Skip to main content

The Importance of Trust to the Funding of Humanitarian Work

  • Chapter
Humanitarian Work Psychology

Abstract

There may be a natural reluctance to criticize non-profit organizations, as any attempt to do good for humanity is surely better than no attempt at all. However, ‘doing good poorly’ may undermine the public’s trust in a specific non-profit organization, and in the non-profit sector in general. Many circumstances, including inefficiency of operations, failure to achieve outcomes, and fraud, can lead to the public forming the opinion that a non-profit organization is not doing a good job. A failure to develop and maintain the public’s trust may lead to long-term difficulties for non-profit organizations to raise sufficient funds to support their work. In this chapter, the development of the public’s trust in non-profit organizations is discussed in terms of organizational ‘accountability’ and ‘efficiency’. The chapter discusses literature and describes research which offers suggestions on how non-profit organizations can build and maintain a trusting relationship with the public.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Accra Agenda for Action (2008). Third high-level forum on aid effectiveness. Accra: Ghana: September 2–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Annan, K. A. (2000). We the peoples: The role of the United Nations in the 21st century. New York: UN Department of Public Information.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck, T. E., Lengnick-Hall, C. A. & Lengnick-Hall, M. L. (2008). ‘Solutions out of context: Examining the transfer of business concepts to nonprofit organizations’. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 19(2), 153–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bell, R. A., Cholerton, M., Fraczek, K. & Rohlfs, G. (1994). ‘Encouraging donations to charity: A field study competing and complementary factors in tactic sequencing’. Western Journal of Communication, 58(2), 98–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bendapudi, N., Singh, S. N. & Bendapudi, V. (1996). ‘Enhancing helping behaviour: An integrative framework for promotion planning’. Journal of Marketing, 60 (3), 33–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, R. (2009). ‘Impulsive donation decisions during online browsing of charity websites’. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 8, 116–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Better Business Bureau Wise Giving Alliance (2003). ‘Standards for Charity Accountability’. Retrieved from http://www.give.org/standards/newcbbbstds.asp on 8 October 2010, http://www.bbb.org/us/Charity-Standards/on 2 March 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bozzo, S. L. (2000). ‘Evaluation resources for nonprofit organizations: Usefulness and applicability’. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 10(4), 463–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brockner, J. (1984). ‘Organizational fundraising: further evidence on the effect of legitimizing small donations’. Journal of Consumer Research, 11(1), 611–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brownstein, R. J. & Katzev, R. D. (1985). ‘The relative effectiveness of three compliance techniques in eliciting donations to a cultural organization’. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 15(6), 584–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bruce, I. (1994). Marketing need. Hemel Hempstead, UK: ICSA Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryson, J. M. (1995). Strategic Planning for Public and Nonprofit Organizations (2nd edn) San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burt, C. D. B. & Strongman, K. (2005). ‘Use of images in charity advertising: Improving donations and compliance rates’. International Journal of Organisational Behaviour, 8(8), 571–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burt, C. D. B. & Dunham, A. (2009). ‘Trust generated by aid agency web page design’. International Journal of Non-profit and Voluntary Sector Marketing; Special Issue on Poverty and Marketing. 14, 125–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burt, C. D. B. & Gibbon, S. (2011). ‘The effects of donation button design on aid agency trust’. International Journal of Non-profit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 16(2), 183–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Callen, J. (1994). ‘Money donations, volunteering and organizational efficiency’. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 5, 215–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, G. (2009). ‘Does meeting standards affect charitable giving? An empirical study of New York metropolitan area charities’. Nonprofit Management & Leadership, 19(3), 349–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Drucker, P. F. (1990). Managing the nonprofit organization: Practices and principles. New York: Harper Collins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ebrahim, A. & Rangan, V. K. (2010). ‘The limits of nonprofit impact: A contingency framework for measuring social performance’. Harvard Business School: Working paper 10–099.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ebrahim, A. & Weisband, E. (Eds) (2007). Global accountabilities: Participation, pluralism, and public ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forbes, D. P. (1998). ‘Measuring the unmeasureable: Empirical studies of nonprofit effectiveness from 1977 to 1997’. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 27(2), 183–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fox, J. & Carr, S. C. (2000). ‘Internet technology and poverty relief’. South Pacific Journal of Psychology, 12, 52–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibelman, M. & Gelman, S. R. (2001). ‘Very public scandals: Nongovernmental organizations in trouble’. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 12(1), 49–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goatman, A. K. & Lewis, B. R. (2007). ‘Charity E-evolution? An evaluation of the attitudes of UK charities towards website adoption and use’. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 12, 33–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grabner-Krauter, S. & Kaluscha, E. A. (2003). ‘Empirical research in on-line trust: A review and critical assessment’. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 58, 783–812.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greenlee, J. S. & Brown, K. L. (1999). ‘The impact of accounting information on contributions to charitable organizations’. Research in Accounting Regulation, 13, 111–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gueguen, N. (2003). ‘Fund-raising on the web: The effect of an electronic door- in-the-face technique on compliance to a request’. Cyber Psychology and Behavior, 6(2), 189–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gueguen, N. & Jacob, C. (2001). ‘Fundraising on the web: The effect of an electronic foot-in-the-door on donation’. Cyber Psychology and Behavior, 4(6), 705–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, J. & McCrohan, K. (1988). ‘Fundraising costs: Societal implications for philanthropies and their supporters’. Business and Society, 27(1), 15–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman, D. L., Novak. T. P. & Peralta, M. (1998). ‘Building consumer trust online’. Communications of the ACM, 42, 80–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holtfreter, K. (2008). ‘Determinants of fraud losses in nonprofit organizations’. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 19(1), 45–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hwang, H. & Powell, W. W. (2009). ‘The rationalization of charity: The influences of professionalism in the nonprofit sector’. Administrative Science Quarterly, 54, 268–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kearns, K. P. (1996). Managing for accountability: Preserving the public trust in nonprofit organizations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kemp, S., Richardson, J. & Burt, C. D. B. (2011). ‘A goat for Christmas: Exploring third-party gifts’. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 26(6), 453–64. Global Special Issue on Psychology and Poverty Reduction, http://poverty.massey.ac.nz/#global_issue on 2 March 2012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kotler, P. & Andreasen, A. (1991). Strategic marketing management for nonprofit organizations (4 th edn) Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewicki, R. J. & Bunker, B. (1995). ‘Trust in relationships: a model of trust development and decline’. In B. Bunker & J. Rubin, (Eds), Conflict, Cooperation and Justice (pp. 133–73). Jossey-Bass: San Francisco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, D. (2002). ‘Organization and management in the third sector: Towards a cross- cultural research agenda’. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 13(1), 67–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lindenberg, M. (2001). ‘Are we cutting edge or the blunt edge? Improving NGO organizational performance with private and public sector strategic management frameworks’. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 11(3), 247–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacLachlan, M., Carr, S.C. & McAuliffe, E. (2010). The aid triangle: Recognizing the human dynamics of dominance, justice and identity. Canada: Fernwood Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martens, B. (2005). ‘Why do aid agencies exit?’ Development Policy Review, 23(6), 643–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H. & Schoorman, F. D. (1995). ‘An integrative model of organizational trust’. Academy of Management Review, 20, 709–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • McPeak, M. (2001). ‘Tackling fragmentation and building unity in an international nongovernmental organization’. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 11(4), 477–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McWah, I. & Carr, S. C. (2009). ‘Images of poverty and attributions for poverty: Does higher education moderate the linkage?’ International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 14, 101–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mullin, R. (1995). Foundations for fund-raising. London: ICSA Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olsen M., Keevers M., Paul J. & Covington S. (2001). ‘E-relationship development strategy for the non-profit fundraising professional’. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 6, 364–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ones, D. S., Viswesvaran, C. & Schmidt, F. L. (1993). ‘Comprehensive meta-analysis of integrity test validities: Findings and implications for personnel selection and theories of job performance’. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(4), 679–703.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Neill, M. (2009). ‘Public confidence in charitable nonprofits’. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 38(2), 237–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Opinion Leader Research (2005). ‘Report of findings of a survey of public trust and confidence in charities’. Retrieved from http://www.charity-commission.gov.uk on 8 October 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oster, S. M. (1995). Strategic management for nonprofit organizations: Theory and cases. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness (2005). Document summarizing the agreement is available from, http://www.aidharmonization.org/secondary-pages/Paris2005.

