Skip to main content

Abstract

Primary healthcare (PHC) has been in ascendance on the global healthcare agenda, and with good reason (Haggerty et al, 2013; Starfield et al., 2005; WHO, 2008). Yet the journey towards building PHC-focused health systems and policies has not been straightforward and there is considerable diversity across countries. Some, such as England, appear to be pursuing competition and patient choice combined with devolution of purchasing budgets to general practitioners (GPs) in order to heighten the focus on PHC; others have aimed for collaboration among the different parts of the healthcare system in order to improve service integration and, especially, targeting PHC as the place of first contact with the healthcare system and of patient care coordination.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Berwick, D. M., T. W. Nolan and J. Whittington (2008) “The Triple Aim: Care, Health, and Cost’, Health Affairs, 27(3), 759–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blank, R. H. and V. Burau (2010) Comparative Health Policy, third edition (Houndmills: Pal grave).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bodenheimer, T. and H. Pham (2010) ‘Primary Care: Cmrent Problems and Proposed Solutions’, Health Affairs, 29(5), 799–805.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, P., A. Mehrotra and D. Auerbach (2014) ‘Do We Really Need More Physicians? Responses to Predicted Primary Care Physician Shortages’, Medical Care, 52(2), 95–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • District Health Boards New Zealand (2005) PHO Performance Management Programme (Wellington: District Health Boards New Zealand).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gauld, R. (2008) “The Unintended Consequences of New Zealand’s Primary Care Reforms’, Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 33(1), 93–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gauld, R., R. H. Blank, J. Burgers, A. B. Cohen, M. Dobrow, N. Ikegami, S. Know, K. Luxford, C. Millet and C. Wendt (2012) ‘The World Health Report 2008 — Primary Healthcare: How Wide Is the Gap between Its Agenda and Implementation in 12 High-income Health Systems?’ Healthcare Policy, 7(3), 38–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gauld, R. and N. Mays (2006) ‘Reforming Primary Care: Are New Zealand’s New Primary Health Organisations Fit for Purpose?’ British Medical Journal, 333, 1216–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haggerty, J., J. F. Levesque, W. Hogg and S. Wong (2013) ‘The Strength of Primary Care Systems’, British Medical Journal, 346(7914):f3777.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, A., S. Griffiths and S. Gillam (2007) Public Health and Primary Care: Partners in Population Health (Oxford: Oxford University Press).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, B., J.-F. Levesque, E. Strumph and N. Coyle (2011) ‘Primary Health Care in Canada: systems in Motion’, Milbank Quarterly, 89(2), 256–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Integrated Performance and Incentive Framework Expert Advisory Group (2013) Integrated Performance and Incentive Framework: Description and Outline of Potential Measures, 30 September (Wellington: Integrated Performance and Incentive Framework Expert Advisory Group).\

    Google Scholar 

  • James, B. C. and L. A. Savitz (2011) ‘How ïntermountain Trimmed Health Care Costs Through Robust Quality Improvement Efforts’, Health Affairs, 30(6), 1185–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King, A. (2001) The Primary Health Care Strategy (Wellington: Ministry of Health).

    Google Scholar 

  • Letford, K. and T. Ashton (2010) ‘Integrated Family Health Centres’, Health Policy Monitor, April, at: http://hpm.org/en/Surveys/The_University_of _Auckland_-_New_Zealand/15/

  • Integrated_Fam.ily_Health_Centres.html, accessed 20 February 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malcolm, L. and N. Mays (1999) ‘New Zealand’s Independent Practitioner Associations: A Working Model of Clinical Governance in Primary Care?’ British Medical Journal, 319, 1340–2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marmor, T. and J. White (2009) ‘Primary Care and Health Reform: Concepts, Confusions, and Clarifications’, in T. Marmor, R. Freeman and K. Okma (eds.), Comparative Studies and the Politics of Modern Medical Care (New Haven: Yale University Press), 180–202.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • McAvoy B. and G. Coster (2005) ‘General Practice and the New Zealand Health Reforms: Lessons for Australia?’ Australia and New Zealand Health Policy, 2 (26), 1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Okma, K. (ed.) (2010) Six Countries, Six Reform Models: The Healthcare Reform Experience of Israel, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Singapore, Switzerland and Taiwan (Singapore: World Scientific Publishers).

    Google Scholar 

  • Penno, E., R. Gauld and R. Audas (2013) ‘How Are Population-Based Funding Formulae for Healthcare Composed? A Comparative Analysis of Seven Models’, BMC Health Services Research, 13: 470.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rifkin, S. B. and G. Walt (1986) ‘Why Health Improves: Defining the Issues Concerning “Comprehensive Primary Health Care” and “Selective Primary Health Care” ‘, Social Science & Medicine, 6, 559–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Russell, M., J. Cumming, A. Slack, D. Peterson and A. Gilbert (2003) ‘Integrated Care: Reflections from Research’, in R. Gauld (ed.), Continuity amid Chaos: Health Care Management and Delivery in New Zealand (Dunedin: University of Otago Press), 201–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryall, T. (2008) Better, Sooner, More Convenient: Health Discussion Paper by Hon Tony Ryall MP (Wellington: National Party).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schoen, C, R. Osbom, D. Squires and M. Doty (2013) ‘Access, Affordability, and Insurance Complexity Are Often Worse in the United States Compared to Ten Other Countries’, Health Affairs, 32(12), 1–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schoen, O, R. Osbom, D. Squires, M. Doty, R. Pierson and S. Applebaum (2011) ‘New 2011 Survey of Patients With Complex Care Needs in Eleven Countries Finds that Care Is Often Poorly Coordinated’, Health Affairs, 30(12), 2437–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, J., H. Holder, N. Edwards, J. Maybin, H. Parker, R. Rosen and N. Walsh (2013) Securing the Future of General Practice: New Models of Primary Care (London: King’s Fund and Nuffield Trust).

    Google Scholar 

  • Starfield, B., L. Shi and J. Macinko (2005) ‘Contribution of Primär)’’ Care to Health Systems and Health’, The Milbank Quarterly, 83(3), 457–502.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tenbensel, T, S. Eagle and T. Ashton (2012) ‘Comparing Health Policy Agendas Across Eleven High Income Countries: Islands of Difference in a Sea of Similarity’, Health Policy, 106, 29–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Timmins, N. and C. Ham (2013) The Quest for Integrated Health and Social Care: A CaseStudy in Canterbury, New Zealand (London: King’s Fund).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuohy, C. H. (1999) Accidental Logics: The Dynamics of Change in the Health Care Arena in the United States, Britain and Canada (New York: Oxford University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilsford, D. (1994) ‘Path Dependency, or Why History Makes It Difficult but Not Impossible to Reform Health Systems in a Big Way’, journal of Public Policy, 14(3), 251–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • WHO — World Health Organization (1978) Alma-Ata Declaration on Primary Healthcare: Report of the International Conference on Primary Health Care (Geneva: WHO).

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO — World Health Organization (2008) The World Health Report 2008: Primary Health Care — Now More Than Ever (Geneva: WHO).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2015 Robin Gauld

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gauld, R. (2015). Primary Healthcare as a Global Healthcare Concept. In: Kuhlmann, E., Blank, R.H., Bourgeault, I.L., Wendt, C. (eds) The Palgrave International Handbook of Healthcare Policy and Governance. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137384935_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics