Abstract
The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) appears to be the international arms control agreement most directly relevant to the regulation of ICA weapons, RCAs and their means of delivery. However, there are additional arms control and disarmament agreements and related regimes that are also potentially applicable, and these will be explored in this chapter, as part of the ongoing HAC analytical process. Examination of such agreements may reveal important additional regulatory mechanisms that impose obligations upon their State Parties (and more broadly if they are considered to constitute international customary law), which reinforce or supplement those stipulated under the CWC.
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Notes
For discussion see Henckaerts, J. and Doswald-Beck, L. Customary International Humanitarian Law, Volume I: Rules, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp. 263–265; Henckaerts, J. and Doswald-Beck, L. Customary International Humanitarian Law, Volume II: Practice, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp. 1742–1762.
See Henckaerts, J. and Doswald-Beck, L. (2005) Volume II, op.cit., pp. 1750–1753.
Ibid., pp. 1742–1762.
Von Wagner, A. Toxic Chemicals for Law Enforcement Including Domestic Riot Control Purposes Under the Chemical Weapons Convention, in Pearson, A., Chevrier, M. and Wheelis, M. (eds), Incapacitating Biochemical Weapons. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2007, p. 204; see also Henckaerts, J. and Doswald-Beck, L. (2005) Volume I, op.cit., pp. 263–265.
Kelle, A., Nixdorff, K. and Dando, M. Controlling Biochemical Weapons: Adapting Multilateral Arms Control for the 21st Century, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006, p. 16; Perry Robinson, J. Item 456, Near-Term Development of the Governance Regime for Biological and Chemical Weapons, 2006, Appendix, p. 21.
Henckaerts, J. and Doswald-Beck, L. (2005) op.cit., For a discussion see Rule 74. The use of chemical weapons is prohibited, and Rule 75. The use of riot control agents as a method of warfare is prohibited, pp. 259–265.
For further discussion see Kelle, A., Nixdorff, K. and Dando, M. (2006) op.cit., p. 43; Kelle, A. Ensuring the Security of Synthetic Biology: Towards a 5P Governance Strategy, Systems and Synthetic Biology, volume 3, 2009, pp. 85–90.
Chevrier, M. and Leonard, J. Incapacitating Biochemicals and the Biological Weapons Convention, in Pearson, A., Chevrier, M. and Wheelis, M. (eds), Incapacitating Biochemical Weapons, Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2007, pp. 209–224, p. 211.
For example see World Health Organization (2002 and revised 2004), Public Health Response to Biological and Chemical Weapons: WHO Guidance, Annex 2: Toxins; Chevrier, M. and Leonard, J. (2007) op.cit., p. 211.
Response of the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, Fourth Report from the Foreign Affairs Committee, Session 2008–09, Global Security: Non-Proliferation, The Stationary Office, August 2009, p. 22.
USA, Department of the Navy, Office of the Judge Advocate General, Legal Review of Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) Pepper Spray, for Commander, Marine Corps Systems Command, Ser 103/353, 19th May 1998, p. 10.
Goldblat, J. The Biological Weapons Convention: An Overview, International Review of Red Cross, Volume 79, article number 318, 30th June 1997; Sossai, M. Drugs as Weapons: Disarmament Treaties Facing the Advances in Biochemistry and Non-Lethal Weapons Technology, Journal of Conflict & Security Law, volume 15, 2010, p. 5.
Henckaerts, J. and Doswald-Beck, L. (2005) Volume I, op.cit., p. 256.
Hampson, F. International Law and the Regulation of Weapons, in Pearson, A., Chevrier, M. and Wheelis, M. (eds), Incapacitating Biochemical Weapons, Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2007, pp. 231–260.
Tucker, J. Putting Teeth in the Biological Weapons Convention, Issues in Science and Technology, Spring 2002, National Academy of Sciences/Institute of Medicine, University of Texas.
Yezdani, I. Chemical Weapons Used Against Syrians, Says Defected Soldier, Hürriyet Daily News, 21 February 2012: cited and discussed in Perry Robinson, J. Alleged Use of Chemical Weapons in Syria, Harvard Sussex Program Occasional Paper No. 4, 26th June 2013, pp. 11–12.
Ibid.
Perry Robinson, J. (2013) op.cit., p. 12.
Ibid.
Kelle, A., Nixdorff, K. and Dando, M. (2006) op.cit., pp. 165–166.
Ibid., p. 166.
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© 2016 Michael Crowley
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Crowley, M. (2016). Arms Control and Disarmament Agreements Applicable to ICA Weapons and Riot Control Agents. In: Chemical Control. Global Issues Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137467140_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137467140_6
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
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