Skip to main content

The People’s Republic of China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

  • Chapter
Globalization Contained
  • 99 Accesses

Abstract

Following Mao’s death in 1976, his successors began to undo the policies he had put in place. They introduced reforms through a gradual process of trial and error. Unproductive collective farms were eliminated and turned over to families, who began to reap the benefits of their labors. The resulting increases in productivity improved agricultural output, releasing a deluge of unneeded farm laborers from the countryside into the cities.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. Morrison, Wayne M. 2012. China’s Economic Conditions. [online] June 26. Available at:http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/194783.pdf [Accessed December 11, 2012].

    Google Scholar 

  2. Central Intelligence Agency. 2012. East and Southeast Asia: China. The World Factbook. [online] September 11. Available at: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html [Accessed November 22, 2012].

    Google Scholar 

  3. Morrison, Wayne M. 2012. China’s Economic Conditions. [online] June 26. Available at: http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/194783.pdf [Accessed December 11, 2012].

    Google Scholar 

  4. World Economic Forum. 2011. The Global Competitiveness Report. [online] Available at:http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GCR_Report_2011–12.pdf [Accessed September 4, 2012].

    Google Scholar 

  5. Central Intelligence Agency. 2012. East and Southeast Asia: China. The World Factbook. [online] September 11. Available at: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html [Accessed November 22, 2012].

    Google Scholar 

  6. Central Intelligence Agency. 2012. East and Southeast Asia: China. The World Factbook. [online] September 11. Available at: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html [Accessed November 22, 2012].

    Google Scholar 

  7. Heritage Foundation. 2012. Index of Economic Freedom: China. [online] Available at:http://www.heritage.org/index/country/china [Accessed September 8, 2012].

    Google Scholar 

  8. McDonald, Joe, and Lee, Youkyung. 2012. China Overtaking US as Global Trader. [online] December 3. Available at: http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2012-12-02/ap-impact-china-overtaking-us-as-global-trader [Accessed December 5, 2012].

    Google Scholar 

  9. Hill, Charles W. L., Cronk, Thomas, and Wickramasekera, Rumintha. 2008. Global Business Today: An Asia-Pacific Perspective. Sydney: McGraw—Hill Irwin.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Chiu, Stephen Wing Kai, Ho, Kong Chong, and Lui, Tai Lok. 1997. City-States in the Global Economy: Industrial Restructuring in Hong Kong and Singapore. Boulder: Westview Press.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Wong, Peter. 2007. Hong Kong: Asia’s World Port. In Kevin Cullinane and Dong Wook Song, eds., Asian Container Ports: Development, Competition and Co-operation. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Chapter 7.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Central Intelligence Agency. 2010. East and Southeast Asia: Hong Kong. The World Factbook. [online] Available at: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/hk.html [Accessed July, 20 2010].

    Google Scholar 

  13. Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Trade and Industry Department. 2012. The Mainland of China and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Some Important Facts. [online] August 3. Available at: http://www.tid.gov.hk/english/aboutus/publications/factsheet/china.html [Accessed September 18, 2012].

    Google Scholar 

  14. Institute for Management Development. 2012. IMD Announces Its 2012 World Competitiveness Rankings. [online] May 31. Available at: http://www.imd.org/news/IMD-announces-its-2012-World-Competitiveness-Rankings.cfm?tea4=true [Accessed October 6, 2012].

    Google Scholar 

  15. Central Intelligence Agency. 2012. East and Southeast Asia: Hong Kong. The World Factbook. [online] September 12. Available at: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/hk.html [Accessed December 2, 2012].

    Google Scholar 

  16. Tao, Zhigang, and Wong, Y. C. Richard. 2001. Hong Kong: From an Industrialized City to a Center of Manufacturing—Related Services. [online] August. Available at: http://www.hiebs.hku.hk/working_paper_updates/pdf/wp1022.pdf [Accessed September 2, 2012].

    Google Scholar 

  17. Chen, Hongyi, and Unteroberdoerster, Olaf. 2008. Hong Kong SAR Economic Integration with the Pearl River Delta. [online] December. Available at: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2008/wp08273.pdf [Accessed August 4, 2011].

    Google Scholar 

  18. Huang, Yanjie, and Chen, Shaofeng. 2010. Pearl River Delta in a Crisis of Industrialization. In Yongnian Zheng and Sarah Y. Tong, eds., China and the Global Economic Crisis. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing. Chapter 4.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Chen, Hongyi, and Unteroberdoerster, Olaf. 2008. Hong Kong SAR Economic Integration with the Pearl River Delta. [online] December. Available at: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2008/wp08273.pdf [Accessed August 4, 2011].

    Google Scholar 

  20. Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. 2011. Hong Kong Section of the Guangzhou—Shenzhen—Hong Kong Express Rail Link. [online] July 31. Available at: http://www.thb.gov.hk/eng/policy/transport/issues/cbt_4.htm [Accessed September 20, 2012].

    Google Scholar 

  21. Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office. 2012. The Port of Hong Kong—Today and Tomorrow. [online] August 20. Available at: http://www.hketotoronto.gov.hk/press-room/press-releases/2012/08/The-Port-of-Hong-Kong-Today-and-Tomorrow/index.php [Accessed October 2, 2012].

    Google Scholar 

  22. World Shipping Council. 2012. Top 50 World Container Ports. [online] Available at: http://www.worldshipping.org/about-the-industry/global-trade/top-50-world-container-ports [Accessed October 3, 2012].

    Google Scholar 

  23. HKTDC Research. 2012. Import and Export Trade Industry in Hong Kong. [online] May 9. Available at: http://hong-kong-economy-research.hktdc.com/business-news/article/Hong-Kong-Industry-Profiles/Import-and-Export-Trade-Industry-in-Hong-Kong/hkip/en/1/1X000000/1X006NJK.htm [Accessed October 6, 2012].

    Google Scholar 

  24. Yao, Lu. 2012. China Releases 12th Five-Year Plan for National Strategic Emerging Industries. [online] July 25. Available at: http://www.china-briefing.com/news/2012/07/25/china-releases-12th-five-year-plan-for-national-strategic-emerging-industries.html [Accessed August 24, 2012].

    Google Scholar 

  25. CAPA Centre for Aviation 2011. World Airport Rankings 2010: Hong Kong Eclipses Memphis as the World’s Busiest Cargo Hub. [online] March 16. Available at:http://centreforaviation.com/analysis/world-airport-rankings-2010-hong-kong-eclipses-memphis-as-the-worlds-busiest-cargo-hub-47887 [Accessed July 8, 2012].

    Google Scholar 

  26. Brooks, Mary R. 2004. The Governance Structure of Ports. Review of Network Economics. [e-journal] 3 (2) June, pp. 168–83. Available through: Berkeley Electronic Press database [Accessed November 17, 2009].

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Wong, P. 2007. Hong Kong: Asia’s World Port. In Kevin Cullinane and Dong—Wook Song, eds., Asian Container Ports. Development, Competition and Co-operation. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Chapter 7.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Census and Statistics Department. 2012. Transport, Communications and Tourism. [online] Available at: http://www.censtatd.gov.hk/hkstat/sub/sp130.jsp?productCode=FA100063 [Accessed August 7, 2011].

    Google Scholar 

  29. Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. 2010. About Us: Hong Kong’s Trade Policy. [online] September 12. Available at: http://www.tid.gov.hk/english/aboutus/tradepolicy/trpolicy.html [Accessed January 10, 2011].

    Google Scholar 

  30. Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Customs and Excise Department. 2012. HK Customs Smashes Transnational Drug Trafficking Case with Seizure of 412kg of Ketamine. [online] June 1. Available at:http://www.customs.gov.hk/en/publication_press/press/index_id_885.html [Accessed November 9, 2012].

    Google Scholar 

  31. Teague, Matthew. 2009. The Other Tibet. National Geographic. [e-journal] 216 (6) December, pp. 30–55. Available through: Academic Search Premier database [Accessed June 21, 2011]

    Google Scholar 

  32. Mir, Amir. 2011. Uyghur Militants Threaten Sino—Pak Ties. [online] August 10. Available at: http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/MH10Df02.html [Accessed September 3, 2011].

    Google Scholar 

  33. United States Government Accountability Office. 2012. Container Security Programs Have Matured, but Uncertainty Persists over the Future of 100 Percent Scanning. [online] February 7. Available at:http://www.gao.gov/assets/590/588253.pdf [Accessed May 12, 2012].

    Google Scholar 

  34. US Department of Homeland Security. 2012. Container Security Initiative Ports. [online] Available at:http://www.dhs.gov/files/programs/gc_1165872287564.shtm [Accessed March 7, 2011].

    Google Scholar 

  35. Consulate General of the United States: Hong Kong and Macau. 2004. United States-Hong Kong Policy Act Report. [online] April 1. Available at: http://hongkong.usconsulate.gov/ushk_pa_2004040101.html [Accessed May 18, 2011].

    Google Scholar 

  36. Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Customs and Excise Department. 2012. HK Customs Smashes Transnational Drug Trafficking Case with Seizure of 412kg of Ketamine. [online] June 1. Available at:http://www.customs.gov.hk/en/publication_press/press/index_id_885.html [Accessed November 9, 2012].

    Google Scholar 

  37. Consulate General of the United States: Hong Kong and Macau. 2004. United States—Hong Kong Policy Act Report. [online] April 1. Available at: http://hongkong.usconsulate.gov/ushk_pa_2004040101.html [Accessed May 18, 2011].

    Google Scholar 

  38. Consulate General of the United States: Hong Kong and Macau. 2004. United States-Hong Kong Policy Act Report. [online] April 1. Available at: http://hongkong.usconsulate.gov/ushk_pa_2004040101.html [Accessed May 18, 2011]

    Google Scholar 

  39. World Shipping Council. 2012. Top 50 World Container Ports. [online] Available at:http://www.worldshipping.org/about-the-industry/global-trade/top-50-world-container-ports [Accessed October 3, 2012].

    Google Scholar 

  40. Talmadge, Eric. 2012. US Navy Hopes Stealth Ship Answers a Rising China. [online] June 4. Available at:http://www.wtop.com/2889410/US-Navy-hopes-stealth-ship-answers-a-rising-China [Accessed June 6, 2012].

    Google Scholar 

  41. US Department of State. 2012. St. Lucia Becomes 100th State to Endorse the Proliferation Security Initiative. [online] July 5. Available at: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2012/07/194611.htm [Accessed September 17, 2012].

    Google Scholar 

  42. Nikitin, Mary Beth. June 15, 2012. Proliferation Security Initiative. [online] June 15. Available at:http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/nuke/RL34327.pdf [Accessed September 14, 2012].

    Google Scholar 

  43. Kim, Duk Ki. 2000. Naval Strategy in Northeast Asia: Geo-Strategic Goals, Policies and Prospects. London: Frank Cass Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Dutton, Peter. 2011. Three Disputes and Three Objectives: China and the South China Sea. [online] July 20. Available at: http://nghiencuubiendong.vn/en/conferences-and-seminars-/second-international-workshop/592-592—[Accessed September 24, 2012].

    Google Scholar 

  45. Wesley, Michael. 2012. What’s at Stake in the South China Sea? [online] July 25. Available at:http://www.lowyinstitute.org/publications/whats-stake-south-china-sea [Accessed September 12, 2012].

    Google Scholar 

  46. Wallace, Kelly, and Chinoy, Mike. 2001. U.S. Surveillance Plane Lands in China after Collision with Fighter. [online] April 1. Available at: http://archives.cnn.com/2001/US/04/01/us.china.plane [Accessed May 21, 2010].

    Google Scholar 

  47. Fan, Gaoyue. 2011. Maritime Interests: China-US Cooperation and Conflicts. [online] August. Available at:http://www.csis.org/files/publication/issuesinsights_vol11no10_English.pdf [Accessed December 9, 2011].

    Google Scholar 

  48. Hong Kong Trade Development Council. 2006. Small Business Resources C-TPAT Remains a Key Factor in Business Relationships with US Importers. [online] March 8. Available at: http://info.hktdc.com/sme_content.aspx?contentid=558354&src=sme_tm&sec=Cargo&w_sid [Accessed May 30, 2011].

    Google Scholar 

  49. US Customs and Border Patrol. 2003. Enforcement of 24—Hour Rule Begins February 2. [online] January 30. Available at: http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/newsroom/news_releases/archives/cbp_press_releases/012003/01302003.xml [Accessed September 12, 2011].

    Google Scholar 

  50. One Port. 2011. Company Overview. [online] Available at:http://www.oneport.com/eng/overview.htm [Accessed September 22, 2011].

    Google Scholar 

  51. Science Applications International Corporation. 2011. Integrated Container Information System. [online] Available at: http://www.saic.com/products/transportation/icis [Accessed August 25, 2011].

    Google Scholar 

  52. Oracle. 2007. Oracle and Savi Technology Provide Critical Information Link to Track Active RFID-Tagged Containers Shipped from Hong Kong to Japan. [online] March 22. Available at: http://www.oracle.com/us/corporate/press/015260_EN [Accessed September 4, 2011].

    Google Scholar 

  53. Homeland Security Institute. 2007. Report of the DHS National Small Vessel Security Summit. [online] October 19. Available at: http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/small_vessel_NSVSS_Report_HQ_508.pdf [Accessed January 26, 2011].

    Google Scholar 

  54. Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Customs and Excise Department. 2010. Air Cargo Clearance System. [online] May 7. Available at: http://www.customs.gov.hk/en/trade_facilitation/ecargo/air/index.html [Accessed August 27, 2011].

    Google Scholar 

  55. Tok, Sow Keat. 2008. Sovereignty in Exercise: Constructing Political Chineseness in Post-1997 Hong Kong. In Gungwu Wang and Yongnian Zheng, eds., China and the New International Order. New York: Routledge. Chapter 4.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Tok, S. K. 2008. Sovereignty in Exercise: Constructing Political Chineseness in Post-1997 Hong Kong. In G. Wang and Y. Zheng, eds., China and the New International Order. New York: Routledge. Chapter 4.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Tok, Sow Keat. 2008. Sovereignty in Exercise: Constructing Political Chineseness in Post—1997 Hong Kong. In Gungwu Wang and Yongnian Zheng, eds., China and the New International Order. New York: Routledge. Chapter 4.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Tok, S. K. 2008. Sovereignty in Exercise: Constructing Political Chineseness in Post—1997 Hong Kong. In G. Wang and Y. Zheng, eds., China and the New International Order. New York: Routledge. Chapter 4.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Zhang, Guoqiang, Zhang, Ning, and Wang, Qinyung. 2005. Container Ports Development and Regional Economic Growth: An Empirical Research on the Pearl River Delta Region of China. [online] Available at: http://www.easts.info/on-line/proceedings_05/2136.pdf [Accessed June 27, 2011]

    Google Scholar 

  60. Lee, Sung Woo, Song, Dong Wook, and Ducruet, César. 2008. A Tale of Asia’s World Ports: The Spatial Evolution in Global Hub Port Cities. [online] Available at: http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/45/86/02/PDF/Geoforum_Lee-Song-Ducruet.pdf [Accessed February 26, 2011].

    Google Scholar 

  61. Wang, James, and Olivier, Daniel. 2007. Hong Kong and Shenzhen: The Nexus in South China. In Kevin Cullinane and Dong Wook Song, eds., Asian Container Ports: Development, Competition and Co-operation. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Chapter 11.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Lau, Kevin, Wang, Betty Rui, and Green, Stephen. 2012. China—More than 200 Clients Talk Wages in the PRD. [online] March 5. Available at: https://research.standardchartered.com/researchdocuments/Pages/ResearchArticle.aspx?&R=90905#container [Accessed May 9, 2012].

    Google Scholar 

  63. Fishman, Ted C. 2006. China Inc. New York: Scribner.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. 2012. Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA). [online]June 14. Available at:http://www.tid.gov.hk/english/cepa/cepa_overview.html [Accessed July 18, 2012].

    Google Scholar 

  65. Huxley, T. 2009. Banking’s Darkest Hour: Another Year, Another Challenge. The Port of Hong Kong Handbook and Directory. [online] pp. 20–22. Available at:http://www.seaportsinfo.com/portofhongkong/PortOfHongKongDirectory_2009.pdf [Accessed April 14, 2011].

    Google Scholar 

  66. Zheng, Yongnian, and Tong, Sarah Y. 2010. Introduction. In Yongnian Zheng and Sarah Y. Tong, eds., China and the Global Economic Crisis. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Oliver, Chris. 2010. China’s Economy Expands 8.7% in 2009, Exceeding Target. [online] January 21. Available at: http://articles.marketwatch.com/2010-01-21/markets/30723772_1_investment-growth-official-growth-target-china-stocks [Accessed September 23, 2011].

    Google Scholar 

  68. GOV.cn. 2011. China’s 2010 GDP Growth Revised to 10.4 pct Year—on—Year. [online] September 7. Available at: http://www.gov.cn/english/2011-09/07/content_1942707.htm [Accessed September 5, 2011].

    Google Scholar 

  69. Jacques, Martin. 2012. When China Rules the World, Second Edition. Penguin Books: New York.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Huang, Yanjie, and Chen, Shaofeng. 2010. Pearl River Delta in a Crisis of Industrialization. In Yongnian Zheng and Sarah Y. Tong, eds., China and the Global Economic Crisis. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing. Chapter 4.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Zhang, Yang. 2010. Hong Kong Economy on the Road to Recovery? In Yongnian Zheng and Sarah Y. Tong, eds., China and the Global Economic Crisis. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing. Chapter 7.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Census and Statistics Department. 2011. Situation of Six Industries in Hong Kong for 2008 and 2009. [online] February 23. Available at:http://www.censtatd.gov.hk/press_release/pressReleaseDetail.jsp?charsetID=1&pressRID=269 [Accessed October 26, 2012].

    Google Scholar 

  73. Zhang, Yongnian. 2010. Hong Kong Economy on the Road to Recovery? In Yongnian. Zheng and Sarah Y. Tong, eds., China and the Global Economic Crisis. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing. Chapter 7.

    Google Scholar 

  74. People’s Republic of China National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC). 2008. The Outline of the Plan for the Reform and Development of the Pearl River Delta (2008–2020). [online] December. Available at: http://en.ndrc.gov.cn[Accessed October 12, 2012].

    Google Scholar 

  75. Institute for Management Development. 2012. IMD Announces Its 2012 World Competitiveness Rankings. [online] May 31. Available at: http://www.imd.org/news/IMD-announces-its-2012-World-Competitiveness-Rankings.cfm?tea4=true [Accessed October 6, 2012].

    Google Scholar 

  76. D’Altorio, Tony. 2010. The Global Shipping Container Shortage: Riding the Waves to Profits. [online] June 30. Available at: http://www.investmentu.com/2010/June/the-global-shipping-container-shortage.html [Accessed July 19, 2011].

    Google Scholar 

  77. Leach, Peter T. 2007. No Room of Their Own. The Journal of Commerce. [e-journal] 8 (19) May 14, pp. 16–19. Available through: Business Source Premier database [Accessed February 22, 2010].

    Google Scholar 

  78. Barnard, Bruce. 2009. China’s Ports Face Massive Overcapacity. The Journal of Commerce. [e-journal] February 26. Available through: LexisNexis Academic database [Accessed May 27, 2011].

    Google Scholar 

  79. Eyerdam, Rick. 2010. Statistics, Logistics and the Rebound: Latin America Leads the Way as Global Trade Picks up from Its Steep Decline in 2009. Latin Trade. [e-journal] 18 (3) May—June, pg. 54. Available through: Expanded Academic ASAP (Gale) [Accessed May 14, 2011]

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Copyright information

© 2013 Lance E. Hoovestal

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hoovestal, L.E. (2013). The People’s Republic of China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. In: Globalization Contained. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137315915_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics