had established itself as the arbiter of European security, appeared to be stronger and more united than ever. Did not the “Allied Force” operation demonstrate just that? But this triumphalism was quickly transformed into skepticism as the “success” celebrated after the Kosovo Crisis gave way to a critical assessment that largely explains the subsequent revival of tension in transatlantic relations, accompanied by a forceful return of the European option.
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Notes
For an interpretation of the post-Cold War evolution of the Alliance, see Frédéric Bozo, Where does the Atlantic Alliance Stand? The Improbable Partnership, Les Notes de l’IFRI, no. 6 bis, Paris, 1999.
On the legal aspects, see Serge Sur, Le Recours à la force dans l’affaire du Kosovo et le droit international, Note d’IFRI, no. 22, Paris, September 2000,
and Catherine Guicherd, “International Law and the War in Kosovo,” Survival 41: 2 (Summer 1999), pp. 19–34.
For a critical analysis of the operation, see Ivo Daalder and Michael O’Hanlon, Winning Ugly: NATO’s War to Save Kosovo (Washington: Brookings, 2000).
See Guillaume Parmentier, “Redressing NATO’s Imbalances,” Survival 42: 2 (Summer 2000), pp. 96–112
and Kori Schake, Evaluating NATO’s Efficiency in Crisis Management, Note d’IFRI, no. 21, Paris, 2000.
For an attempt to interpret the post-Cold War failure at transatlantic rebalancing, see Frédéric Bozo, “The Transatlantic Relationship: Change or Continuity? A European Critique,” in S. Victor Papacosma, Sean Kay, and Mark Rubin, eds., NATO after Fifty Years (Wilmington: Scholarly Resources, 2001).
On the changes in French policy during this period, see Frédéric Bozo, La France et l’Alliance atlantique depuis la fin de la guerre froide. Le modèle gaullien en question? (Paris: Cahiers du centre d’études d’histoire de la défense, 2001).
These tendencies are well analyzed in Steven Everts, Unilateral America, Lightweight Europe? Managing Divergence in Transatlantic Foreign Policy, Working Paper, Center for European Reform, March 2001, www.cer.organization.uk.
See Joseph Fitchett, “U.S. and EU Ponder Defense Trade-Off,” International Herald Tribune, February 8, 2001.
On this point see David C. Gompert, “America and Europe: Partnership, Division of Labor—or Worse?” Lecture to IFRI, March 8, 2001.
Such a scheme was outlined several years ago by David C. Gompert and F. Stephen Larrabee, in America and Europe: A Partnership for a New Era (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997). At the time, the situation appeared unpropitious for its realization in that the Alliance, after the dénouement of the crisis in Bosnia, seemed seriously unbalanced; see Frédéric Bozo, Où en est l’Alliance atlantique? Op. cit.
On this topic see the analysis by Gilles Andréani, Christoph Bertram, and Charles Grant, Europe’s Military Revolution (London: Center for European Reform, 2001).
On this convergence, see Nicole Gnesotto, L’Europe et la puisssance (Paris: Presses de Sciences-Po, 1998).
In William Cohen’s expression, International Herald Tribune, December 6, 2000.
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© 2003 Jolyon Howorth and John T.S. Keeler
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Bozo, F. (2003). The Effects of Kosovo and the Danger of Decoupling. In: Howorth, J., Keeler, J.T.S. (eds) Defending Europe. Europe in Transition: The NYU European Studies Series. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403981363_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403981363_4
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