  • Pavlou, P. A. (2003). ‘Consumer acceptance of electronic commerce-integrating trust and risk with the technology acceptance model’. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 7, 69–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Powell, A. J. (2005). ‘It all begins with strategy: Using the Internet as a strategic tool’. In T. Hart, J. M. Greenfield, & M. Johnston (Eds), Non-profit Internet Strategies: Best Practices for Marketing, Communications, and Fundraising Success (pp. 17–25). New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Power, M. (1999). The audit society: Rituals of verification, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Purcell, M. E. & Hawtin, M. (2010). ‘Piloting external peer review as a model for performance improvement in third-sector organizations’. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 20(3), 357–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ridder, H. & McCandless, A. (2010). ‘Influences on the architecture of human resource management in nonprofit organizations: An analytical framework’. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 39(1), 124–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richard, W. (2008). ‘Applying relationship management theory to the fundraising process for individual donors’. Journal of Communication Management, 12(1), 73–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sargeant, A. (2001). ‘Web-based fund raising: Is anyone making any real money?’ Fund Raising Management, 32, 20–3.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sargeant, A. & Lee, S. (2004). ‘Donor trust and relationship commitment in the U.K. Charity sector: The impact on behaviour’. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 33(2), 185–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sargeant, A. & Woodliffe, L. (2007). ‘Gift giving: An interdisciplinary review’. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 12(4), 275–307.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sargeant, A., Ford, J. B. & West, D. C. (2006). ‘Perceptual determinants of nonprofit giving behaviour’. Journal of Business Research, 59, 155–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sargeant, A., Lee, S. & Jay, E. (2009). ‘Communicating the “realities” of charity costs: An institute of fundraising initiative’. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 38(2), 333–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sargeant, A., West, D. C. & Jay, E. (2007). ‘The relational determinants of nonprofit web site fundraising effectiveness: An exploratory study’. Nonprofit Management & Leadership, 18, 141–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sawhill, J. C. & Williamson, D. (2001). ‘Mission Impossible? Measuring success in nonprofit organizations’. Nonprofit Management & Leadership, 11(3), 371–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Speckbacher, G. (2008). ‘Nonprofit versus corporate governance: An economic approach’. Nonprofit Management & Leadership, 18(3), 295–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sumption, H. (1995). Yesterday’s trail-blazing. Hertford, UK: Brainstorm Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tinkelman, D. (1998). ‘Differences in sensitivity of financial statement users to joint cost allocations: The case of nonprofit organizations’. Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance, 13(4), 377–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tinkelman, D. (1999). ‘Factors affecting the relation between donations to not-for- profit organizations and an efficiency ratio’. Research in Government and Nonprofit Accounting, 10, 135–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Beynen, M. (2009). ‘Telethon charity’s costs queried’. The Press. Retrieved from http://www.stuff.co.nz/entertainment/tv/2742223/Telethon-charitys-costs- queried on 8 October 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wanek, J. E. (1999). ‘Integrity and honesty testing: What do we know? How do we use it?’ International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 7(4), 183–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Y. D. & Emurian, H. H. (2005). ‘An overview of online trust: Concepts, elements, and implications’. Computers in Human Behavior, 21, 105–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Water, R. D. (2007). ‘Nonprofit organizations’ use of the Internet: A content analysis of communication trends on the internet sites of the philanthropy 400’. Nonprofit Management & Leadership, 18, 59–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Warwick, M. (1994). Raising money by mail: Strategies for growth and financial stability. Berkeley, CA: Strathmoor Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weisbrod, B. & Dominguez, N. (1986). ‘Demand for collective goods in private nonprofit markets: Can fundraising expenditures help overcome free-rider behaviour?’ Journal of Public Economics, 30(1), 83–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wenham, K., Stephens, D. & Hardy, R. (2003). ‘The marketing effectiveness of UK environmental charity websites compared to best practice’. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 8, 213–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weyant, J. M. (1997). ‘Application of compliance techniques to direct-mail requests for charitable donations’. Psychology and Marketing, Special Issue: Psychology, Marketing and Direct Mail, 13(2), 157–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilhelm, I. (2006). ‘Fraud investigations raise new questions for beleaguered Red Cross’. Chronicle of Philanthropy, 6, 46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, O. E. (1993). ‘Calculativeness, trust and economic organization’. Journal of Law and Economics, 30, 131–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, D. R., Bania, N. & Bailey, D. (1996). ‘Structure and accountability: A study of National nonprofit associations’. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 6(4), 347–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zack, G. M. (2003). Fraud and abuse in nonprofit organizations: A guide to prevention and detection. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2012 Christopher D. B. Burt

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Burt, C.D.B. (2012). The Importance of Trust to the Funding of Humanitarian Work. In: Carr, S.C., MacLachlan, M., Furnham, A. (eds) Humanitarian Work Psychology. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137015228_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics